scholarly journals Physiological aspects of drought resistance of cherry varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
R.Sh. Zaremuk ◽  
◽  
T.A. Kopnina ◽  
Yu.A. Dolya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Water Holding

There is an abnormal increase in average summer temperature in the southern region (Krasnodar Territory). This, more than ever, actualizes the problem of identifying drought-resistant varieties of fruit crops, including cherry. The purpose of this research was to study the physiological indicators of water regime: loss of water, water-holding capacity, leaf water content, abscisic acid content in leaves of different varieties of Cerasus vulgaris Mill., which determine resistance to temperature stress, as well as to identify the most drought-tolerant varieties to optimize the range of varieties for the south of our country. The studies were carried out in 2018–2019 in the Prikuban fruit-growing zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Sixteen varieties of Cerasus vulgaris Mill. were the objects of the research. Varieties ʻKrasnodarskaya sladkayaʼ and ʻKazachkaʼ served as a control. Planting schemes – 6 × 4 m and 5 × 3 m. Soil – chernozems leached. pHwater – 6.8–7.22. Humus content – 3.47 %. In summer, meteorological conditions were characterized by an abnormal temperature rise (up to 39.3 ℃) and extended periods of drought. Studying of water regime was carried out according to the modified methodology of M. D. Kushnerenko using the gravimetric method. In laboratory experiments, we used the capillary electrophoresis “Kapel 104 P” (power supply with a positive polarity; equipped with a photometric detector; set wavelength – 254 nm). In the course of the research, we revealed that the water content in cherry leaves during the period of the adverse draught (in July) was 57.9 %; in the context of studied cherry varieties, it varied insignificantly (Cv = 4.4 %). For two hours, the loss of water by the leaf apparatus was not high – from 6.5 % to 11.9 % with a low coefficient of variation by varieties (Cv = 1.9 %). The water-holding capacity of leaf tissues was 19.6 %, the range of variability of which was insignificant by varieties (Cv = 18.0–24.2 %). The average content of abscisic acid in cherry leaves was 4.3 mg/kg and varied depending on the studied cherry varieties within the range of 1.5–14.2 mg/kg. According to the complex of physiological indicators of the water regime (low water loss (6.5–7.9 %), high water-holding capacity (19.4–24.2 %) and leaf water content (58.1–61.9 %), as well as increased abscisic acids content (11.0–14.2 mg/kg)), such cherry varieties/cultivars as ʻDuke Ivanovnaʼ, ʻDuke Khodosaʼ, ʻFeyaʼ, ʻMolodezhnayaʼ and ʻErdi Botermoʼ were classified as highly drought-resistant. They are recommended for expanding the range of adaptive cherry varieties/cultivars in the southern part of Russia.

scholarly journals Indicators of the water regime of some varieties of chrysanthemums in the conditions of the South Ural

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Svetlana Galimullovna Denisova ◽  
Antonina Anatolyevna Reut
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
The South ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Water Holding

In introduction studies, it is of great importance to determine how favorable the water balance of the studied species is under given environmental conditions. The aim of the research was to study the water regime of some varieties of chrysanthemums in the conditions of the Southern Ural. The study was conducted in 20182020 on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The objects of the study were 23 varieties of Chrysanthemum hortorum Bailey. In the course of the research, the total water content, water-holding capacity, the content of mobile moisture, water deficit, and sublethal water deficit were determined. The analysis of water regime indicators is based on the method of artificial wilting (V.N. Tarenkov, L.N. Ivanova) and the method of saturation of plant samples (V.P. Moiseev, N.P. Reshetsky). Sublethal water deficit was determined by the method of T.K. Goryshina, L.I. Samsonova, modified by N.I. Bobrovskaya. The calculations were carried out by standard methods using statistical packages of the Microsoft Excel 2003 and the Agros 2.13 program. The studies made it possible to determine the value of the sublethal water deficit (28,4%) for the varieties of chrysanthemums in the conditions of the Bashkir Ural. It was found that the studied varieties during the growing season did not experience such a moisture deficit in the tissues that could lead to irreversible damage to the assimilating organs. Our experiments showed that chrysanthemum varieties in the Bashkir Cis-Ural under the same soil-climatic and agrotechnical conditions had the following range of indicators of total water content 70,090,4% and water-holding capacity 19,0064,6%. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between water-holding capacity and the content of mobile moisture by varieties, the share of influence was 27,8531,71%. As a result of the correlation-regression analysis, the authors revealed a direct dependence of the indicators of mobile moisture content on the total water content, and an inverse one on the indicators of the content of mobile moisture and water-holding capacity.

scholarly journals Water regime parameters in Chrysanthemum

2020 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
S.G. Denisova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Reut ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Water Holding

