scholarly journals Preclinical toxicological evaluation of Aloe vera health drinks in wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
P Sudhakar ◽  
V Vinoth Prabhu ◽  
B Jamuna ◽  
R.S Adithya ◽  
Lakshmi Soman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wbc Count

Human consumption of Aloe vera as a beverage has recently increased in popularity. These benefits are controversial with some sources pointing out that the putative effects of aloe are unsupported by clinical studies; it is important that marketed products be tested for toxicities following oral consumption. Hence this study was designed to evaluate the toxicological effect of marketed aloe health drinks. Thirty either sex Wistar rats (200-300gm) were enrolled in this study and are divided into 5 groups. Group I receives Normal saline serves as vehicle control, Group II and III receives Product A- Low dose (0.5 ml twice daily, p.o) and High dose (1.0 ml twice daily, p.o) respectively. Group IV and V receives Product B- Low dose (0.5 ml twice daily, p.o) and High dose (1.0 ml twice daily, p.o) respectively. Weekly body weight and daily feed intake were measured. On 28th day total urine output volume, faecal consistency, Haematological, biochemical, and organ weight were measured to assess the toxicity of aloe health drinks. The result of this study shows that continuous usage of aloe health drinks showed milder weight reduction, significant improvement in erythropoiesis also it increases the WBC count and increases the weight of spleen it may confirm the immune modulatory effect of aloe health drink. At the higher doses, it increased the SGOT, SGPT, serum urea and creatinine it may lead to the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In gastrointestinal tract on prolonged uses, it produced few lesions and diarrhoea. It might be concluded that prolonged consumption of unprocessed aloe health drink contains latex, an ingredient which has many health risks associated with it. So it can aggravate health problems.

scholarly journals Aloe Vera Protects Fluoride Induced Teratogenic Effects During Pre- and Postnatal Development in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Mathur ◽  
Shilpa Choudhary ◽  
Pradeep Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Group I

Abstract Pregnancy and feto-gestational toxicities on exposure to fluoride (F) and its possible amelioration on co-administration with Aloe-vera were studied in pregnant Swiss albino mice. Once the confirmed pregnancy was tested, animals were equally divided into four groups and were given following treatment. Group I was given no treatment and served as Control, Group II and III were administered sodium fluoride, 100 and 300 ppm respectively while group IV was co-administered with sodium fluoride, 300 ppm and Aloe-vera (300mg/kg) daily for 14 days prior to gestation and continued till the 18th day of gestation. Animals were sacrificed `on the 19th day of gestation for prenatal observations. Maternal body weight, the gravid uterine weight, number of corpora lutea in both the ovaries, number of implantations and resorptions, number of live (mature and immature ) male and female fetuses as well as number of dead fetuses were examined in each dam. The treatment continued in another set of animals till the completion of weaning period to observe postnatal changes due to test substances on the mother and pups. Sodium fluoride treated animals showed morphometric and skeletal changes which were more pronounced in the high dose group showing significantly decreased body weight gain in pregnant mothers; and dead/immature fetuses. Morphometric changes included open eyelids, limb defects, wrinkles on whole body, anophthalmias, pulmonary edema, enlarged esophagus and decreased body weight of fetuses and pups. Alizarin prepared skeletal structures of fetuses of such female mice showed delayed ossification or bending in number of bones of skull, thoracic and limb regions. However, concomitant exposure to Sodium Fluoride and Aloe-vera treated animals, there was a marked improvement in all the prenatal and postnatal variables. The study suggests that Sodium fluoride at the high concentrations may be teratogenic while co-administration of Aloe-vera during fluoride exposure might be beneficial in reducing these toxic effects. We thus recommend use of aloe vera as preventive agent or as a complimentary agent during fluoride treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of Methanol Seed Extract of Aframomum melegueta (Alligator Pepper) on Wistar Rats with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Induced Hemolytic Anemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damilola A. Omoboyowa ◽  
Agha O. Aja ◽  
Florence Eluu ◽  
Kerian C. Ngobidi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wbc Count

