scholarly journals Aquafeed extrusion (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (25) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
S.V. Braginets ◽  
◽  
O.N. Bakhchevnikov ◽  
V.F. Khlystunov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
New Type ◽  
Extruded Feed

Extrusion is one of the most important technological operations in aquafeed production. Indeed, the digestibility of feed nutrients considerably increases as a result of extrusion. The review deals with the issues of vegetable and animal raw materials processing for aquafeed production through extrusion. The analysis of scientific publications discussing the monitoring subject showed that extrusion of multicomponent mixtures (compound feed) had been studied insufficiently. Research objectives were to generalize and analyze English-language scientific publications containing information on the technologies of compound fish feed extrusion, to clarify the information on the rational parameters of their implementation and the effects on the properties of finished extruded feed. Search, selection, as well as systematic review of highly cited English-language scientific articles on the research subject for the period 2000–2020, were carried out. In the course of the analysis of literary sources, it was detected that the properties of the finished extruded feed were mostly affected by the extrusion temperature, raw material moisture and screw speed. The regularities of changes in the properties of ready-extruded feed granules, as a result of changes in extrusion parameters, have been determined. The results of the analyzed scientific articles made it possible to establish the peculiarities of the extrusion of compound feed for aquaculture based on plant raw materials, in particular starch. We defined the regularities of compound fish feed extrusion containing raw materials with a considerable amount of protein of animal origin, in particular its new type: insects’ biomass. This new type of protein-containing raw materials of animal origin can successfully replace expensive fish meal in the fish feed composition. The essential factor, limiting the application of animal raw materials in fish feed, in particular insects, is its moisture, which should not exceed 30% so that the extrusion process was fully effective. Reducing the feed mixture moisture is possible when combining various types of animal and plant raw materials with high and low moisture. This will ensure the acceptable moisture of the mixture and get the high-quality extruded feed. Aquafeed extrusion is a promising trend. However, it requires additional research to determine the parameters of the extrusion process common to all types of both plant and animal raw materials and their mixtures.

scholarly journals Contemporary issues in fisheries and aquaculture: a review on non – conventional feed ingredients for fish feed in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
R. Audu ◽  
I.A. Yola
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Brewery Wastes ◽  
Animal Consumption

In Africa, Nigeria offers the largest market for fisheries products. Fish culture is gaining importance in Nigeria as locally available raw materials such as yam, plantain, banana, cowpeas, mucuna, maize, cassava, millet, sorghum, groundnut, sunhemp seed and brewery wastes are considered as potential materials for fish feed. Non–conventional feeds are locally available feedstuff which are not standardized and the usage is not widely-spread. In most cases, they are not consumed by man. Sadly, Nigerian economy had depended on imported feedstuffs to supplement the domestic conventional feedstuffs, however, the country is currently looking into a way of improving local feedstuffs production to minimize importation. In Fisheries and Aquaculture, there are many contemporary issues but this paper focuses on the use of non–conventional feed ingredients like Typha flour in fish feed. Several parts of Typha are edible including the rhizome. Research has shown that the plant is rich in energy, carbohydrates, sugars, dietary fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals and water. The competition for the conventional feed ingredients for human and animal consumption has resulted in significant price escalations hence the need for on-going research on alternativeingredients for use in aquafeed. Thus, great attention is given to the production of effective and cheap feed that will benefit fish farmers in Africa because fish feed is very important. Despite the fact that several studies have been done in Nigeria to replace fishmeal with other proteins of plant & animal origin but the results have been range from poor to very good in terms of fish growth and fish conversion efficiency.

scholarly journals Innovative approach to combined healthy food

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012081
Author(s):  
E N Tretyakova ◽  
A G Necheporuk ◽  
V A Babushkin ◽  
I B Kirina ◽  
A G Pershikova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
White Meat ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
New Type