In introduction studies, it is urgent to determine how favorable the water balance of the species studied is under defined environmental conditions. The research aimed to scrutinize the water regime of Chrysanthemum × hortorum Bailey and select drought-resistant varieties to replenish the range of plants used for floriculture in the Republic of Bashkortostan on grey forest (Haplic Greyzems) loamy soil. The studies were conducted in 2018‒2020. Irrigation frequency – twice a week. After each watering, soil loosening was carried out. One week before sampling for analysis, we stopped watering flowers. Water regime indicators were analyzed according to the method of artificial wilting (V. N. Tarenkov et al. 1990) and methodology of saturation of plant samples (V. P. Moiseev et al. 2009). Sublethal water deficit was determined by the method of T. K. Goryshina et al. 1965 modified by N. I. Bobrovskaya 1971. Observations and analyses were carried out once a month from May to September in the regrowth, budding and flowering phases. The value of the sublethal water deficit was clarified (28.4 %). During the growing season, the varieties did not experience irreversible moisture deficit in the tissues. Chrysanthemum varieties under identical soil-climatic and agrotechnical conditions had the following range of indicators of total water content and water-holding capacity – 70.0‒90.4 % and 19.00‒64.6 %, respectively. It indicates a considerable degree of adaptation. Analysis of variance revealed that varietal differentiation significantly affects the indicators of the water regime; the share of influence varied from 21.17 to 31.72 %. Direct dependence of the indicators of the content of ‘mobile’ moisture on the total water content (y = 0.74x – 21.377) was revealed, as well as the inverse one ‒ the indicators of the content of ‘mobile’ moisture and water-holding capacity (y = 0.74x – 21.377). According to the scale developed by Denisova S. G. and Reut A. A. (2020), four highly drought-tolerant varieties ‘Volny Agideli’, ‘Regina’, ‘Sakmara’, ‘Bardo’ were identified.

scholarly journals Assessment of water-holding capacity of leaves of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. in the conditions of the Zhezkazgan region (the Central Kazakstan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Margarita Ishmuratova ◽  
◽  
Andrey Matveev ◽  
Saltanat Tleukenova ◽  
Assel Zhumina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Industrial Region ◽  
Traditional Irrigation ◽  
Maximum Parameters ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Environmental Importance

The expansion of the existing range of tree crops for the greening of settlements is of practical and environmental importance. In the Zhezkazgan industrial region it is necessary to select plants that are resistant to heat, drought, low temperatures and atmospheric pollution, which limits the species composition. In present article studies are conducted to assess the water content in the leaves of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. during the vegetation season under growing using traditional furrow watering and drip irrigation. The assessment of leaf water content showed maximum parameters in May, a decrease in June and July, and repeated increase in August of 2020–2021. Minimum indicators of water-holding capacity are noted in May, maximum — in June. Leaves of plants grown on drip irrigation had parameters of water-holding capacity 1.3–3.9 % higher than under the traditional irrigation method, which indicates a better moisture supply. In general, the water content of apricot leaves was above 50 %, which shows sufficient water supply. The results showed the resistance of Armeniaca vulgaris plants to heat and drought, so, this species is recommended for use in green construction of the Zhezkazgan industrial region.

scholarly journals Assessment of drought resistance of alfalfa breeding material according to water regime indicators in the South of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
R. A. Vozhehova ◽  
A. V. Tyshchenko ◽  
O. D. Tyshchenko ◽  
O. M. Dymov ◽  
O. O. Piliarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Water Holding

Purpose is to evaluate the plant breeding material of alfalfa by the indices of water metabolism in different conditions of humidification, to determine the patterns of their manifestation, correlation ties between them and drought tolerance, to point out the best material for introduction into the plant breeding process. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. During 2017–2020, 9 populations of alfalfa were studied by the indices of water regime: water content in the tissues, water deficit and water holding capacity of the leaves in the conditions of irrigation and natural humidification. The regularities of their manifestation were determined. By the data on the water content in leaves it was found out that it is high at irrigation (81.88; 79.63; 78.42%) and low (69.20; 70.81; 71.84%) without irrigation. Water content in leaves is closely related with water deficit, but the connection is inverse (r = -0.986 at irrigation and r = -0.863 at natural humidification). Water deficit in the populations was the highest (50.28–29.96–33.0%) in the stress conditions (without irrigation) and decreased in the plants at irrigation to 12.64–17.37–22.04%. Water deficit relates to water holding capacity of leaves: the greater water deficit, the lower water holding capacity. In the irrigated conditions, 13.9 to 17.3% was lost in 2 hours of the leaves wilting and 30.3–34.6% after 8 hours, and 3.78–4.31% in 1 hour. Water holding capacity ranged from 82.7 to 85.9% after 2 hours of the leaves wilting, and 61.6 to 69.7% after 8 hours. In the conditions of natural humidification, in the first 2 hours after wilting, the water content decreased by 8.5–11.7%, after 8 hours – by 16.5–22.6%. Water loss per one hour ranged from 1.78 to 2.84%, 1.5–2.0 times less than in irrigated plants. Water holding capacity was 82.3–91.5 and 77.0–91.5% after 2 and 8 hours, respectively. It was high (90.3–91.5 and 83.4–91.5%) in the following populations: LRH, M.q./M.agr., A.r.d. and M.agr.C. at water loss of 1.78–2.15%. A high inverse connection was found between water loss and water holding capacity after 2 and 8 hours: r = -0.652 and r = -0.963, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship between water holding capacity and drought tolerance (r = 0.597–0.696). High drought tolerance (56.9–58.2%) was recorded in the populations: M.agr.C., M.q./M.agr., LRH and Ram. D. Conclusions. Regularities of changes in tissue water content, deficit and water holding capacity of alfalfa leaves during irrigation and in conditions of natural humidification were revealed. The relationships between water deficit and water holding capacity, water loss and water holding capacity, water hol­ding capacity and drought tolerance were determined. The best populations with high drought tolerance were selected to be introduced into the plant breeding process.

