On increasing the degree of progressiveness of the income tax in Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Mels Pavlovich Tskhovrebov
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tax Deductions ◽  
The Difference

Income tax fulfills not only fiscal, but also social and regulatory function in the economy. Currently, the main burden of paying income tax in Russia is borne by workers with low and middle incomes. In order to increase the social function of the income tax, it is necessary to continue reforming it in order to achieve greater progressiveness. The overall progressiveness of income tax depends on the structure of all tax categories, exemptions and deductions, and not only on the difference between the maximum and minimum rates. As shown in the article, Russian tax legislation does not provide for a lower income threshold that is exempt from income tax, and the amount of tax deductions for children does not provide meaningful support to families. When changing the parameters of income tax, an integrated approach is important, taking into account the possible consequences in the form of a drop in income of regions especially sensitive to this type of tax.

Social Indicators: A Comparison Among Selected Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Badar Alam Iqbal ◽  
Mohd Nayyer Rahman ◽  
Munir Hasan
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
High Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

The difference between growth and development is not subtle but substantially huge and the gap is ever increasing. The dividing line is social indicators. Countries witnessing high growth rates for decades are not equal performers in development when social indicators are observed. India is an emerging economy on the one hand and a developing on the other hand but a lower income country as per World Bank statistic. While India holds economic indicators that appears to be promising to the world and investors that is not the case with social indicators. The present study is an attempt to critically review the social indicators for India and to trace the trajectory of fall or growth in such indicators while comparing with selected countries.

scholarly journals FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF TAXATION OF CITIZENS INCOME AND POSSIBILITIES OF ITS APPLICATION IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Elena Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tax Deductions ◽  
The Cost

The goal of research is to develop recommendations for improving the mechanism of income taxation in Russia, taking into account the best foreign practices.The framework of studies was the monographic method and the method of comparative analysis of statistics and legislative documents of the financial authorities of Russia and leading foreign countries, as well as methods of modeling and generalization of the results.The necessity of strengthening the social function of income taxation is substantiated. A comparative analysis of modern taxation of personal income in Russia and abroad is carried out. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the main share of this tax is provided by taxing the incomes of the poorest segments of the population, which contradicts the principles of fair taxation.To improve the mechanism of taxation of incomes of Russian citizens, the experience of leading foreign countries in the application of a progressive scale, family taxation, the establishment of a tax-free minimum (allowance) and tax deductions was used. Particular attention is paid to introducing a tax-free minimum into the mechanism for applying standard deductions taking into account the cost of living. 

scholarly journals Accredited investor: legal status and problems of taxation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
I. V. Glazunova ◽  
К. I. Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tax Deductions

The subject of the research is the legal norms contained in legislation and other legal acts that regulate the grounds for the emergence and the mechanism for implementing the status of an accredited investor, requirements for individuals, as well as certain aspects of taxation of accredited investors. The experience of legal regulation of income from investment activities, used in foreign legislation, is also analyzed in the context of the topic.The purpose of the article is to confirm the need to revise the requirements for accredited investors, to clarify the legislative provisions of the personal income tax. The reason for this study was legislative changes that caused an ambiguous reaction among the entire legal community in Russia.The methodology. General scientific methods were applied in the framework of a comparative, logical and statistical study and analysis of law enforcement and judicial practice in the field of taxation of an accredited investors.The main results. The following issues were investigated. What was the reason for the introduction of the status of an accredited investor in Russian legislation? It was the need firstly to protect the rights of investors, and secondly to regulate and protect the stock market from unconsciously high-risk transactions. What requirements are specified in the law for obtaining this status, what requirements exist in foreign legislation and why does domestic legislation need to be revised? We can divide the requirements for obtaining the status into three general groups: experience, knowledge and risk. Investor is obliged to meet two criteria by European legislation, when only one criterion by Russian legislation. The problem of taxation of qualified investors was raised in the context of the progressive income tax rate. Taxation of qualified investors needs a thorough legislative review in terms of tax deductions.Conclusions. The ideas for the introduction of the status of an accredited investor, of a progressive personal income tax rate were implemented in Russian legislation from the legislation of foreign countries. Such Russian legal rules needs significant revision. The legislative term "accredited investor" should be introduced in legislation system. It is necessary to clarify the criteria for obtaining a status, as well as to consolidate the necessity for accredited investors to comply with two conditions instead of one. Such an initiative would allow investors themselves to approach investing more consciously and would remove risks from brokers. Tax legislation should be amended in part of tax deductions for persons whose main activity is investment, since the current state of affairs discriminates them against individuals in their rights. The revision of the fixed requirements as well as the clarification of the tax legislation will attract investors (both Russian and foreign) to the Russian stock market, while the economy will receive positive growth, intermediaries-brokers and issuing firms will be provided with protection from unconscious risks.

scholarly journals A Framework For The Income Tax Deductibility Of Intellectual Property Expenditure Incurred By South African Taxpayers

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Rudi Oosthuizen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
South African ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Tax Deductions ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

Taxpayers who use intellectual property (such as patents and trademarks) in their trade in the production of income may obtain the right of such use in a number of different ways. The nature of the transaction granting the taxpayer the use of intellectual property items determines the tax treatment thereof. Taxpayers may be able to claim deductions for the cost of using these items in terms of specific income tax sections or the general deduction formula as outlined by the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962. There are also a number of other sections in the Act which may affect the timing and extent of the deductions allowed. This article investigates the various income tax deductions which may be available to taxpayers in South Africa who make payments in respect of intellectual property. It considers the effect of important recent case law and changes to tax legislation on the timing and extent of these deductions and suggests a framework which can be applied to assist the taxpayer in understanding the structure of such deductions.

scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC COMPONENT OF PREFERENTIAL TAXATION OF INDIVIDUAL INCOME

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Plakhtii ◽  
Lidiia Fedoryshyna ◽  
Olena Tomchuk
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Individual Income ◽  
Taxable Income ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Individual Income Tax ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of the article is to study the socio-economic component of the preferential taxation of individuals. It is shown that the Tax Social Benefit is the ability of the taxpayer to reduce the calculated total monthly taxable income in the form of wages. Methodology. The object of taxation is determined according to the status of the payer. So, for a resident – is: the total monthly (annual) taxable income; income from the source of their origin, which are finally taxed when they are charged (payment, provision), and foreign incomes – income (profit) received from sources outside. The object of taxation of a non-resident is: the total monthly (annual) taxable income from the source of its origin and income from the source of their origin in Ukraine, which are finally taxed during their calculation (payment, provision). Results. The basis of taxation is the total taxable income – any taxable income accrued (paid, provided) in favour of the taxpayer during the reporting tax period. Imagine the structure of the aggregate resources of households, which in the overwhelming majority are subject to tax. Individual Income Tax is fiscally significant for budgets of all levels, since after the distribution through the budget system the lion’s share remains at the disposal of local budgets Practical implications. Although Ukraine is a market economy country, in our opinion, observance of these recommendations will have only a positive effect both on activating the regulatory function of the Individual Income Tax and on the level of income differentiation of the population as a result. Value/ originality. In view of a large number of studies of domestic scientists on this issue, it is necessary to systematize tax deductions from Individual Income Tax in accordance with the concept of tax expenditures, taking into account the specifics of tax legislation. The established indicators for the tax social benefit are calculated according to the following algorithm: the maximum amount for the application of the tax social benefit: the subsistence minimum for an able-bodied person on January 1 of the reporting tax year, multiplied by 1.4 and rounded to the nearest 10 hryvnias. The size of the tax social benefit is equal to 50% of the subsistence minimum for an able-bodied person (per month), established by law on January 1 of the reporting tax year.

scholarly journals European Сultural Policy of Organization of the 21st Century Socio-Cultural Sphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Mohylevska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Space Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
European Regional Policy ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. The last two decades are signed with culture meaning increase as one of the strategic priorities of the social and economic development of the EU related to the consolidation of common cultural space, management of socio-cultural activities, and development of “European citizens” identity under cross-cultural dialogue. Currently, the critical enabler of this cultural policy is special programmes. The application of the main principles of these programmes in real has been the key instrument of the European regional policy for last years. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is to cover the main tendencies and areas of concern of the European cultural policy based on comparative analysis of the cultural programme of the second generation. In the course of the research, the author has used the comparative, sociological, structural and functional, activity and situational-critical methods, with the help of which the features of the functioning of the above programmes were characterised. Results. Today the EU cultural policy implementation is via the prolonged “Creative Europe Programme 2021-2027” which, in comparison with other cultural programmes, is more structured and differs in an integrated approach to the organisation of the socio-cultural sphere, has incorporated all the implemented cultural and media programmes over the previous 20 years. Conclusions. In the article, there is the first analysis of the difference between the selected programmes in the context of verifying the thesis about the continuity of the programme's principles of the EU cultural policy at the present stage, as well as the objective trend of turning cultural policy into one of the main directions of European domestic policy for the development of the socio-cultural sphere.

Re-Increased Male Suicide Rates in the Recovery Phase Following the Great East Japan Earthquake

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatsugu Orui
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Background: Monitoring of suicide rates in the recovery phase following a devastating disaster has been limited. Aim: We report on a 7-year follow-up of the suicide rates in the area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred in March 2011. Method: This descriptive study covered the period from March 2009 to February 2018. Period analysis was used to divide the 108-month study period into nine segments, in which suicide rates were compared with national averages using Poisson distribution. Results: Male suicide rates in the affected area from March 2013 to February 2014 increased to a level higher than the national average. After subsequently dropping, the male rates from March 2016 to February 2018 re-increased and showed a greater difference compared with the national averages. The difference became significant in the period from March 2017 to February 2018 ( p = .047). Limitations: Specific reasons for increasing the rates in the recovery phase were not determined. Conclusion: The termination of the provision of free temporary housing might be influential in this context. Provision of temporary housing was terminated from 2016, which increased economic hardship among needy evacuees. Furthermore, disruption of the social connectedness in the temporary housing may have had an influence. Our findings suggest the necessity of suicide rate monitoring even in the recovery phase.

On the Issue of Progressive or Proportional Taxation of Personal Incomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
D. G. Chernik
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Discrete Measures ◽  
Personal Income Taxation ◽  
Personal Taxation ◽  
Personal Incomes

The subject of the research is the procedure for personal income taxation. The purpose of the workwas to determine which personal taxation regime is more justified: progressive or proportional. The paperprovides the reasons for the transition from the progressive to the proportional tax. The risks and possibilities of transition to the progressive scale are analyzed. It is concluded that in order to achieve social justice and improve the welfare of the majority of peoplerather thana very small part of them, it is necessary to adopt a set of economic, fiscal and administrative measures aimed at solving a single task — ensuring the social and economic development of Russia. Discrete measures, such as the introduction of the progressive personal income tax will not lead to desired results. Moreover, the progressive tax cannot be introduced unlessit is ruled by law that large spendings of citizens must correspond to their incomes.

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