scholarly journals Biochemical and Histopathological Studies of Key Tissues in Healthy Male Wistar Rats Fed on African Yam Bean Seed and Tuber Meals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Omena Bernard Ojuederie ◽  
John Adebayo Ajiboye ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
African Yam Bean ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Food insecurity and malnutrition are currently major issues affecting most developing countries, especially on the African continent. To mitigate this effect, focus is being given to orphan or underutilized crops with immense potentials to boost food and nutrition security in Africa, such as the African yam bean (AYB) Sphenostylis stenocarpa. The effect of AYB seed and tuber meals on the tissues of the kidney, liver, and testis of healthy male Wistar rats were investigated in this study. Four accessions of AYB were used for this study, TSs 107, TSs 140, AYB 45, and AYB 57. Thirty rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 6). Group I was fed on standard pelletized rat chow (control), Group II fed on 50% seed meal, Group III fed on 100% seed meal, Group IV fed on 50% tuber meal, and Group-V fed on 100% tuber meal. At the end of the treatments, the animals were sacrificed after 72 h under light ether anesthesia, and biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on the tissues. Phytate concentration was higher in the seeds (TSs140 (550 mg 100g−1), AYB45 (460 mg 100g−1), and AYB57 (485 mg 100g−1)) compared to the tubers (TSs140 (14.8 mg 100g−1), AYB 45 (275 mg 100g−1), and AYB57 (240 mg 100g−1)). The consumption of 100% unprocessed AYB seeds caused liver and kidney damage in rats due to increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (5.04 ± 1.62 U L−I), alanine aminotransferase (8.46 ± 2.43 U L−I), and lipid peroxidation (0.27 ± 0.02-unit mg−1protein). AYB tubers were innocuous to Wistar rats investigated. Good processing of AYB seeds is required for safe consumption by humans and livestock. This study has shown that tubers of AYB are safe for human consumption and should be utilized in meals as it contains fewer antinutrients and had no significant effect on the tissues examined in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Monosodium Glutamate Maintains Antioxidant Balance in the Neuro-Retinal Axis of Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Nalugo ◽  
Herbert Izo Ninsiima ◽  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Ritah Nabirumbi ◽  
Lawrence Obado Osuwat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Purpose Information on monosodium glutamate (MSG) safety in the eye-brain axis remains scarce. The objective of the study was to establish changes in calcium (Ca2+) concentrations, catalase activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and identify any major histological changes associated with parenteral and feed supplementation of MSG in male Wistar rats. This is important to guide policy on human consumption of food additives.Methods Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6) for a period of one month. Group I and IV were treated with MSG 6g/kg and 60 mg/kg subcutaneous, while groups II and III at 5% and 2% MSG feed supplement. Group V was the control group treated with normal saline (no MSG). The eye and brain were analyzed for Ca2+, catalase, MDA levels and histological analysis was done using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.Results Calcium levels in the eye was reduced at high (6g/kg/day and 5% s.c) MSG treatments while in the brain these remained constant. Since Ca2+ plays a crucial role in catalase activity, levels of catalase were not affected in eye-brain axis. MDA levels were elevated at high MSG treatments and no structural changes in the retina of the eye and no damage were found in the brain.Conclusion MSG maintained catalase levels, Ca2+ and no structural changes were observed in the eye and brain.

scholarly journals Impact of Vanadium Complexes Treatment on the Oxidative Stress Factors in Wistar Rats Plasma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Francik ◽  
M. Krośniak ◽  
M. Barlik ◽  
A. Kudła ◽  
R. Gryboś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vanadium Complexes ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of vanadium complexes on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (Chol), uric acid (UA), urea (U), and antioxidant parameters: nonenzymatic (FRAP—ferric reducing ability of plasma, and reduced glutathione—GSH) and enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase—GPx, catalase—CAT, and GPx/CAT ratio) activity in the plasma of healthy male Wistar rats. Three vanadium complexes: [VO(bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, [VO(4,4′Me2bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, and Na[VO(O2)2(bpy)]⋅8H2O are administered by gavage during 5 weeks in two different diets such as control (C) and high fatty (F) diets. Changes of biochemical and antioxidants parameters are measured in plasma. All three vanadium complexes statistically decrease the body mass growth in comparison to the control and fatty diet. In plasma GSH was statistically increased in all vanadium complexes-treated rats from control and fatty group in comparison to only control group. Calculated GPX/CAT ratio was the highest in the control group in comparison to others.

