scholarly journals Aloe Vera Protects Fluoride Induced Teratogenic Effects During Pre- and Postnatal Development in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Mathur ◽  
Shilpa Choudhary ◽  
Pradeep Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Group I

Abstract Pregnancy and feto-gestational toxicities on exposure to fluoride (F) and its possible amelioration on co-administration with Aloe-vera were studied in pregnant Swiss albino mice. Once the confirmed pregnancy was tested, animals were equally divided into four groups and were given following treatment. Group I was given no treatment and served as Control, Group II and III were administered sodium fluoride, 100 and 300 ppm respectively while group IV was co-administered with sodium fluoride, 300 ppm and Aloe-vera (300mg/kg) daily for 14 days prior to gestation and continued till the 18th day of gestation. Animals were sacrificed `on the 19th day of gestation for prenatal observations. Maternal body weight, the gravid uterine weight, number of corpora lutea in both the ovaries, number of implantations and resorptions, number of live (mature and immature ) male and female fetuses as well as number of dead fetuses were examined in each dam. The treatment continued in another set of animals till the completion of weaning period to observe postnatal changes due to test substances on the mother and pups. Sodium fluoride treated animals showed morphometric and skeletal changes which were more pronounced in the high dose group showing significantly decreased body weight gain in pregnant mothers; and dead/immature fetuses. Morphometric changes included open eyelids, limb defects, wrinkles on whole body, anophthalmias, pulmonary edema, enlarged esophagus and decreased body weight of fetuses and pups. Alizarin prepared skeletal structures of fetuses of such female mice showed delayed ossification or bending in number of bones of skull, thoracic and limb regions. However, concomitant exposure to Sodium Fluoride and Aloe-vera treated animals, there was a marked improvement in all the prenatal and postnatal variables. The study suggests that Sodium fluoride at the high concentrations may be teratogenic while co-administration of Aloe-vera during fluoride exposure might be beneficial in reducing these toxic effects. We thus recommend use of aloe vera as preventive agent or as a complimentary agent during fluoride treatment.

scholarly journals Toxicological evaluation of the ultrasonic extract from Dichroae radix in mice and wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wang ◽  
Zhiting Guo ◽  
Dongan Cui ◽  
Shahbaz Ul Haq ◽  
Wenzhu Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Toxic Damage ◽  
Long Course

Abstract This study was aimed at evaluating the acute and subchronic toxicity of ultrasonic extract of Dichroae radix (UEDR) in mice and rats. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatogrephy (TLC) were used to detect β-dichroine and α-dichroine in UEDR for quality control. The levels of β-dichroine and α-dichroine in UEDR were 1.46 and 1.53 mg/g, respectively. An oral LD50 of 2.43 g/kg BW was observed in acute toxicity test. After 28-day repeated oral administration, compared with the control group, treatment-related changes in body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG), lymphocyte counts and ratios, as well as in the relative organ weights (ROWs) of liver, kidney, lung, and heart, were detected in the middle- and high-dose groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), no differences were noted in the serum biochemical parameters and necropsy examinations in both sexes at all doses. Histopathological examinations exhibited UEDR-associated signs of toxicity or abnormalities. After 14 days withdrawal, no statistically significant or toxicologically relevant differences were observed in any of the UEDR-treated groups, and the hispathological lesions in the high-dose group were alleviated. Findings showed that long-course and high-dose of UEDR administration was toxic, and showed dose-dependence, the toxic damage was reversible.

scholarly journals Preclinical toxicological evaluation of Aloe vera health drinks in wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
P Sudhakar ◽  
V Vinoth Prabhu ◽  
B Jamuna ◽  
R.S Adithya ◽  
Lakshmi Soman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wbc Count

