ДИНАМИКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ ПЕРВОТЕЛОК ЧЕРНО-ПЕСТРОЙ ПОРОДЫ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ СПОСОБА СОДЕРЖАНИЯ И СЕЗОНА ОТЕЛА

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. OVODKOV ◽  
Ah.S. DELYAN
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Group I ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Calving Season

Изучено влияние способа содержания и сезона отела на лактационную деятельность голштинизированных коров-первотелок черно-пестрой породы. Исследования проведены в условиях сельскохозяйственного предприятия Тверской области на 4 группах животных: I группа — привязное содержание, летние отелы; II — привязное содержание, зимние отелы; III — беспривязное содержание, летние отелы; IV — беспривязное содержание, зимние отелы. Максимальные удои у коров I, III и IV групп были получены на 3-м мес лактации, II — на 2-м. Удой в I, II, III и IV группах составил, соответственно, 7714, 8717, 7682 и 7930 кг молока за 305 дней лактации. Удой коров за первые 3 мес в % к удою за 305 дней лактаций: I группа — 33,7%, II — 35,8, III — 34,4, IV — 35,9%. Максимальный суточный удой в I группе равнялся 30,8 кг, во II — 36,5, в III —29,7 и в IV — 35,3. Среднесуточный удой за 305 дней лактации в I группе составил 21,2 кг, во II — 23,6, в III группе — 19,4 и в IV группе — 21,7. Коэффициент постоянства лактации в I II III и IV группах равнялся 93,2, 94,2, 89,2 и 98%, соответственно. Независимо от способа содержания более высокие показатели молочной продуктивности и устойчивости лактационной деятельности имели коровы, отелившиеся в зимний период.The influence of the method of keeping and calving season on the lactation activity of Holstein cows-heifers of black-and-white breed is studied. Studies were conducted in the agricultural enterprise of the Tver region on 4 groups of animals: I group — tethered content, summer calving; 2 — tethered content, winter calving; III — loose content, summer calving; 4 — loose content, winter calving. Maximum milk yield in cows I and III and IV groups were obtained on the 3rd month of lactation, the second — at the 2nd. Milk Yield in I, II and III and in IV groups made, respectively, 7714, 8717, 7682 and 7930 kg of milk for 305 days of lactation. Milk yield of cows for the first 3% to milk yield for 305 days of lactation: group I-33,7%, II — 35,8, III-34,4, IV-35,9%. The maximum daily yield in group I was 30.8 kg, in group II — 36.5, in group III — 29.7 and in group IV — 35.3. The average daily yield for 305 days of lactation in group I was 21.2 kg, in group II — 23.6, in group III — 19.4 and in group IV — 21.7. The coefficient of persistence of lactation in I, II, III and IV groups was equal to 93.2 per cent, 94,2, to 89.2 and 98%, respectively. Regardless of the method of maintenance, cows calving in winter had higher indicators of milk productivity and stability of lactation activity.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTENSITY OF BREEDING OF HEIFERS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED IN DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS ON THE FUTURE DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
S. F. Antonenko