The prevalence of parasitic infections such as malaria, which leads to decrease in hematological indices, the major cause of anemia, constitutes a serious health challenge in many developing countries such as Nigeria. This study investigated the effect of methanol seed extract of Aframomum melegueta on selected hematological indices of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH)-induced anemic rats model. The toxicity study and qualitative phytochemical screening of the extract were carried out using standard procedure. Twenty Wistar rats were grouped into five of four rats each (n = 4). Group I: Normal control; Group II: Negative control; Group III: administered 20 ml/kg b.w. of Astifer (Standard drug); Group IV and V were administered 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of the extract, respectively. The animals of Groups II to V were induced with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (20 mg/kg b.w.) once daily for seven consecutive days; their blood samples were collected by ocular puncture into heparinized capillary tubes for hematological analysis and animals with packed cell volume (PCV) ≥ 30% reduction were considered anemic for the study. The result of the qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that the methanol extract tested positive to alkaloids, carbohydrate, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones. Acute toxicity and lethality studies on methanol extract showed an oral LD50 equal or less than 5000 mg/kg b.w. in mice. The rats administered 20 ml/kg b.w. of Astifer showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in PCV, hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, and neutrophils count compared with the normal control animals. The rats administered 200 mg/kg b.w. of A. melegueta showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher PCV and WBC count; non significant (P > 0.05) decrease in hemoglobin count, RBC, platelet, neutrophils and lymphocyte count compared with the normal control animals. The rats administered 400 mg/kg b.w. of A. melegueta showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in hemoglobin, platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and neutrophils count; non significant (P > 0.05) lower PCV, RBC, WBC count, and lymphocyte count compared with anemic rats administered with 0.3 ml of normal saline. It can be concluded that Aframomum melegueta seed has beneficial immunological and hematological properties in Wistar rats and possessed erythropoietic potentials at minimal dose that support its use for treating anemia.

scholarly journals The Teratogenic Mechanism of Echinochrome as a Hypoglycemic Agent on Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Ayman S. Mohamed ◽  
Eman Y. Salah EL Din ◽  
Neveen A. Farag ◽  
Abdel Rahman A. Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agent ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Group Control Group

Background: Echinochrome (Ech) is the active ingredient in the Histochrome drug, which possesses strong antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activity. Objective: The present work aimed to characterize the malformations induced by moderate and high dose of Ech during pregnancy. Methods: In this study, eighteen (18) female pregnant rats were assigned into 3 groups (6 rats/ group); control group, low dose Ech (0.1 mg/kg) and high dose Ech (1 mg/kg). Results: The high dose of Ech caused a significant decrease in the number of embryos, uteri weight, body weight gain, placenta weight, and embryo weight and length. Also, the high dose led to a significant increase in serum AST, ALT, ALP, urea and uric acid of mothers. Conclusion: Our findings revealed the first teratogenic effects of high dose Ech. The teratogenic mechanism of Ech works through induction of the hypoglycemic condition in pregnant rats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the toxic influence of vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) and treatment with aqueous extracts of cinnamon or anise on lipid profile and liver functions of female wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Sabah Ibrahim ◽  
Murwan Sabahelkhier
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Better Than