Human consumption of Aloe vera as a beverage has recently increased in popularity. These benefits are controversial with some sources pointing out that the putative effects of aloe are unsupported by clinical studies; it is important that marketed products be tested for toxicities following oral consumption. Hence this study was designed to evaluate the toxicological effect of marketed aloe health drinks. Thirty either sex Wistar rats (200-300gm) were enrolled in this study and are divided into 5 groups. Group I receives Normal saline serves as vehicle control, Group II and III receives Product A- Low dose (0.5 ml twice daily, p.o) and High dose (1.0 ml twice daily, p.o) respectively. Group IV and V receives Product B- Low dose (0.5 ml twice daily, p.o) and High dose (1.0 ml twice daily, p.o) respectively. Weekly body weight and daily feed intake were measured. On 28th day total urine output volume, faecal consistency, Haematological, biochemical, and organ weight were measured to assess the toxicity of aloe health drinks. The result of this study shows that continuous usage of aloe health drinks showed milder weight reduction, significant improvement in erythropoiesis also it increases the WBC count and increases the weight of spleen it may confirm the immune modulatory effect of aloe health drink. At the higher doses, it increased the SGOT, SGPT, serum urea and creatinine it may lead to the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In gastrointestinal tract on prolonged uses, it produced few lesions and diarrhoea. It might be concluded that prolonged consumption of unprocessed aloe health drink contains latex, an ingredient which has many health risks associated with it. So it can aggravate health problems.

scholarly journals ​Therapeutic Efficacy of Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma longa and its Component, Curcumin against Experimental Cryptosporidiosis in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alveena Ganai ◽  
Anish Yadav ◽  
Rajesh Katoch ◽  
Dibyendu Chakraborty ◽  
Pawan Kumar Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group I

Background: Cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium spp. is a zoonotic disease and is the most prevalent pathogens worldwide and leads to severe diarrhoeal diseases and affects the immunological status of the individual. Thus, the study was undertaken to examine the anti-cryptosporidial efficacy of curcumin in comparison with ethanolic extract of curcuma longa in immunocompromised mice infected with oocysts isolated from cattle calves of Jammu region and identified as Cryptosporidium parvum using nested PCR on small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene. Methods: Two hundred female Swiss albino mice were equally divided into ten groups. Group I were kept as a healthy control, group II were immunocompromised, group III were immunocompromised and infected, group IV animals were immunocompromised, infected and treated orally with nitazoxanide. Animals in groups V to VII were immunocompromised, infected and treated with ethanolic extract of C. longa @ 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg/day/os respectively whereas groups VIII to X were immunocompromised, infected and treated with pure salt of curcumin @ 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg/day/os respectively for 5 successive days. Thus, mean oocysts per gram faeces, body weight gain and histopathological changes were measured in different groups. Result: Administration of curcumin as a therapeutic agent @ 8 mg/kg body weight for five days resulted in higher percent mean oocyst reduction of 74.03% and improved body weight gain in experimentally infected mice. Histopathological changes showed that treatment with oral curcumin (group X) in animals had minimal and improved intestinal lesions as compared to animals treated with C. longa (group VII). Altogether, curcumin showed promising anticryptosporidial effects under in vivo conditions and deserves further exploration.

scholarly journals Study on Ameliorative Effect of Febuxostat on Gout Induced Model in Broiler Chicks

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Patel ◽  
D. J. Dave ◽  
R. C. Rathod ◽  
B. P. Joshi ◽  
D. J. Ghodasara
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Group Ii

This work was conducted on six groups of day-old Cobb-400 broiler chicks to study the ameliorative effect of febuxostat on gout induced model. Clinical signs were noticed in birds of diclofenac control group II and low dose febuxostat treated group IV. During the study, 27.77% and 22.22% mortality were observed in diclofenac control group II and low dose febuxostat treated group IV, respectively. Febuxostat control group III and febuxostat (medium and high dose) treated groups V and VI had no mortality. Reduction in body weight gain and feed intake was observed in diclofenac control group II as compared to without treatment control group I at the end of every week during the experimental period of 21 days. Reduction in body weight gain and feed intake was observed in low dose febuxostat treated group IV as compared to control group at the end of 1st week. The average FCR was higher in diclofenac control group II (2.54) and low dose febuxostat treated group IV (2.14) as compared to control group (2.00). Kidney: body weight ratio was significantly high in diclofenac control group II as compared to control group at the end of experiment. Gross and microscopic lesions of visceral gout were mainly observed in chicks that died during the experiment from diclofenac control group II and low dose febuxostat treated group IV. The overall lesions showed that diclofenac was nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic in nature. Febuxostat at lower than the therapeutic dose did not prevent nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity caused by diclofenac leading to visceral gout. Febuxostat control III and febuxostat (medium and high dose) treated groups V and VI did not reveal any pathomorphological changes. Judicious use of febuxostat is safe in poultry birds between the limit of 4 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg

scholarly journals Twenty-four-week oral dosing toxicities of Herba Siegesbeckiae in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Ying Wu ◽  
Yuen-Cheung Chan ◽  
Hui Guo ◽  
Ying-Jie Chen ◽  
Yu-Xi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Oral Dosing