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Animal Number ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The scientific experiment was carried out in two stages at State enterprise pilot farm “Hontarivka”, Vovchansk district, Kharkiv region. First stage. In a retrospective analysis of the rearing calf intensity from 3 to 6 months revealed that the highest live weight at 6-month age had animals of group III, .which is probably 47.0 kg or 34.6% and 23.0 kg or 14.4% (P < 0.001 in both comparison cases) outperformed peers I and II groups. A similar trend was observed in the analysis of live weight of heifers at 9 and 12-month age. Live weight at insemination in the higher growth group also had better rates of 4.0 and 3.7%, respectively, in animals of groups I and II (P < 0.001–0.05). It should be noted that the required live weight for insemination at heifers at growth rates of up to 500 g was reached in only 20.3 months, however, in the other two groups, the insemination age decreased by 1.5 and 1.7 months. Firstcalf heifers from group III also had the highest milk expectancy of 170.0 and 123.0 kg, or 3.1 and 2.3%, respectively, then animals in groups I and II. In the age period from 6 to 9 months it was found that at 9-month age heifers of group III had a higher live weight against animals of I and II groups respectively by 39.0 and 16.0 kg or 18.8 and 7.0% (P < 0.001 in both comparison cases). Intergroup differences by this indicator at 12-month age hiefers decreased to 35.0 and 8.0 kg, respectively, or 13.0 and 2.7% (P < 0.001 in both cases of comparison), which provided an advantage for the live weight of group III over I and II groups during the first fruitful insemination. Whereas the age of first fruitfull insemination, on the contrary, was lower at heifers of group III at 49 and 34 days than at groups I and II heifers. The highest milk productivity was also found at firstcalf heifers of group III at 634 kg or 12.3% (P < 0.001) and at 137 kg or 2.5% against animal I and II groups. The heifer live weight at the period from 9 to 12 months corresponded to the established differences at other age periods generally. And 12-month age calves of group III also significantly exceeded the analogues of group I by 38.0 kg or 14.0% (P < 0.001) and peers of group II – by 23.0 kg or 8.0% (P < 0.001). The live weight at fruitfull insemination of group III heifers was the largest and the difference compared with animals of group I was 21.0 kg or 5.3% (P < 0.01) and group II – 19.0 kg or 4.8% (P < 0.001). Group III animals also had the highest milk productivity, which is likely to be higher than group I peers by 751 kg or 14.5% (P < 0.001) and group II animals by 552 kg or 10.3% (P < 0.001). Second stage. It was found that during the experiment, live weight of free-stall keeping heifers were outnumbered by peers. In particular, the live weight of group I animals at the first month of the experiment was less by 8.0 kg or 2.9%, the second by 15.0 kg or 4.7% (P < 0.05) and the third by 19.0 kg or 5.4% against peers of group II. A similar pattern was observed in the estimation of intensive growth of these animals. However, at the end of the experiment, the heifers of the experimental group were 7.0 cm or 5.9% (P < 0.001) higher in the withers, 7.0 cm or 5.6% (P < 0.001) in the back, and the sacrum – 6.0 cm or 4.7% (P < 0.001). They showed deeper breasts by 3.0 cm or 4.9% (P < 0.01), larger breast widths – by 2.0 cm or 5.4% (P < 0.01), width in macaques – by 2.0 cm or 4.9% (P < 0.01), oblique torso length – 8.0 cm or 5.8% (P < 0.001), chest circumference 9.0 cm or 5.6% (P < 0.001) and girth – 1.0 cm or 6.1% (P < 0.01). It should be noted that from the second month of the research the animal number the free-stall keeping animal number, which ready for insemination, was more at 2.3 times or 5 goals than stall keeping heifers, and their live weight was more at 8 kg or 3.0%. With age, the differences between the groups gradually increased and by the third month reached 8 goals or 2.6 times and 19.0 kg or 5.7%.