The toxic effects of vitamin E and its treatment with aqueous extracts of Cinnamon or anise on lipid profile and liver functions of female wistar rats were examined for six weeks during September 2016 at labs in al-Neelain University. 18 rats were divided into six groups: 1. negative control group (sunflower oil), 2. Positive control group and rest groups given (1500 mg/Kg/BW/day of Vitamin E). After two hours, the four treated groups received a low dose (2.13g/Kg) and a high dose (3.20g/Kg) 20g/Kg from Cinnamon aqueous extract (CAE) and Anise aqueous extract (AAE). At the end rats were sacrificed then serum and liver tissues were analyzed. Vitamin E toxic dose had caused a significant increase in serum Triglycerides (TG), Alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels, while it decreased the levels of High-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC) and Aspartate amino transferase (AST). All treatments decreased TG and ALT levels. CAE low dose significantly increased TC, LDL and HDL levels. CAE high dose caused a significant decrease in AST, TC, and LDL. Both doses of AAE, caused significant increases on AST levels, and only anise low dose caused a significant decrease on TC and LDL levels. Vitamin E toxic dose caused severe fatty change in liver histology, which was near normal in both doses of CAE with a small necrosis in a low dose. Only AAE low dose normalized the liver. To conclude Vitamin E oral administration with a dose of (1500 mg/Kg) induced liver injury with an elevation in ALT and TG levels, which was significantly ameliorated by both treatments. Cinnamon was better than anise in ameliorating the toxicity. Cinnamon high dose was better than Cinnamon low dose; in contrast anise low dose was better than Anise high dose.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Histopathological Studies of Key Tissues in Healthy Male Wistar Rats Fed on African Yam Bean Seed and Tuber Meals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Omena Bernard Ojuederie ◽  
John Adebayo Ajiboye ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
African Yam Bean ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Food insecurity and malnutrition are currently major issues affecting most developing countries, especially on the African continent. To mitigate this effect, focus is being given to orphan or underutilized crops with immense potentials to boost food and nutrition security in Africa, such as the African yam bean (AYB) Sphenostylis stenocarpa. The effect of AYB seed and tuber meals on the tissues of the kidney, liver, and testis of healthy male Wistar rats were investigated in this study. Four accessions of AYB were used for this study, TSs 107, TSs 140, AYB 45, and AYB 57. Thirty rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 6). Group I was fed on standard pelletized rat chow (control), Group II fed on 50% seed meal, Group III fed on 100% seed meal, Group IV fed on 50% tuber meal, and Group-V fed on 100% tuber meal. At the end of the treatments, the animals were sacrificed after 72 h under light ether anesthesia, and biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on the tissues. Phytate concentration was higher in the seeds (TSs140 (550 mg 100g−1), AYB45 (460 mg 100g−1), and AYB57 (485 mg 100g−1)) compared to the tubers (TSs140 (14.8 mg 100g−1), AYB 45 (275 mg 100g−1), and AYB57 (240 mg 100g−1)). The consumption of 100% unprocessed AYB seeds caused liver and kidney damage in rats due to increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (5.04 ± 1.62 U L−I), alanine aminotransferase (8.46 ± 2.43 U L−I), and lipid peroxidation (0.27 ± 0.02-unit mg−1protein). AYB tubers were innocuous to Wistar rats investigated. Good processing of AYB seeds is required for safe consumption by humans and livestock. This study has shown that tubers of AYB are safe for human consumption and should be utilized in meals as it contains fewer antinutrients and had no significant effect on the tissues examined in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Diosmin Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Injury via Modulation of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Hepatic Inflammation and Apoptosis via NfkB and MAPK Pathway: A Preclinical Study

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1998
Author(s):  
Abdullah F. AlAsmari ◽  
Metab Alharbi ◽  
Faleh Alqahtani ◽  
Fawaz Alasmari ◽  
Mohammed AlSwayyed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pre Treatment

Hepatotoxicity caused by chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin) is of critical concern in cancer therapy. This study focused on investigating the modulatory effects of diosmin against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I was served as control, Group II was treated with doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.), Group III was treated with a combination of doxorubicin and low-dose diosmin (100 mg/kg orally), and Group IV was treated with a combination of doxorubicin and high-dose diosmin (200 mg/kg orally) supplementation. A single dose of doxorubicin (i.p.) caused hepatic impairment, as shown by increases in the concentrations of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Doxorubicin produced histological abnormalities in the liver. In addition, a single injection of doxorubicin increased lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Importantly, pre-treatment with diosmin restored hepatic antioxidant factors and serum enzymatic activities and reduced the inflammatory and apoptotic-mediated proteins and genes. These findings demonstrate that diosmin has a protective effect against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Monosodium Glutamate Maintains Antioxidant Balance in the Neuro-Retinal Axis of Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Nalugo ◽  
Herbert Izo Ninsiima ◽  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Ritah Nabirumbi ◽  
Lawrence Obado Osuwat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Purpose Information on monosodium glutamate (MSG) safety in the eye-brain axis remains scarce. The objective of the study was to establish changes in calcium (Ca2+) concentrations, catalase activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and identify any major histological changes associated with parenteral and feed supplementation of MSG in male Wistar rats. This is important to guide policy on human consumption of food additives.Methods Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6) for a period of one month. Group I and IV were treated with MSG 6g/kg and 60 mg/kg subcutaneous, while groups II and III at 5% and 2% MSG feed supplement. Group V was the control group treated with normal saline (no MSG). The eye and brain were analyzed for Ca2+, catalase, MDA levels and histological analysis was done using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.Results Calcium levels in the eye was reduced at high (6g/kg/day and 5% s.c) MSG treatments while in the brain these remained constant. Since Ca2+ plays a crucial role in catalase activity, levels of catalase were not affected in eye-brain axis. MDA levels were elevated at high MSG treatments and no structural changes in the retina of the eye and no damage were found in the brain.Conclusion MSG maintained catalase levels, Ca2+ and no structural changes were observed in the eye and brain.