scholarly journals Anticarcinogenic effect of probiotic fermented milk and chlorophyllin on aflatoxin-B1-induced liver carcinogenesis in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
V. Verma ◽  
R. Nagpal ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
P. V. Behare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Aflatoxin B

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of probiotic fermented milk (FM) containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, alone as well as in combination with chlorophyllin (CHL) as an antioxidant agent in male Wistar rats administered aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). AFB1 was injected intraperitoneally at the rate of 450 μg/kg body weight per animal twice a week for 6 weeks, maintaining an equal time interval between the two consecutive AFB1 administrations. A total of 125 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to five groups, each group having twenty-five animals. Group I was offered FM containing L. rhamnosus GG and L. casei strain Shirota. Group II was administered AFB1 and served as the control group; group III was administered FM-AFB1, in which besides administering AFB1, FM was also offered. Group IV was offered CHL and AFB1, and group V was offered both FM and CHL along with AFB1. The rats were euthanised at the 15th and 25th week of the experiment and examined for the biochemical and hepatopathological profile. A significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was observed in the FM–CHL–AFB1 group compared with the AFB1 control group. FM alone or in combination with CHL was found to show a significant (P < 0·05) hepatoprotective effect by lowering the levels of TBARS and by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase, indicating that probiotic FM alone or in combination with CHL possesses a potent protective effect against AFB1-induced hepatic damage.

scholarly journals Azathioprine and Methotrexate impaired the morphology and functions of the testes in adult wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 075-081
Author(s):  
A. Akinlolu ◽  
O. Akinola ◽  
P. Khobe ◽  
K. Obasi ◽  
O. Dada
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Introduction: AAzathioprine and Methotrexate are both used in the treatment of cancer; and are classified as cytotoxic drugs with reported adverse effects such as oxidative damage to the DNA/RNA, the testes and sperm cells. This study, therefore, tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate administrations impair the morphology and functions of the testes in adult male wistar rats. Methods: AAzathioprine (50-150mg per day) and Methotrexate (2.5mg per week) are used in the treatment of cancer in adult Man. We tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate impair the morphology and functions of testes in rats. Forty adult male wistar rats (150-230g) were employed in the study: Control Group I received physiological saline while Experimental Groups II - V received oral administrations of 5mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 15mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 8mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week and 20mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week respectively for 35 days. Results: Histological examinations of the testes of rats of Groups II - V showed dose-dependent morphological anomalies such as fewer collagen ibers of connective tissues, disrupted seminiferous tubules and scanty spermatozoa when compared to rats of Group I. Statistical analyses showed dose-dependent elevated levels (P≤0.05) of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in testes homogenates of rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. This implied increased oxidative stress in rats of Groups II - V. Evaluations of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone showed dose-dependent significantly elevated levels (P≤0.05) in rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with the stated hypothesis.

scholarly journals Biochemical Effects of Matured Stem Extract of Opuntia Dillenii in Male Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Uche C. Njoku ◽  
Benjamin A. Amadi ◽  
Peter U. Amadi ◽  
Onyebuchi E. Ezendiokwere ◽  
Idongesit E. Archibong
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Opuntia Dillenii

Summary The effect of aqueous matured stem extract of Opuntia dillenii on selected biochemical parameters in Male Wistar rats was explored. Standard analytical methods were applied. Forty Wistar rats (80-100g) were used in the animal studies, separated into four groups. The control group was solely administered normal feed and saline, group I was administered 100mgkg−1 of the extract, group II received 300mgkg−1 of the extract and group III received 500 mg/kg−1 of the extract. A significant increase (p<0.05) in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase was observed in group II and III rats, as compared with the controls. A significant decrease in urea and creatinine concentrations was found only in group III rats against the controls. Also, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was seen in group II and group III rats when compared with the control. The hematological evaluation revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in red blood cell and hemoglobin levels in group III rats when compared with the control. The findings showed both beneficial and toxicological effects of the plant. Hence, for optimal therapeutic benefits, a further toxicological survey could still be carried out perhaps at higher doses.