scholarly journals DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED COWS DEPENDING ON THE GENOTYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
O. V. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Group V ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Dairy Breed

The research was carried out according to the materials of pedigree records of 10 breeding farms for breeding Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle. Following the requirements of the Instruction on grading cattle of dairy and dairy-meat breeds, regarding the distribution of local animals by generations on the basis of the conditional share of blood by breeding breed, cows in these herds were divided into 5 groups with the corresponding conditional share of blood by Holstein breed: group I – 50.0–74.9%; ІІ – 75.0–87.4%; III – 87.5–93.7%; IV – 93.8–96.8%; V – 96.9% or more. It was found that in breeding herds among 1940 first-born cows the number of crossbreed animals of the I–III generation was 905 heads (46.6%), and the IV generation and older – 1035 heads (53.4%). During the first lactation, cows of the I group exceeded their peers of the II group by 386 kg (p < 0.05), III – by 159 kg, IV – by 332 kg, but were 114 kg inferior to individuals of the V group. The highest yield of cows for the first lactation – 5996 kg of milk, obtained in group V. The largest amount of milk fat was obtained from cows of group I – 225.5 kg, which is 3.2–20.2 kg (p < 0.01), more than peers of other studied groups. During the second lactation, the hopes of cows of groups II–IV did not increase in comparison with group I with the increase in their genotype of conditional blood by Holstein breed. Cows of the I group exceeded the expectations of the representatives of the II group by 277 kg, III – by 125 kg and IV – by 264 kg, but were 237 kg inferior to animals of the V group. The amount of milk fat during the second lactation did not depend on the conditional blood by the improving breed and was the highest in individuals of group I – 244.2 kg, respectively. During the third lactation, the largest amount of milk was obtained from cows of group V – 6654 kg. In turn, this lactation is also characterized by a decrease in milk yield in cows of groups II–IV compared to the first and V groups. It was determined that cows of group I produced 277 kg more milk than representatives of group II and 260 and 415 kg – III and IV groups, respectively. The obtained amount of milk fat did not correlate with the conditional blood of cows by the breeding breed. During the IV lactation, cows of the experimental groups produced from 5880 to 6879 kg of milk while maintaining the trend of uneven milk yield depending on the influence of conditional blood in their genotype of Holstein breed. It was found that cows of group I for 305 days of the fourth lactation produced 6173 kg of milk and outnumbered only representatives of group II (293 kg), but inferior to individuals of group III by 23 kg, IV – by 297 kg and V – by 706 kg. Group V cows were also characterized by the highest amount of milk fat in milk. It is established that only from V lactation a clear dependence of yield cows on conditional blood for the improving breed. Thus, cows of group I produced 301–1613 kg (p < 0.01) less milk per lactation than individuals of other groups, whose conditional blood content by Holstein breed was higher. A similar trend is set for the amount of milk fat. Dairy productivity of VI lactating cows, similarly to V, has a clear tendency to increase with increasing conditional blood of Holstein breed in their genotype. Cows of group I in terms of milk yield were inferior to representatives of group II by 1052 kg, III – by 1179 kg, IV – by 1395 and V – by 2257 kg (p < 0.05). The amount of milk fat was consistent with the amount of milk obtained. It was found that in local cows with a conditional share of blood for the improving breed at the level of 50.0–74.9% of hopes increased from I to III lactation. In cows with a conditional share of blood by Holstein breed in the range of 75.0–87.4% of hopes increased from I to III lactation, with a further decrease in productivity from IV to VI lactation. The amount of milk fat correlated with the milk yield per lactation in cows, a statistically significant difference was found only between the first and second lactations. Crossbreed cows of the III genotypic group, conditional blood according to Holsteins in which 87.5–93.7%, showed the highest milk productivity during the third lactation – 6286 kg. The largest amount of milk fat was obtained in the milk of animals of the third lactation – 239.4 kg. High-blooded cows of the IV genotype group differed significantly in milk productivity from the representatives of other groups. In cows of this group, milk yield increased from I to V lactation and decreased during VI lactation. The amount of milk fat depended on milk yield and increased in proportion to the amount of milk obtained during lactation. It is determined that the content of the most high-blooded Holstein cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, the conditional share of blood which is 96.9% and above is the most economically advantageous for milk production, as they increase milk productivity from I to V lactation.

scholarly journals Effect and mechanisms of reproductive tract infection on oxidative stress parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation, and semen quality in infertile males

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Sheng Liu ◽  
Xiao-Dong Mao ◽  
Feng Pan ◽  
Rui Fang An
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Elastase Level

AbstractRecent years have seen a rising incidence of male infertility, mostly caused by the decline of sperm quality. The ratio of infertile males to infertile females has escalated from 3:7 in 2013 to current 5:5, which turns male infertility into the research focus of reproductive medicine. This study aimed to clarify the effect of reproductive tract infection by ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and chlamydia trachomatis (CT) on the DNA integrity and routine semen parameters of infertile males. A retrospective study was performed. A total of 259 infertile males who were treated at the Andrological Laboratory Examination and Reproductive Medicine Center in our hospital were analyzed. qRT-PCR was used to examine the infection status of CT and UU. According to the eligibility criteria, we evaluated the semen parameters and biochemical data of 253 men. Based on the results of PCR, the subjects were divided into four groups: Group I (CT positive, 63 cases), Group II (UU positive, 60 cases), Group III (CT positive and UU positive, 62 cases), and Group IV (no infection, 68 cases). DNA fragmentation index (DFI), sperm count, vitality and morphology, elastase level, seminal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed. Compared to Group IV, three groups (Group I, Group II and Group III) showed difference in semen volume, proportion of sperm with normal morphology, sperm motility, progressive motility, and vitality (P < 0.05). Compared to Group IV, Group II and Group III showed difference in DFI (P < 0.05). Compared to Group IV, Group II and Group III showed difference in elastase level (P < 0.05). VCL, VSL, VAP, WOB, ROS, TM, HDS showed differences between groups of abnormal/normal WBC (*P < 0.01).UU infection significantly increased the level of seminal leukocytes only in Group II, but not in the other three groups, indicating that UU is a factor to increase the level of seminal leukocytes. Compared with the normal leukocyte group, there were significant differences in total motility, forward motility and normal sperm ratio between the two groups. The proportion of sperm with abnormal morphology (mostly in the head) showed obvious difference between groups of high and normal seminal leukocytic levels. At the same time, in this study, SCGE and SCD verified that leukocytes could damage sperm DNA by increasing ROS, which ultimately affects male fertility.