Abstract The paper analyzes the possibility of not only expanding the range of healthy food products, but also reducing its cost due to the combination of natural animal and plant raw materials. The possibility of introducing an innovative approach to the creation of products aimed at healthy nutrition was considered. It was found that the inclusion of plant additives into traditional meat-containing products will not only contribute to high quality products, but also products with increased nutritional and biological value. It was proved that the inclusion of plant ingredients ensures products with functional properties, high physicochemical and organoleptic indices. It was revealed that the proposed technological scheme and formula of a new type of meat-containing semi-product in dough with the introduction of vegetal raw materials will make the product more functional. The obtained results showed that the inclusion of wheat bran, nettle and onions in minced white meat will make it possible to enrich the product with essential nutrients. The obtained results of the study show that the combination of natural and plant raw materials makes it possible to obtain a product with high quality at a low cost aimed at improving the health of large population groups.

scholarly journals FLAVONOIDS FROM THE BUDS OF THE HORSE CHESTNUT (AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kurkin ◽  
Pavel Viktorovich Belov
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time

The buds of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hippocastanaceae family) is a new promising species of medicinal plant raw material. The prospect of studying the buds of this plant is due to the content of flavonoids in them, which have a wide range of pharmacological effects. Flavonoids are interesting for their capillary-strengthening action, which allows them to be used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. This fact is consistent with the practice of using drugs from other organs of horse chestnut (seeds, leaves) as venotonic and angioprotective drugs. In addition, flavonoids are also characterized by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. The actuality of the study of horse chestnut buds as a new type of medicinal plant material is also supported by the need to develop of the new effective and safe drugs based on the raw materials of this plant. The aim of this study was to determine the flavonoid composition of the buds of Aesulus hippocastanum. In the course of the work from the buds of horse chestnut by the method of column chromatography on silica gel L 100/160 was for the first time there were isolated and characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry the flavonoid compounds rhamnocitrin (7-O-methylkaempferol), and accompanying 7,4′-dimethylkaempferol. The dominant and diagnostic significant flavonoid for the horse chestnut buds is rhamnocitrin. The results indicate the prospects for further study of the buds of the horse chestnut as a new type of medicinal plant raw materials.

scholarly journals Pulsatilla alba: analytical review of spread, chemical composition, biological activity and medical application

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Anna Krvavych ◽  
Nataliia Reviakina ◽  
Lesia Zhurakhivska ◽  
Iryna Hubytska ◽  
Roksolana Konechna
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

The object of analytical study is the medicinal plant Pulsatilla alba. This species is rare, the stocks of herbal raw materials are limited, and there are no Pulsatilla alba-based medicines on the Ukrainian market. The aim of study was to analyze and summarize data on the range, content of biologically active compounds and the spectrum of use in pharmacy and medicine Pulsatilla alba. Materials and methods. Literary and electronic sources of information on the distribution, chemical composition and pharmacological activity of Pulsatilla alba. Results. Pulsatilla alba is a plant of the Ranunculaceae family, characterized by a high content of biologically active organic compounds, namely organic acids, traces of alkaloids, vitamins, resinous and tannins, about 20 different macro-and micronutrients, essential oils, γ-lactones, triterpenoids, sterols, chelidonic acid, coumarins, as well as giving it protection status make it an interesting object for research. Analysis of scientific publications revealed that plants of the family Ranunculaceae, in particular, Pulsatilla alba contain a significant amount of biologically active substances, have numerous pharmacological activities, have long been used in folk medicine, and is a promising raw material for the production of phytopreparations. The volume of processing of medicinal plant raw materials in Ukraine in one year is from 5 to 6 thousand tons, the amount of raw materials for export reaches more than 3 thousand tons per year. About 1,000 tons of raw materials consumed in Ukraine are imported and 1,500 tons are domestically produced. Conclusions. Therefore, as populations of rare low-competitive species of the Ranunculaceae family are particularly endangered, displaced by tree, shrub and highly competitive trivial violent herbaceous species due to the widespread use of Pulsatilla alba in folk medicine as an antitumor, hypnotic, hypnotic, antifungal, antifungal research which should be continued

Evaluation of the effectiveness and productive effect of various dry combined feeds on the functional state of aquaculture objects under conditions of recircular systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-63
Author(s):  
Sergey Vladimirovich Ponomarev ◽  
Olga Aleksandrovna Levina ◽  
Aliya Baymuratovna Akhmedzhanova ◽  
Yulia Viktorovna Fedorovykh ◽  
Valery Antonovich Pospelov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Extruded Feed