Abstract Background Herba Siegesbeckiae (HS), the dried aerial parts of Siegesbeckia orientalis L., S. pubescens Makino, or S. glabrescens Makino, is traditionally used for treating chronic diseases in China. However, there is no information about the chronic toxicity of HS. The objective of this study is to evaluate the 24-week oral dosing toxicities of HS aqueous extract (HSE) in rats. Methods S. orientalis-originated HS was reflux-extracted with distilled water. Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 10 males and 10 females in each group. The rats were intragastrically administered with HSE at 5, 1.67 and 0.56 g/kg (experimental groups) or an equal volume of distilled water (control group), 6 days a week, for 24 weeks. The high dose of HSE (5 g/kg) was its maximum tolerated dose. Body weight was recorded every 2 days during the experimental period. Chemical, hematological and histopathological parameters, as well as organ weights, were measured at the end of the experiment. Results Decreased body weight gain; increased liver and lung relative weights; histopathological alterations in liver and lung tissues; elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were found after HSE treatments. In liver tissues, HSE treatment upregulated levels of three pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. In lung tissues, HSE treatment caused oxidative stress and activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Conclusion Long-term oral administration of HSE caused toxicities in rats evidenced by decreased body weight gain, as well as liver and lung damage. Treatment-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and MAPK activation are involved in HSE’s toxicities. Caution should be taken when using HS to treat chronic diseases.

Effects of short-term glucocorticoid administration on bone mineral density, biomechanics and microstructure in rats’ femur

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Chen ◽  
L Huang ◽  
J Zhu ◽  
K Wu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

The effects of short-term use of oral glucocorticoid (GC) on the skeleton are not well defined. To address this gap, the influences of 7 days, 21 days of GC administration on femurs of intact rats were investigated. Forty 4-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (Cont) and prednisone-treated group (Pre) and administered either distilled water or prednisone acetate at doses of 3.5 mg/kg/day for 0, 7 and 21 days, respectively. All the femurs were harvested for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, biomechanical testing and micro computed tomography scan. The whole body weight, femur bone mineral density (BMD), all three-point bending test parameters, microstructural parameters increased or improved significantly in Cont at day 21 when compared to day 0. The whole body weight, distal femur BMD, Young’s modulus, bending stiffness, density of tissue volume and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) decreased, while structure model index and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) increased significantly in Pre at day 21 when compared to age-matched control but had no significant differences between day 7 and day 21. Our data demonstrate that 7-day use of prednisone does not influence on rats’ femur, and 21-day use of prednisone slows in rate of whole body weight gain, decreases femur metaphysis BMD and bone stiffness which mainly due to the deteriorated bone microstructure.

Antidyslipidemic Effect of Fenugreek Seeds Powder against Sodium Fluoride-Induced Dyslipidemia in Male Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Azab Elsayed Azab ◽  
Munira Ammar Algridi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Group I

