Societal obstacles to Selling and Buying Quiet

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 4184-4188
Author(s):  
David Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Hearing Conservation ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Engineering Work ◽  
Financial Impacts ◽  
Speech Interference

The desire for a quieter environment, office, or workplace is nearly universal. The technology exists to accurately measure noise emission and estimate the health, functional, and financial impacts on hearing conservation, speech interference, and residential or workplace comfort. Several useful methods for labelling of noise emission have been proposed over the years. Government regulations for certain classes of equipment are already in place in some countries. Why then after several decades of concerted effort is "Selling and Buying Quiet" not commonplace? It may be that the fault lies neither with the quality of the engineering work nor the existence or lack of regulation. Instead, a complex of societal factors including confusion, misinformation, denial, and cognitive dissonance effectively undercut any program. This paper will discuss the societal factors opposing the success of "Selling and Buying Quiet", as experienced by the author, along with some possible approaches for increasing the recognition of noise control engineering in the future.

scholarly journals Tratamento hemodialítico e seus impactos financeiros no nordeste do brasil

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edison Vitório de Souza Júnior ◽  
Gabriele Da Silva Santos ◽  
Amélia Letícia Oliveira de Jesus ◽  
Débora Fraga de Souza ◽  
Tayná Freitas Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Renal Dialysis ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Basic Care ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Public Costs ◽  
Financial Impacts

Objetivo: averiguar os registros sobre a realização de tratamento hemodialítico e seus impactos financeiros no Nordeste do Brasil, entre 2014 e 2017. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo e ecológico, com dados do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais. Selecionou-se as opções referentes à hemodiálise, resultando em oito tipos de procedimentos. Analisaram-se os dados por meio de estatística descritiva simples que se apresentaram em tabelas. Resultados: realizaram-se 11.837.165 procedimentos hemodialíticos. Evidenciou-se maior prevalência de hemodiálise na Bahia (24,6%) e em caráter eletivo (97,9%). Destaca-se, ainda, o impacto financeiro superior a R$ 2,2 bilhões, maior prevalência de ônus na Bahia (24,6%) e o procedimento realizado na modalidade de no máximo três vezes por semana responsabilizou-se por 93,6% do total dos custos. Conclusão: conclui-se que, houve comportamento crescente na realização de hemodiálises, implicando no incremento dos custos públicos e tornando-se um fardo econômico para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Ressalta-se que, esse estudo fornece subsídios para incentivar a adesão, o fortalecimento e valorização da Atenção Básica, especialmente em relação ao aumento da qualidade assistencial aos usuários com fatores de risco. Descritores: Epidemiologia; Saúde Pública; Nefrologia; Diálise Renal; Custos de Cuidados de Saúde; Custos e Análise de Custo. Abstract Objective: to analyze the records on the accomplishment of hemodialysis treatment and its financial impacts in Northeast Brazil, between 2014 and 2017. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive and ecological study, with data from the Outpatient Information System. The options related to hemodialysis were selected, resulting in eight types of procedures. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive and simple statistics and presented as tables. Results: there were 11,837,165 hemodialysis procedures. There was higher prevalence of hemodialysis in Bahia (24.6%) and in elective character (97.9%). Moreover, the financial impact exceeding R$ 2.2 billion, higher prevalence of burden in Bahia (24.6%) and the procedure carried out up to three times per week are responsible for 93.6% of the total costs. Conclusion: there was a growing behavior in the number of hemodialysis procedures, implying increased public costs and becoming an economic burden for the Unified Health System. This study provides subsidies to encourage the adherence, strengthening and enhancement of Basic Care, especially in relation to the increased quality of care to users with risk factors. Descritores:  Epidemiology; Public Health; Nephrology; Renal Dialysis; Healthcare Costs; Costs and Cost Analysis. Resumen Objetivo: analizar los registros sobre la realización de tratamiento de hemodiálisis y sus repercusiones financieras en el noreste de Brasil, entre 2014 y 2017. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y ecológico, con datos del Sistema de Informaciones Ambulatorias. Se seleccionaron las opciones relacionadas con la hemodiálisis, resultando en ocho tipos de procedimientos. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y sencilla y presentados en tablas. Resultados: fueron realizados 11,837,165 procedimientos hemodialíticos. Se observó una mayor prevalencia de la hemodiálisis en Bahia (24,6%) y en el carácter electivo (97,9%). Además, el impacto financiero superior a los R$ 2,2 mil millones, mayor prevalencia de carga en Bahia (24,6%) y el procedimiento realizado en un máximo de tres veces por semana fueron responsables de 93,6% de los costos totales. Conclusión: se concluye que hubo un comportamiento creciente en la realización de hemodiálises, implicando el aumento de los gastos públicos y convirtiéndose en una carga económica para el Sistema Único de Salud. Cabe destacar que este estudio proporciona subvenciones para fomentar la adhesión, el fortalecimiento y la mejora de los cuidados básicos, especialmente en relación con el aumento de la calidad de la atención a usuarios con factores de riesgo. Descriptores: Epidemiología; Salud Pública; Nefrología; Diálisis Renal; Costos de la Atención en Salud; Costos y Análisis de Costo.