The shortage of fish feed of domestic production is one of the limiting factors for increasing the volume of fish production. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the use of granulated-extruded feed “BIFFINE” (Russia) in comparison with the extruded feed of the wellknown foreign brand “COPPENS” (the Netherlands) in the cultivation of African clary catfish and a hybrid of tilapia in a closed water supply system. The analysis of fish-breeding and biological indicators, as well as the assessment of the physiological state of the raised fish, was carried out. Comparative analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood serum did not reveal significant differences. The evaluation of the feeding efficiency revealed slightly higher indicators of tilapia growth (p<0.05) and some physiological and biochemical parameters of the blood of the fish group that consumed Russian feed. The results of the study of white blood cells in the blood of the tilapia hybrid showed that the composition of white blood cells is dominated by lymphocytes (80.0–90.0%), monocytes (3.5–5.0%), neutrophils (6.5–11.0%) and basophils (0.5– 1.3%); a significant increase in glucose levels was found, which indicates the activation of the process of digestion of the carbohydrate part of the diet. In juvenile clary catfish, the stimulation of protein and glucose biosynthesis was noted, which indicates the optimization of protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Thus, when feeding fish with feed from different manufacturers, no differences were found in the functional state of the cultivated fish species. The tested brands of mixed feeds have a high nutritional value, which was confirmed by the obtained data of fishbreeding and biological indicators. However, it should be borne in mind that the technology of making mixed feed “BIFFINE” has the following advantage-soft processing of feed components of animal origin with the preservation of the native properties of protein, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and other essential nutrients, and the destruction of starch during hard processing by temperature and pressure to easily digestible carbohydrates, is performed separately.

scholarly journals Powder from chickling vetch valves in the production of functional biscuits

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
A.S. Jaboeva ◽  
Z.S. Dumanisheva ◽  
A.Ch. Toguzaeva ◽  
A.A. Shiritov ◽  
A.D. Thaitlov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Pectin Substances

Currently, it is necessary to search for non-traditional sources of plant raw materials characterized by a high content of indigestible polysaccharides having a beneficial effect on human body functions. One of the rich sources of high-molecular carbohydrates is the chickling vetch valves. The use of a new type of raw material in food production will expand the range of functional food products. The technology of powder from chickling vetch valves is developed, its organoleptic quality indicators are determined and the period of storage in warehouse premises is set. Based on the results of the study of the chemical composition of the powder, it was found that it is a valuable source of fiber, lignin, hemicellulose and pectin substances. It was found that when the powder is introduced into the recipe of biscuits in the amount of 1.1-2.2 % by weight of flour, the best organoleptic and physico-chemical quality indicators of finished products are achieved. It was found that when consuming 100 g of the developed products, the human body’s need for dietary fiber is met by 18.3-23.2 %.

scholarly journals Study of extruded feed from wheat ears during early harvest

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032003
Author(s):  
Yury Lachuga ◽  
Victor Pakhomov ◽  
Sergey Braginets ◽  
Oleg Bakhchevnikov ◽  
Dmitry Rudoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Extruded Feed ◽  
Early Harvest

Abstract The object of the study was an extruded feed made from an undivided grain heap of winter wheat, stripped in the phase of waxy ripeness. The use of this type of inexpensive raw material makes it possible to increase the protein content in feed by 7-8% in comparison with feed based on fully ripe grain. The process of extruding feed based on waxy ripeness wheat ears is satisfactory. It has been established that extruded feed based on a grain heap can be successfully used for feeding farm animals. To use extruded feed from wheat ears harvested in the phase of waxy ripeness, the addition of raw materials of animal origin in an amount of no more than 20% is required for feeding fish, which is less than for feed based on full ripeness wheat grain.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF USING PROTEIN PLANT CONCENTRATES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUND FEEDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Yegorov ◽  
A. Makarynska ◽  
I. Cherneha ◽  
A. Oganesian
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Extruded Feed