Effect of amino acid infusion on renal hemodynamics in humans: a dose-response study

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. F703-F708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Giordano ◽  
P. Castellino ◽  
E. L. McConnell ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Group I ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Group Ii

We evaluated the dose-response relationship between the plasma amino acid (AA) concentration and renal hemodynamics in eight normal subjects. After an overnight fast, a balanced 10% AA solution was infused for 180 min at five separate infusion rates: 0.5 (group I), 1.0 (group II), 2.0 (group III), 4.0 (group IV), and 6.0 (group V) ml.kg-1.min-1 on separate days. Basal plasma AA concentration was 1.87 +/- 0.1 mmol/l and increased to 2.26 +/- 0.1 (group I), 2.66 +/- 0.2 (group II), 3.79 +/- 0.5 (group III), 5.81 +/- 0.4 (group IV), and 7.41 +/- 0.4 mmol/l (group V). Basal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) averaged 95 +/- 4 and 476 +/- 29 ml.1.73 m-2.min-1, respectively, and rose to 98 +/- 5 and 506 +/- 40 (group I) [P = not significant (NS)], 102 +/- 3 and 533 +/- 30 (group II) (P < 0.05 vs. basal), 110 +/- 4 and 567 +/- 29 (group III), 115 +/- 7 and 610 +/- 55 (group IV), and 117 +/- 7 and 614 +/- 66 ml.1.73 m-2.min-1 (group V) (P = NS vs. group IV). Basal plasma glucagon concentration averaged 68 +/- 10 pg/ml and increased to 74 +/- 10 (group I), 83 +/- 11 (group II) (P < 0.05 vs. basal), 100 +/- 14 (group III), 121 +/- 14 (group IV), and 229 +/- 35 pg/ml (group V) (P < 0.01 vs. basal). Increases in plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin levels were observed only during groups IV and V.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT ASSESSMENT METHODS OF BREEDING BULLS OF BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED BY THE OFFSPRING QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
E. I. Anisimova E. I. ◽  
◽  
P. S. Katmakov ◽  
A. V. Bushov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Ideal Line

The paper presents results of assessing black-and-white bulls by the quality of the offspring with application of different methods. The evaluation of bulls was carried out with application of the “daughter-mother” method in the conditions of Volzhsky Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation. The valuation showed that the bulls Aist 7 and Muscat 8 increased milk yield of daughters, in comparison with mothers, by 951 and 486 kg, or by 26.7 and 12.9%. The rest of the servicing bulls reduced milk yield of the offspring by 46 - 1019 kg (1.1 - 24.7%). When assessing the bulls using the “daughterpeer” method, the highest milk productivity was shown by the descendants of Sazan 25 and Aist 7 of Vis Back Ideal line, which surpassed their peers in milk yield by 273 and 419 kg, or by 3.8 and 5.7%, respectively. The producers Snop 57 (his 17 daughters had average milk yield of 4224 kg for the first lactation with milk fat of 3.80%) and Muscat 8 (with an average milk yield of daughters of 4254 kg , milk fat - 3.83%) are also of significant value for the breeding work of this farm. According to the assessment results, the producer Aist 7 was assigned to the breeding category of A1 of milk yield improvers. Bulls Sazan 25 and Muscat 8 are also rated as daughters’ milk yield improvers and are categorized as A2 and A3. All bulls evaluated by comparing daughters to the breed standards are improvers of daughters’ milk yield (+ 454-1860 kg).

scholarly journals Pathomechanism of Insulin Resistance in Men with Central Obesity: Correlation of GGT, GPx, hs-CRP and Plasma Total Cysteine

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritawaty Ritawaty ◽  
Indriyanti Rafi Sukmawati ◽  
Ilhamjaya Patellongi ◽  
Ferry Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Hs Crp