scholarly journals Effect of Lutein in the expression of PPARα and LDLR in hypercholesterolemic male Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soundarya Priyadharsini K. ◽  
Nirmala P. ◽  
Ashok Kumar P. ◽  
Krishna Prasad T.
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a well known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), a member of this nuclear receptor family, has emerged as an important player in this scenario, with evidence supporting a central co-ordinated role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory and vascular responses, all of which would be predicted to reduce atherosclerotic risk. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) is the primary pathway for removal of cholesterol from the circulation, and its activity is meticulously governed by intracellular cholesterol levels. Hence in this study we investigated the effect of Lutein on PPARα and LDLR expression in liver of wistar rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 each. Group I served as control. Group II III, IV, V and VI rats were received high cholesterol diet. Group III was treated with Atorvastatin 5mg/kg. Group IV, V and VI rats were treated with 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg of Lutein. After 16 weeks, liver tissue samples were collected from all the groups of animals to evaluate the expression of PPARα and LDLR.Results: The expression of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) was significantly increased in Lutein treated hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Lutein activates LDL receptor and PPARα in hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats.

scholarly journals Preclinical toxicological evaluation of Aloe vera health drinks in wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
P Sudhakar ◽  
V Vinoth Prabhu ◽  
B Jamuna ◽  
R.S Adithya ◽  
Lakshmi Soman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wbc Count

Human consumption of Aloe vera as a beverage has recently increased in popularity. These benefits are controversial with some sources pointing out that the putative effects of aloe are unsupported by clinical studies; it is important that marketed products be tested for toxicities following oral consumption. Hence this study was designed to evaluate the toxicological effect of marketed aloe health drinks. Thirty either sex Wistar rats (200-300gm) were enrolled in this study and are divided into 5 groups. Group I receives Normal saline serves as vehicle control, Group II and III receives Product A- Low dose (0.5 ml twice daily, p.o) and High dose (1.0 ml twice daily, p.o) respectively. Group IV and V receives Product B- Low dose (0.5 ml twice daily, p.o) and High dose (1.0 ml twice daily, p.o) respectively. Weekly body weight and daily feed intake were measured. On 28th day total urine output volume, faecal consistency, Haematological, biochemical, and organ weight were measured to assess the toxicity of aloe health drinks. The result of this study shows that continuous usage of aloe health drinks showed milder weight reduction, significant improvement in erythropoiesis also it increases the WBC count and increases the weight of spleen it may confirm the immune modulatory effect of aloe health drink. At the higher doses, it increased the SGOT, SGPT, serum urea and creatinine it may lead to the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In gastrointestinal tract on prolonged uses, it produced few lesions and diarrhoea. It might be concluded that prolonged consumption of unprocessed aloe health drink contains latex, an ingredient which has many health risks associated with it. So it can aggravate health problems.

scholarly journals Diosmin Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Injury via Modulation of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Hepatic Inflammation and Apoptosis via NfkB and MAPK Pathway: A Preclinical Study

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1998
Author(s):  
Abdullah F. AlAsmari ◽  
Metab Alharbi ◽  
Faleh Alqahtani ◽  
Fawaz Alasmari ◽  
Mohammed AlSwayyed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pre Treatment

Hepatotoxicity caused by chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin) is of critical concern in cancer therapy. This study focused on investigating the modulatory effects of diosmin against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I was served as control, Group II was treated with doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.), Group III was treated with a combination of doxorubicin and low-dose diosmin (100 mg/kg orally), and Group IV was treated with a combination of doxorubicin and high-dose diosmin (200 mg/kg orally) supplementation. A single dose of doxorubicin (i.p.) caused hepatic impairment, as shown by increases in the concentrations of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Doxorubicin produced histological abnormalities in the liver. In addition, a single injection of doxorubicin increased lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Importantly, pre-treatment with diosmin restored hepatic antioxidant factors and serum enzymatic activities and reduced the inflammatory and apoptotic-mediated proteins and genes. These findings demonstrate that diosmin has a protective effect against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Strong Twirling-Rotating Manual Acupuncture with 4 r/s Is Superior to 2 r/s in Relieving Pain by Activating C-Fibers in Rat Models of CFA-Induced Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Simin Song ◽  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Jiang Liu ◽  
Yadi Jia ◽  
Xiaowei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
C Fiber ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2