In the article the advantages of using grain legumes as protein plant concentrates are analysed, and a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of the pea and the soybean meal is carried out. Besides, the official parameters for different protein products for pig feeding are presented. To determine whether it is possible to introduce protein plant concentrates into compound feed, it is necessary to know their physical properties. So, the physical properties of the protein plant concentrates have been investigated for the following parameters: moisture content, bulk density, angle of repose, and flowability. Methods of introducing protein plant concentrates into compound feeds have been developed and presented. Taking into account the physical properties and norms of introducing protein plant concentrates for farm animals and poultry, a scheme has been developed for a technological line preparing a portion of grain, powdery, mineral raw materials and meals. One of the methods of introducing protein plant concentrates into compound feeds is extrusion. That is why, a technological scheme of an extrusion line for grain legumes has been developed. The technological scheme provides for the extrusion of a soybeans and peas mixture in the ratio 1:1. Also, the physical properties of the extruded feed additive have been studied. With the software package “Korm Optima Expert,” recipes for feeding piglets aged 43–60 days have been calculated (with protein plant concentrates used in the recipes), and some feeds of animal origin have been replaced with extruded feed additives. According to the calculated recipes, an experimental batch of mixed feeds with the use of protein plant concentrates has been manufactured, and its physical properties have been determined.

scholarly journals New varieties of wheat, triticale and spelt grains:Comparative characteristics of milling properties

Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
R. K. Kandrokov ◽  
M. S. Begeulov ◽  
A. N. Tkach ◽  
V. N. Igonin ◽  
E. S. Porechnaya
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
New Type ◽  
Milling Properties

Triticale and spelt grains are non-traditional types of plant raw materials that are promising for expanding the range of everyday products, healthy foods, as well as for the manufacture of food additives. A promising and relevant direction of scientific and practical research is the use of methods of biomechanical impact on the products of processing grain triticale and spelt grain in the form of flour, crumbs and bran to obtain food for general, functional and therapeutic purposes. The aim of the research is a comparative characteristic of the milling properties of new varieties of grain of wheat, triticale and spelt and the possibility of theit using for grinding into flour at existing grain processing enterprises. A comparative characteristic of the cereal-forming ability of new varieties of wheat, triticale and spelt has been carried out and it is revealed that the best cereal-forming ability belongs to the spelt grain of the "Gremme 2 U" variety, equal to 79.8 %, which is 4 % more than that of the wheat grain of the "Timiryazevskaya Jubilee" and 4.8 % of triticale grain of the "Timiryazevskaya 155" variety. It has been found that the highest flour yield under the same grinding regimes is obtained when grinding the grain of a new type of spelt "Gremme 2 U" amounted to 79.3 %. The largest amount of triticale flour of the highest grade T-60 is obtained from triticale grain of the "Timiryazevskaya 155" variety. The grain of wheat "Timiryazevskaya Jubilee" occupies an intermediate position both in terms of the total yield of flour and its quality compared to spelt and triticale. All three given new varieties of various crops have good flour-grinding properties and can be recommended for processing into high-quality bakery flour at flour mills when making grinding mixtures.

scholarly journals Biochemical study of insects used in fish feed for antioxidant activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Anatoly A. Lapin ◽  
◽  
Matvey S. Talan ◽  
Irina S. Dokuchaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Total Antioxidant

The article presents the results of biotechnological studies of insects used in fish feed by antioxidant activity. The problem of raw materials of animal origin for feeding fish is an urgent problem of our time. It is aggravated by the shortage, high cost and unstable quality of substrates that are made on the basis of fish meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, etc. Recently, there has been an increase in research around the world in the search for substitutes for animal feed when growing aquaculture. Orthopteran insects of the cricket species Acheta domesticus are of considerable practical interest as a source of protein and biologically active components necessary for the growth and development of valuable species of fish. Most of the issues related to the technology of growing crickets in artificial conditions and the production of high-quality fodder based on them, remain open today. We chose an optimal diet and identified the most favorable conditions for the breeding of insects in a mini-farm. Studied the qualitative composition of the substrate on the basis of crickets. In order to select the optimal technological regimes for the processing of raw materials on the basis of insects, the total antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of dried crickets, Daphnia magna Straus crustaceans and Gammarus pulex was determined. For crickets, the activity was 6.288 g of rutin, for daphnia 4.219 g of rutin and for gamarus 6.519 g of rutin per 100 g of absolutely dry sample. It was established that all samples, upon drying dry samples to constant weight at 105 oС, lose the total antioxidant activity.

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