Histomorphometric Alterations in Hepatic Tissue from Malathion-Induced Toxicity: An Experimental Animal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
Shazia Parveen Channar ◽  
Nasreen Qazi ◽  
Sajjad Ali Almani ◽  
Sehar Gul Memon ◽  
Mansoor Mukhtar Qazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Malathion, a widely used insecticide readily absorbed through skin and seriously affects different tissues and organs of the body. The main objective of this study was to compare the histomorphometric alterations resulting from hazardous effects of different doses of Malathion on hepatic tissue of male albino Wistar rats. Material and Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Postgraduate Research Laboratory at the Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan from February to July 2019. Thirty male albino Wistar rats between 250-300 grams weight were distributed equally into group A (control), group B (low-dose Malathion group; 27mg/kg 1/50 of LD50), and group C (high-dose Malathion group; 50mg/kg). Bodyweight of all rats was taken twice, before and after the experiment. The liver was dissected out, washed and weighed. Histopathological examination was done under the light microscope. Grading was done for severity in histopathological changes in each group. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey test for comparison with the level of significance set at P-value ≤ .05. Results: Statistically significant (P < .05) decline in body weight was observed in groups B and C in comparison with group A. The relative weight of the liver was increased significantly (P < .05) in the experimental groups, when compared with the control group. Mild-to-moderate histopathological changes were observed in the low-dose Malathion group (Group B) while moderate-to-severe histopathological changes were demonstrated in the high-dose group (Group C). Conclusions: Malathion is a potent toxic pesticide and its exposure can exhibit damage to the hepatic tissues in a dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Effect of parathyroid hormone-related protein on intracellular calcium ion and cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations in cardiac fibroblasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052093124
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Qiong Xiao ◽  
Zhao-Ting Su ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Fang-Xia Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein

Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) on proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in primary cultures of neonatal Wistar rats. Methods Different PTHrP concentrations were added to CFs of neonatal Wistar rats and the cells were grouped according to the concentrations added. A verapamil (VPL) group and a calcitriol (CAL) group were also established. Changes in cell proliferation and in cyclic adenosine monophosphate and calcium ion levels were identified and recorded. Results We found that as the concentration of PTHrP increased, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT, a tetrazolium salt) colorimetric absorbance values (A values) decreased. These values in the PTHrP groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. MTT colorimetric A values and 3H-thymidine deoxyribose intake were lower in the VPL group, low-dose CAL group, and the PTHrP 10−7 mol/L group compared with the control group. However, MTT colorimetric A values and 3H-thymidine deoxyribose intake were higher in the high-dose CAL group than in the PTHrP 10−7 mol/L group. As PTHrP concentrations increased, intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations also increased. Conclusion PTHrp, VPL, and low-dose CAL inhibit proliferation of CFs, while high-dose CAL promotes proliferation of CFs.

scholarly journals Efek pemberian ekstrak klorofil daun pepaya (carica papaya, linn.) terhadap kadar ast dan alt serum

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Kusmadewi Eka Damayanti ◽  
Noor Wijayahadi ◽  
Niken Puruhita
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Agent Group ◽  
Chlorophyll Extracts

Background: Pharmacological therapy is one of the therapy modalities which carries the hepatic injury as one of its side effects. Nowadays, curcuma tablets has become choice of hepatoprotector. Other substance which has the possibilities of hepatoprotection activities is chlorophyll. The study is aimed to investigate the effect of papaya leaves chlorophyll extracts towards the serum AST and serum ALT levels on high-dose-paracetamol-induced Wistar rats. Materials and methods: This was an experimental study applying pretest-posttest controlled group design. Twenty eight Wistar rats 8-12 weeks age and weighted 185-220 grams assigned into four groups, namely group I (control), group II (paracetamol 750 mg/kg bw + no hepatoprotector agent), group III (paracetamol 750 mg/kg bw + curcuma 100 mg/kg bw), and group IV (paracetamol 750 mg/kg bw + papaya leaves chlorophyll extracts 300 mg/kg bw). The hepatoprotector agents were administered for a week, while the high dose paracetamol was administered for three consecutive days (day 5, 6, and 7). The pretest samples were drawn on the fifth day before the administration of high dose paracetamol, and the posttest samples were drawn on eightth day. Results: There were no difference among four groups on serum AST and serum ALT levels before the administration of high dose paracetamol, p=0.522 dan p=0.682, respectively. After the administration of high dose paracetamol, there were differences among four groups on both variables, both p=0.000. The post-hoc test showed that differences happened on all four groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: Chlorophyll extract of papaya leaves can inhibit liver injury on high-dose-paracetamol-induced-Wistar rats. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document