scholarly journals Cadastral Surveyor in Land Registration System in Indonesia: A Current Developments

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azis Djabbarudin
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Physical Data ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
A Current ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The spearhead of collecting physical data in the process of land registration is the measurement activity carried out by the measurement officer or known as the Cadaster Surveyor. Cadastral measurement is the main activity that determines the quality of land data. One of the guarantees of legal certainty in land registration is the assurance of certainty of physical data consisting of data on the location of boundaries and area of land. This research is a descriptive qualitative normative juridical law study which analyzes the study of legal changes related to the role and expansion of the cadastral surveyor's authority in the land registration system. In an effort to realize the accuracy of physical data in the form of the location and size of land parcels to accelerate land registration and land services, it is necessary to expand the authority and a strong legal umbrella. The authority according to the prevailing laws and regulations is very limited. To extend the licensed surveyor's authority as a form of community participation in the land registration system, there are several strategic steps that must be taken, one of which is the change / revision of legislation related to the land registration system, namely the need for new articles or the addition of new paragraphs in certain articles on The Basic Agrarian Law and Government Regulations regarding land registration.

scholarly journals PERAN MAKSUD DIDALAM DISONANSI KOGNITIF PESERTA PELATIHAN VOKASIONAL RENCANA USAHA DAN MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN KSM BINAAN BDC SRIWIJAYA PALEMBANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-105
Author(s):  
Ellys Thoyib ◽  
Lily Rahmawati Harahap ◽  
R.Y. Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Positive Intention ◽  
Foster Father ◽  
Very High

This study aims to determine the role of intention in cognitive dissonance among 70 participants in vocational training on business plan and financial management of micro small entrepreneurs in independent community groups (KSM) producers of pempek, kemplang kerupuk, jumputan, tajung, blongket and songket. The hope is to change the mindset of participants in traditional financial management into accountable financial management. This knowledge is a stimulus that will stimulate the intention, to be a strong predictor of forming attitudes and expected behavior. It turns out that after 4 months of training, only 5% of the participants implemented this material, while 95% did not. The results of the study of the authors obtained data that the positive intention in the cognitive system of participants is very high, ranging from 74% to 97%. There has been a cognitive dissonance in the participants' attitudes and behavior.So it can be concluded that positive intentions can be in line with attitudes and behaviors but may not, this can happen because there is no strong role from external elements, such as limited market prospects and channeling around them, capital and financial management have not been effective, quality of management and HR is not yet committed, the role of BDC as a coach is not optimal, it should be able to play an active role as the foster father of KSM.

scholarly journals Análisis de las actitudes hacia la actividad minera en la comunidad de Combayo, región Cajamarca

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Physical Wellbeing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Bienestar Psicologico