BACKGROUND: Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) was reported recently to be associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and increased amino acid. However, role of GGT in insulin resistance pathomechanism is not exactly known. Therefore correlation of GGT with inflammation, oxidative stress and elevated amino acid, in men with central obesity need to be confirmed.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed. Men with central obesity were recruited and selected. Anthropometric parameters, creatinine, hs-CRP, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, GGT, plasma total cysteine (tCys) and fatty liver were measured. Subjects were then divided in 4 groups based on waist circumference (WC) and fatty liver: Group I: WC ≤100 cm, without fatty liver; Group II: WC ≤100 cm, with fatty liver; Group III: WC >100 cm, without fatty liver; Group IV: WC >100 cm, with fatty liver. All biochemical characteristics in each group were then statistically analyzed.RESULTS: Seventy-two men with central obesity were selected. Numbers of subjects in each group were: Group I: n=33; Group II: n=5; Group III: n=17; Group IV: n=17. We found significant difference of HOMA-IR between Group I and IV, significant correlation between GGT and HOMAIR, and significant negative correlation between tCys with HOMA-IR in Group IV.CONCLUSION: GGT was significantly correlated with HOMA-IR in men with WC >100 cm and fatty liver. Further investigation with more subjects is necessary to determine clear GGT cut-off to distinguish subjects with fatty liver and insulin resistance.KEYWORDS: GGT, hs-CRP, GPx, tCys, HOMA-IR, insulin resistance

scholarly journals Analyses of the results in the treatment of locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma with different therapeutic approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mikic ◽  
I. Pendjer ◽  
Z. Dudvarski ◽  
A. Trivic ◽  
M. Kreacic
Keyword(s):  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Primary Radiotherapy ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Number Of Authors

Introduction: treatment of locoregional advanced hypopharyngeal cancers of grades III and IV would be surgery and/or radiotherapy. An increasing number of authors has emphasized favorable effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy with potentiation. The aim: the authors presented therapeutical results of three-year survived patients with squamocellular cancers of the hypopharynx (SCC Hy), grades III and IV, in relation to specific modalities of therapeutical approach. Methods: a series of 207 patients with grades III and IV of SCC Hy, treated in the period 1982 to 2002, was analyzed. Group I consisted of 131 patients who had surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (SUR-RT). Group II included 16 patients who underwent induction chemotherapy, surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (IC-SURRT). Group III consisted of 60 patients, who had primary radiotherapy (RT). Group IV involved 29 patients who were treated, in the period 2003-2006, by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy with potentiation (CHT-RT). Results: three-year survival in Group I was 67.94%, Group II - 50%, Group III - 30%, and in Group IV was 51.72%. Five-year survival was analyzed only in group IIII. The longest survival was observed in Group I - 33.59%. Conclusion: the best therapeutical results were achieved in patient group that was primarily operated on and then had postoperative radiotherapy, while the worst survival was recorded in patients who had primary radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Microbiome signature and diversity regulates the level of energy production under anaerobic condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shaminur Rahman ◽  
M. Nazmul Hoque ◽  
Joynob Akter Puspo ◽  
M. Rafiul Islam ◽  
Niloy Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indicator Species ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Methanosarcina Barkeri ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractThe microbiome of the anaerobic digester (AD) regulates the level of energy production. To assess the microbiome diversity and composition in different stages of anaerobic digestion, we collected 16 samples from the AD of cow dung (CD) origin. The samples were categorized into four groups (Group-I, Group-II, Group-III and Group-IV) based on the level of energy production (CH4%), and sequenced through whole metagenome sequencing (WMS). Group-I (n = 2) belonged to initial time of energy production whereas Group-II (n = 5), Group-III (n = 5), and Group-IV (n = 4) had 21–34%, 47–58% and 71–74% of CH4, respectively. The physicochemical analysis revealed that level of energy production (CH4%) had significant positive correlation with digester pH (r = 0.92, p < 0.001), O2 level (%) (r = 0.54, p < 0.05), and environmental temperature (°C) (r = 0.57, p < 0.05). The WMS data mapped to 2800 distinct bacterial, archaeal and viral genomes through PathoScope (PS) and MG-RAST (MR) analyses. We detected 768, 1421, 1819 and 1774 bacterial strains in Group-I, Group-II, Group-III and Group-IV, respectively through PS analysis which were represented by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes and Fibrobacteres phyla (> 93.0% of the total abundances). Simultaneously, 343 archaeal strains were detected, of which 95.90% strains shared across four metagenomes. We identified 43 dominant species including 31 bacterial and 12 archaeal species in AD microbiomes, of which only archaea showed positive correlation with digester pH, CH4 concentration, pressure and temperature (Spearman correlation; r > 0.6, p < 0.01). The indicator species analysis showed that the species Methanosarcina vacuolate, Dehalococcoides mccartyi, Methanosarcina sp. Kolksee and Methanosarcina barkeri were highly specific for energy production. The correlation network analysis showed that different strains of Euryarcheota and Firmicutes phyla exhibited significant correlation (p = 0.021, Kruskal–Wallis test; with a cutoff of 1.0) with the highest level (74.1%) of energy production (Group-IV). In addition, top CH4 producing microbiomes showed increased genomic functional activities related to one carbon and biotin metabolism, oxidative stress, proteolytic pathways, membrane-type-1-matrix-metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) pericellular network, acetyl-CoA production, motility and chemotaxis. Importantly, the physicochemical properties of the AD including pH, CH4 concentration (%), pressure, temperature and environmental temperature were found to be positively correlated with these genomic functional potentials and distribution of ARGs and metal resistance pathways (Spearman correlation; r > 0.5, p < 0.01). This study reveals distinct changes in composition and diversity of the AD microbiomes including different indicator species, and their genomic features that are highly specific for energy production.