Background: Although fluoride is everywhere in the environment, the major environmental sources of population exposure to elevated levels of fluoride are water, food, beverages, air, food supplements, and dental products. Fluoride is a well determined non-biodegradable and moderate pollutant, which at high levels causes serious health problems. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-dyslipidemia effect of fenugreek seeds powder against dyslipidemia induced by sodium fluoride in male rabbits. Materials and Methods: This study included twenty-four adult male rabbits, which were divided into 4 groups, 6 rabbits for each. Group I (control group): Animals were provided with tape water and fed with normal diet for 30 days. Group II (Fenugreek seeds powder group): Fenugreek seeds powder was given to rabbits in food at a dose of 10 g per kilogram of diet weight/kg of body weight/day for 30 Days. Group III (sodium fluoride group): Rabbits were injected intraperitoneally with sodium fluoride at a dose of 15mg/kg of body weight/day for 30 consecutive days. Group IV (Sodium fluoride/fenugreek co-administered group): Fenugreek seed flour was added at a rate of 10 g per kilogram of diet weight, and rabbits were injected with intraperitoneally with sodium fluoride at a dose of 15mg/kg of body weight/day for 30 consecutive days. After thirty days, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis. Biochemical analyzes were performed to measure of the serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C in all groups. Results: The results of the study showed that the treatment of male rabbits with sodium fluoride resulted in a significant increase (P<0.01) in the serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, and a significant decrease was observed (P<0.01) in serum HDL-C compared with the control group. In rabbits received fenugreek seeds powder only, the serum triglycerides and VLDL-C were significantly (P<0.01) decrease and the serum HDL-C was significantly (P<0.05) increase compared with the control group. A significant decrease (P<0.01) was observed in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, and a significant increase was observed (P<0.01) in serum HDL-C in rabbits treated with sodium fluoride and fenugreek seeds powder compared with the sodium fluoride group, but these measurements did not reach normal levels in the control group. Conclusion: The results showed that injection of rabbits with sodium fluoride led to serum dyslipidemia, and the injection with sodium fluoride and treatment of fenugreek seeds powder alleviate dyslipidemia induced by sodium fluoride. The use of fenugreek seeds powder by humans can be considered beneficial in the alleviation of dyslipidemia. It is recommended that humans exposed to sodium fluoride should be advised to take Fenugreek seeds powder as a rich source of antioxidant to prevent serum dyslipidemia induced by sodium fluoride. Further studies are necessary to elucidate exact mechanism of the antidyslipidemic effect of Fenugreek seeds powder and potential usefulness of Fenugreek seeds powder as a protective agent against sodium fluoride induced dyslipidemia in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation of a Yeast-Whey Preparation for Weaned Piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Anna Szuba-Trznadel ◽  
Tomasz Hikawczuk ◽  
Małgorzata Korzeniowska ◽  
Bogusław Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Group I ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Blood Urea Level

AbstractWeaning is a stressful period for the piglets and the sow. Stress during weaning is related to the change of diet which can affect the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the microbial and immunological status of the animals. In the experiment a yeast-whey preparation was used to decrease the transient growth depression related to reduction of feed intake by the piglets. The piglets were assigned to three treatments. In the control group (I) the animals obtained standard feed mixture used routinely at the farm. In the case of piglets from II and III treatment, the yeast-whey preparation was added in the quantity of 4 and 7%, respectively.Application of 7% yeast-whey preparation to the diet significantly increased the body weight of piglets (p<0.05) and in consequence the average daily body weight gain (p<0.01) in comparison with the control group of animals. Additionally, piglets which were fed the yeast-whey preparation diet had a higher feed intake (p<0.05) and better feed conversion ratio (p<0.05) than those fed a diet without the addition of this preparation. No significant differences were stated for most biological parameters (p>0.05), except for the blood urea level, which was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the treatments where the yeast-whey preparation was used. These results indicated that yeast-whey preparation efficiently suppressed post-weaning diarrhea and improved the performance of the animals.

scholarly journals Safety assessment of the standardized aqueous extract from solid-state cultured Xylaria nigripes (Wuling Shen) in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Nan Lai ◽  
Hui-Chen Hsu ◽  
Lean-Teik Ng
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Hematological Analysis

Abstract Background Xylaria nigripes (Koltz.) Cooke, also known as Wuling Shen, is a high-value medicinal mushroom. It is a herbal medicine traditionally used for treating insomnia, trauma and depression. However, its toxicity has never been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of a standardized aqueous extract (XNE), an ingredient of commercial products, prepared from solid-state cultured X. nigripes in rats. Methods A 90-day subchronic toxicity study was conducted by oral administration of XNE at daily doses of 20, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight to Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes, and the control group was given distilled water (vehicle). All animals were checked daily for general behavior, body weight changes and signs of toxicity. At the end of the treatment period, hematological analysis, biochemical analysis and histopathological examination of organs were conducted. Results At tested concentrations, oral XNE administration caused no treatment-induced adverse effects on general health, body weight gain, relative organ weights, and hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological results also showed no significant structural changes in organs even in high-dose XNE-treated animals. Conclusion This study suggests that treatment with XNE for 90 days does not produce significant toxicity, even up to 100 fold (2000 mg/kg body weight/day) of the recommended daily intakes. Therefore, the use of XNE as herbal medicines is considered to be relatively safe.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

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