Background. Manual acupuncture (MA) with different stimulus frequencies may give rise to varying acupuncture effects. However, the intensity-effect relationship and the underlying mechanisms of MA remain unclear. Objective. To compare the analgesic effects of different frequencies of twirling-rotating MA on rats with complete Freund’s adjuvant- (CFA-) induced pain and explore the underlying mechanism via peripheral sensory nerves. Methods. First, 36 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, 2 r/s MA group (twirling-rotating MA with the frequency of 2 revolutions per second), 4 r/s MA group (twirling-rotating MA with the frequency of 4 revolutions per second), CFA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA group, and CFA + 4 r/s MA group. Rats in three CFA groups received an intraplantar injection of CFA to establish a pain model, while the rats in other three groups received an intraplantar injection of saline. Rats in the 2 r/s MA group and 4 r/s MA group were treated with the corresponding frequencies of twirling-rotating MA on bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Kunlun (BL60) for 7 days. The ipsilateral nociceptive thresholds (paw withdrawal latency; PWL) were tested to evaluate the analgesic effects. Second, 9 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, 2 r/s MA group, and 4 r/s MA group. The proportion of C-fiber neurons (calcitonin gene-related peptide- (CGRP-) positive neurons) and A-fiber neurons (neurofilament 200- (NF200-) positive neurons) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) activated by MA were quantitatively analyzed with the morphological immunofluorescence staining method. Third, 30 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, CFA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA + RTX group, CFA + 4 r/s MA group, and CFA  + 4 r/s MA + RTX group. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) was injected into the acupoints before acupuncture. PWL was evaluated to investigate the analgesic effect. Results. Both types of MA treatment increased the PWL of saline-injecting rats and pain model rats. Moreover, 4 r/s MA was superior to 2 r/s MA in increasing PWL. A higher quantity of excited C-fiber neurons was observed following 4 r/s MA than 2 r/s MA, while the reverse was observed in the activation of A-fiber neurons. Following the injection of RTX to inhibit the activation of C-fibers, the analgesic effect of 4 r/s MA reduced significantly but not of 2 r/s MA. Conclusion. Strong MA (4 r/s MA) has superior analgesic effects to gentle MA (2 r/s MA) on CFA model rats, which is associated with C-fiber activation.

scholarly journals Grain Amaranth Is Associated with Improved Hepatic and Renal Calcium Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of Male Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Sarah Namubiru ◽  
Abass Alao Safiriyu ◽  
Herbert Izo Ninsiima ◽  
Dorothy Nakimbugwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grain Amaranth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background. Dysregulation of calcium signaling is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM) and grain amaranth (AG) has antidiabetic properties. Information on the mechanism of action of AG on blood, renal, and hepatic tissues is sparse, although it continues to be an important alternative medicinal plant in several developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine key changes in calcium levels and s100a1 protein levels and antioxidant and histopathologic changes in blood, renal, and hepatic tissues of male diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and Methods. This was an experimental study in which 30 male Wistar rats were kept for 5 weeks (6 groups, N =5). Groups 1-IV had T2DM induced using Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin: Group I, Mixtard®; group II, positive control; group III, 25% AG; group IV, 50% AG. Furthermore, group V consisted of normal rats given 50% GA and group VI was negative control. Blood, renal, and hepatic tissues were collected and analyzed for calcium, s100a1 protein levels, and antioxidant and histopathological changes. Results and Discussion. In blood, renal, and hepatic tissue, calcium and s100a1 levels were low during T2DM and these increased following AG supplementation. This was important for improved metabolic processes, thus leading to the low malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the tissues. Efficient antioxidant status was important for improved calcium signaling mechanisms, thus leading to improved tissue function and protection demonstrating the importance of AG as an alternative medicinal source through the calcium signaling pathway. Conclusion. Grain amaranth exerts its antidiabetic properties through improved calcium homeostasis in blood, kidney, and liver.

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