Análisis de las actitudes hacia la actividad minera en la comunidad de Combayo, región Cajamarca Analysis of attitudes towards the mining activity in Combayo’s community, Cajamarca Region Jorge L. Vásquez pacheco Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega Empresa de Servicios Organizacionales, Educativos y Comunitarios Green planet DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2010.0026/ RESUMEN Estudio de tipo descriptivo que aplica la metodología transversal mediante una escala original de actitudes, tipo Likert, compuesta inicialmente de 32 reactivos, reducidos a 29 ítems tras el análisis estadístico por medio de la correlación item-test. Dicha escala obtuvo un coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de ,938, determinando así su consistencia y su validez para el propósito del presente estudio. Los participantes fueron 120 pobladores oriundos de la comunidad de Combayo, región Cajamarca, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 18 a 60 años (hombres y mujeres), elegidos al azar. No se dio preferencia a uno u otro sexo y todas las dudas fueron resueltas de manera personalizada. Asimismo, tras la aplicación del instrumento se realizaron entrevistas breves a un subgrupo (30) elegido de manera aleatoria con el fin de complementar y contrastar la información obtenida y conocer así si el comunero de Combayo fundamenta la posición que asume. Se obtuvieron cinco factores: calidad de vida, desarrollo comunal, prospección comunal, bienestar psicológico y bienestar físico, cuyos indicadores han permitido establecer los niveles de aprobación respecto a la actividad minera, con los siguientes resultados: para el 80%, la actividad minera es desfavorable; para el 14%, la actividad minera es favorable; mientras que para el 6%, la influencia de la actividad minera le resulta neutral. Se concluye que a pesar de la actitud desfavorable hacia la actividad minera en su comunidad, los pobladores la aceptan a nivel conductual, pues mediante las entrevistas se pudo conocer que en general percibían que dicha actividad podía contribuir a su bienestar pero a costa de su calidad de vida (primer factor), siendo mayor la consideración (puntajes de las medias aritméticas) que tienen respecto al desarrollo de su comunidad (segundo factor), la prospección comunal (tercer factor), el bienestar psicológico (cuarto factor) y el bienestar físico (quinto factor). Sin embargo, dicha consideración disminuye respecto a factores contribuyentes a mejorar su calidad de vida. De esta expresión se puede notar que los comuneros de Combayo tienen mayor interés por la obtención de resultados a corto plazo y de satisfacción inmediata respecto a los beneficios que esperan obtener del desarrollo de actividades mineras en su comunidad, lo cual evidencia la presencia de una disonancia cognitiva en dicha comunidad, puesto que estarían reconociendo sus necesidades y también el costo de satisfacer las mismas. Descriptores: actitud, actividad minera, comunidad, disonancia cognitiva. ABSTRACT This is a descriptive study that applies a cross research methodology through the application of an original scale of attitudes, likert like, composed originally of 32 reagents, reduced to 29 items after the statistical analysis through the item-test correlation. The scale obtained a cronbach alpha coefficient of, 938 thereby determining the consistency and validity for the purpose of this study. The participants were 120 people natives from the combayo’s community, region cajamarca, ranging in age from 18 to 60 years (men and women) selected randomly. no preference was given to any gender and all doubts were resolved in an individual manner. also, after application of the instrument brief interviews were conducted with a subgroup (30) randomly chosen in order to complement and contrast the information obtained, thus disclosing whether the villager from combayo has a basis for the position taken. We looked into five factors: Quality of life, community development, community prospecting, psychological wellbeing, and physical wellbeing. Where indicators serve to establish approval levels on mining, with the following results: For 80% of the subjects mining is unfavorable, for 14% of the subjects mining is favorable, and for 6% of the subjects the influence of mining is neutral. We conclude that despite the negative attitude towards mining in this community, residents accept it since they generally perceived that this activity could contribute to their welfare but at the cost of their quality of life (First Factor), but it is of their greater consideration (scores of arithmetic mean) the development of their community (second factor), the communal prospects (third factor), the psychological wellbeing (fourth factor), and physical wellbeing (Fifth Factor). nevertheless, such consideration falls on contributing to improve their quality of life. one can see that the commoners of combayo are more interested in obtaining short-term results and immediate satisfaction regarding the benefits expected from the development of mining activities in their community, which shows the presence of cognitive dissonance in that community since they would be recognizing their needs and also the cost of meeting them. Keywords: attitude, mining activity, community, cognitive dissonance.

scholarly journals Evaluating the implementation fidelity of a community-based intervention to promote hearing conservation among farm and rural youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie McCullagh ◽  
Michael A Cohen ◽  
Madison Koval ◽  
Elizabeth Haberkorn ◽  
Michelle Wood
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Hearing Conservation ◽  
Quality Of Instruction ◽  
Community Volunteers

Abstract Noise-induced hearing loss is common among farm and rural youth. There is a lack of programs preparing this high-risk population to use hearing conservation strategies. Safety Days are 1-day workshops that teach 100,000 rural children safe farm practices in 400 sites across the USA annually. As part of a larger study for fourth graders, a hearing conservation lesson was delivered at 25 sites nationwide. However, the fidelity to the study-designed curriculum and quality of instruction was unknown. We examined whether community volunteers are capable of delivering, with adequate fidelity and quality, a planned intervention designed to increase use of hearing conservation strategies among farm and rural youth. We invited instructors (n = 22) to deliver a health lesson to fourth graders and provide lesson recordings. We developed instruments rating (i) fidelity of the teaching to the curriculum and (ii) quality of instruction. Initial instruments were modified based on the review for clarity, relevance, and conceptual fit; inter-rater reliabilities were .90 (content fidelity) and 1.00 (quality of instruction). Of seven recordings reviewed, mean fidelity to the planned curriculum was 1.51 (max score = 2), with nearly four fifths of lesson items fully addressed. Overall mean of rating of quality of instruction was 1.97 (out of 2). Fidelity to both content and quality of instruction was high. Results provide a model and support for use of community volunteers (with no special educational or experiential background) and fidelity testing as cost-effective strategies to provide sustainable programming for hearing conservation among farm and rural youth.