scholarly journals Assessment of Outcome of Intrathecal Analgesia in Multiparous Women Undergoing Vaginal Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Sanjay Melville Masih ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Intrathecal Analgesia

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the outcome of intrathecal analgesia in multiparous women undergoing vaginal delivery. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted among 80 multiparous women ages ranged 18- 40 years. All patients received 0.5 ml of intrathecal injection of 2.5 mg bupivacaine 0.5% and 1 ml dexamethasone 4 mg plus a 0.5 ml adjuvant. The adjuvants in group I patients were 100 μg morphine, 25 μg fentanyl in group II, 5 μg dexmedetomidine in group III and normal saline in group IV (control group). The primary and secondary outcome was the duration of pain relief, the analgesia onset time, the maximum level of sensory block, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded. Results: The mean duration of analgesia in group I was 182.4 minutes, in group II was 170.5 minutes, in group III was 200.4 minutes and in group, IV was 140.2 minutes. The onset of analgesia was 3.9 minutes, 2.8 minutes, 2.7 minutes and 4.5 minutes in group I, II, III and IV respectively. S1 sensory regression time (minutes) was 181.4, 157.4, 185.3 and 130.6 in group I, II, III and IV respectively. Modified Bromage scale 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes after IT in all groups was 0.0. VAS was 1.3, 1.6, 1.6 and 3.1 with significant differences in all groups (P< 0.05). There was non- significant difference in mean age, weight, height and gestational age between all groups (P> 0.05). There was a non- significant difference in APGAR 1, 5, umbilical pH immediately after delivery, neonatal HR after 5minute, 15 minutes and 30 minutes in all groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The authors found that dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine-dexamethasone in multiparous women undergoing normal vaginal delivery.

Adaptive dose response pilot study of intravaginal Prostaglandin E2 application in free farrowing sows during parturition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Bill ◽  
Heiko Nathues ◽  
Alexander Grahofer
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Meconium Staining

Abstract Background The duration of birth is an important factor influencing the survival of piglets and the health of sows. A prolonged parturition is usually treated with oxytocin, even though several undesirable side effects are described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of different concentrations as an intravaginal applied gel in sows. MethodsTwelve sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: Group I (control group) application of placebo gel; Group II application of 2.0 mg PGE2; Group III application of 1.0 mg PGE2; Group IV application of 0.5 mg PGE2. The gel was administered intravaginal after the birth of the fourth piglet. Total duration of birth (time between first piglet and last placenta), piglet interval and placenta expulsion duration (time between first and last placenta) were recorded, and each piglet was scored for meconium staining and vitality. Furthermore, stillborn piglets were categorized into ante-partum and intra-partum deaths. Results Although no significant differences between the groups were detected, a beneficial tendency in several parameters was observed in group III. The duration of birth was 284 min (average of 14.3 piglets per litter), whereas in all other groups it was more than 400 min (average of 18.0 piglets per litter). The piglet interval was 10.1 min in group II compared to 10.2 min in group III, 16 min in group IV and 21.4 min in group I. In group III the placenta expulsion duration was 119 min in contrast to the other groups with more than 266 min. Severe meconium staining in more than 10% of piglets was observed in group II and IV. Moreover, piglets of group II showed oedematous and haemorrhagic umbilical cords, lethargy and anoxia, and intra-partum deaths were recorded. Conclusion Although the sample size is limited in this study, it is assumed that an application of 1mg PGE2 intra-partum instead of lower or higher dosages has the most beneficial effects on the birth process in sows and on the vitality of piglets. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the positive effect of PGE2 in daily practise.

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