scholarly journals Leaf water content estimation using top-of-canopy airborne hyperspectral data

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 102393
Author(s):  
Rahul Raj ◽  
Jeffrey P. Walker ◽  
Vishal Vinod ◽  
Rohit Pingale ◽  
Balaji Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content

scholarly journals Simulating Heat Stress of Coal Gangue Spontaneous Combustion on Vegetation Using Alfalfa Leaf Water Content Spectral Features as Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2634
Author(s):  
Qiyuan Wang ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Feifei Yang ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Wu Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Spontaneous Combustion ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Stress Assessment ◽  
First Derivative

Vegetation heat-stress assessment in the reclamation areas of coal gangue dumps is of great significance in controlling spontaneous combustion; through a temperature gradient experiment, we collected leaf spectra and water content data on alfalfa. We then obtained the optimal spectral features of appropriate leaf water content indicators through time series analysis, correlation analysis, and Lasso regression analysis. A spectral feature-based long short-term memory (SF-LSTM) model is proposed to estimate alfalfa’s heat stress level; the live fuel moisture content (LFMC) varies significantly with time and has high regularity. Correlation analysis of the raw spectrum, first-derivative spectrum, spectral reflectance indices, and leaf water content data shows that LFMC and spectral data were the most strongly correlated. Combined with Lasso regression analysis, the optimal spectral features were the first-derivative spectral value at 1661 nm (abbreviated as FDS (1661)), RVI (1525,1771), DVI (1412,740), and NDVI (1447,1803). When the classification strategies were divided into three categories and the time sequence length of the spectral features was set to five consecutive monitoring dates, the SF-LSTM model had the highest accuracy in estimating the heat stress level in alfalfa; the results provide an important theoretical basis and technical support for vegetation heat-stress assessment in coal gangue dump reclamation areas.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Silicon and Changes in Water Balance under Drought Stress in Brassica napus var. napus L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Diana Saja-Garbarz ◽  
Agnieszka Ostrowska ◽  
Katarzyna Kaczanowska ◽  
Franciszek Janowiak
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Abscisic Acid Level

The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation of silicon in oilseed rape and to characterize the changes in chosen water balance parameters in response to drought. The following parameters were estimated: water content, osmotic and water potential, evapotranspiration, stomatal conductance and abscisic acid level under optimal and drought conditions. It was shown that oilseed rape plants accumulate silicon after its supplementation to the soil, both in the case of silicon alone and silicon together with iron. It was revealed that silicon (without iron) helps maintain constant water content under optimal conditions. While no silicon influence on osmotic regulation was observed, a transpiration decrease was detected under optimal conditions after silicon application. Under drought, a reduction in stomatal conductance was observed, but it was similar for all plants. The decrease in leaf water content under drought was accompanied by a significant increase in abscisic acid content in leaves of control plants and those treated with silicon together with iron. To sum up, under certain conditions, silicon is accumulated even in non-accumulator species, such as oilseed rape, and presumably improves water uptake under drought stress.

Spectral assessments of wheat plants grown in pots and containers under saline conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Hackl ◽  
Bodo Mistele ◽  
Yuncai Hu ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Spectral Sensing ◽  
Reflectance Ratio

Spectral measurements allow fast nondestructive assessment of plant traits under controlled greenhouse and close-to-field conditions. Field crop stands differ from pot-grown plants, which may affect the ability to assess stress-related traits by nondestructive high-throughput measurements. This study analysed the potential to detect salt stress-related traits of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars grown in pots or in a close-to-field container platform. In two experiments, selected spectral indices assessed by active and passive spectral sensing were related to the fresh weight of the aboveground biomass, the water content of the aboveground biomass, the leaf water potential and the relative leaf water content of two cultivars with different salt tolerance. The traits were better ascertained by spectral sensing of container-grown plants compared with pot-grown plants. This may be due to a decreased match between the sensors’ footprint and the plant area of the pot-grown plants, which was further characterised by enhanced senescence of lower leaves. The reflectance ratio R760 : R670, the normalised difference vegetation index and the reflectance ratio R780 : R550 spectral indices were the best indices and were significantly related to the fresh weight, the water content of the aboveground biomass and the water potential of the youngest fully developed leaf. Passive sensors delivered similar relationships to active sensors. Across all treatments, both cultivars were successfully differentiated using either destructively or nondestructively assessed parameters. Although spectral sensors provide fast and qualitatively good assessments of the traits of salt-stressed plants, further research is required to describe the potential and limitations of spectral sensing.

Effect of dust deposition on spectrum-based estimation of leaf water content in urban plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenpeng Lin ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Shiqiang Du ◽  
Yuanfan Zheng ◽  
Jun Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Dust Deposition
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