Learning and Legitimacy

1966 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Merelman
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Public ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dissonance Theory ◽  
Relationship Of

This paper examines the theory of political legitimacy through the framework of psychological learning theory and the theory of cognitive dissonance. The concepts of primary and secondary reinforcement in cases of learning permit a general understanding of the growth of positive affect toward a political system. Cognitive dissonance theory allows us to understand how this general positive affect built up by a regime's actions produces the sub-set of attitudes called political legitimacy. In order to build a theory of political legitimacy on these foundations, it is necessary to conceive of government policy-making as a case of producing successful learning throughout a population.The diffuse, largely irrational nature of political legitimacy has made it difficult for political scientists to handle the concept systematically. That systems are or are not “legitimate” has been asserted numerous times, though often the precise definition of legitimacy employed has been at best vague and the indices of legitimacy unclearly stated. This paper attempts to meet the problem by setting forth a theory and a set of implicit indices of political legitimacy. After the general model has been explicated, I will specify several problems in the manipulation of political legitimacy. Finally, I will look at the relationship of governmental structure to these problems.Before consideration of the model two preliminary tasks must be performed: a definition of legitimacy and justification for discussing it. We may define political legitimacy as the quality of “oughtness” that is perceived by the public to inhere in a political regime.

scholarly journals Modifications of Surgical Suction Tip Geometry for Flow Optimisation: Influence on Suction-Induced Noise Pollution

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Friedrich ◽  
T. Tirilomis ◽  
J. M. Kollmeier ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
G. G. Hanekop
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Acoustic Quality ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Secondary Air

Introduction. Suction devices for clearing the surgical field are among the most commonly used tools of every surgeon because a better view of the surgical field is essential. Forced suction may produce disturbingly loud noise, which acts as a nonnegligible stressor. Especially, in emergency situations with heavy bleeding, this loud noise has been described as an impeding factor in the medical decision-making process. In addition, there are reports of inner ear damage in patients due to suction noises during operations in the head area. These problems have not been solved yet. The purpose of this study was to analyse flow-dependent suction noise effects of different surgical suction tips. Furthermore, we developed design improvements to these devices.Methods. We compared five different geometries of suction tips using an in vitro standardised setup. Two commercially available standard suction tips were compared to three adapted new devices regarding their flow-dependent (10–2000 mL/min) noise emission (dB, weighting filter (A), distance 10 cm) and acoustic quality of resulting noises (Hamilton fast Fourier analysis) during active suction at the liquid-air boundary. Noise maps at different flow rates were created for all five suction devices, and the proportion of extracted air was measured. The geometries of the three custom-made suction tips (new models 1, 2, and 3) were designed considering the insights after determining the key characteristics of the two standard suction models.Results. The geometry of a suction device tip has significant impact on its noise emission. For the standard models, the frequency spectrum at higher flow rates significantly changes to high-frequency noise patterns (>3 kHz). A number of small side holes designed to prevent tissue adhesion lead to increased levels of high-frequency noise. Due to modifications of the tip geometry in our new models, we are able to achieve a highly significant reduction of noise level at low flow rates (new model 2 vs. standard modelsp<0.001) and also the acoustic quality improved. Additionally, we attain a highly significant reduction of secondary air intake (new model 2 vs. the other modelsp<0.001).Conclusion. Improving flow-relevant features of the geometry of suction heads is a suitable way to reduce noise emissions. Optimized suction tips are significantly quieter. This may help us to reduce noise-induced hearing damage in patients as well as stress of medical staff during surgery and should lead to quieter operation theatres overall. Furthermore, the turbulence reduction and reduced secondary air intake during the suction process are expected to result in protective effects on the collected blood and thus could improve the quality of autologous blood retransfusions. We are on the way to evaluate potential benefits.

scholarly journals Application of virtual and augmented reality in automotive

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Čujan ◽  
Gabriel Fedorko ◽  
Nikoleta Mikušová
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Engineering Work ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality ◽  
Quality Of Products

AbstractNowadays, virtual reality enters engineering work. It is widely used in various sectors. It brings new possibilities that result is increasing of productivity and reliability of production, quality of products and processes. One of the areas where virtual reality has been used more and more is logistics. Virtual reality and especially augmented reality offer above all in the area of logistics a perspective related with increasing of effectiveness of processes.Wide possibilities for virtual reality use in logistics can be found in the automotive industry. The paper describes an application of the method of video-mapping in storage logistics. The paper also describes its practical use as a tool for increasing the efficiency of logistics processes, which was presented by a reduction of the processing time of the shipment picking by 10%. The paper also points out the possibilities for applying this method in other industrial areas, it is possible to use the experience gained in automotive and described in this paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document