scholarly journals KYIV SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC EXPERTISE: A REVIEW THROUGH THE PRIZM OF HISTORY

2019 ◽  
pp. 868-882
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
World War ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
National Significance ◽  
Research Institute

The article analyzes the main milestones of the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise during one hundred and five years of activity, selected scientific developments of the Institute, and highlighted the contribution of the employees of this institution to the development of forensic science and the formation of the methodological foundations of forensic expertology. It is disclosed the legal basis for the creation of the Cabinet of Scientific and Forensic Expertise under the Prosecutor of the Kyiv Judicial Chamber in 1913, its activity in first years are described, which confirms the national significance of the expert institution. The article reveals the stages in history of the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise related to the national revolution of 1917-1921 years, World War II on the territory of Ukraine, update of the criminal and criminal procedural legislation in the 1960s, proclamation of the Ukrainian independence. The author made conclusions about the role of the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise in the implementation of justice in Ukraine. Key words: Cabinet of Scientific and Forensic Expertise, Kyiv Scientific Forensic Expertise, Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise, expert institution, criminalistics, forensic examination.

scholarly journals Moralities of Consumption in Poland across the Short Twentieth Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (02) ◽  
pp. 393-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Deep Crisis

Participating in the broader history of consumer mobilization for egalitarian regimes of consumption, this article unpacks the shifting meanings of egalitarian moralities of consumption in the specific case of Poland across the twentieth century. It reveals how important the role of social justice would become in attempts to impose state-centered social welfare over profit-oriented self-welfare between the interwar period and the demise of Communism. During this time, the meaning of profiteering changed significantly. While food conflicts during the interwar period and World War II were organized predominantly along ethnic lines, by the beginning of the postwar era, the notion of the profit-oriented middleman relied on the category of class as well as ethnicity to support a vision of Poland as a Communist, ethnically homogenized nation-state. In the 1950s and the 1960s, anti-profiteering rhetoric became increasingly gendered, as the food conflicts moved from an ideological crusade against private trade to everyday confrontations between the consumers and female shop assistants. When the Soviet Bloc ran into deep crisis in the 1970s and 1980s, self-welfare and family-centered resourcefulness resurfaced as legitimate norms of distributive justice, which contributed to dismantling the Socialist welfare state altogether.

THE ROLE AND ROLE OF OIL POLICY IN SAUDI ARABIA IN POST WORLD WAR II ECONOMIC LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Maftuna Sanoqulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oil Policy

This article consists of the politics which connected with oil in Saudi Arabia after the World war II , the relations of economical cooperations on this matter and the place of oil in the history of world economics

Charles de Gaulle and European Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
David Ramiro Troitino ◽  
Tanel Kerikmae ◽  
Olga Shumilo
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
European Community ◽  
World War ◽  
Charles De Gaulle ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Post War ◽  
De Gaulle

This article highlights the role of Charles de Gaulle in the history of united post-war Europe, his approaches to the internal and foreign French policies, also vetoing the membership of the United Kingdom in the European Community. The authors describe the emergence of De Gaulle as a politician, his uneasy relationship with Roosevelt and Churchill during World War II, also the roots of developing a “nationalistic” approach to regional policy after the end of the war. The article also considers the emergence of the Common Agricultural Policy (hereinafter - CAP), one of Charles de Gaulle’s biggest achievements in foreign policy, and the reasons for the Fouchet Plan defeat.

scholarly journals Who Reads Shashi? The Case of the Hiroshima Regional Newspaper

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Sherif
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
International Media ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Regional Newspaper ◽  
Self Presentations

The company history of a newspaper company raises new questions about the genre of company histories. Who reads them? What features should readers and researchers be aware of when using them as a source? This article examines the shashi of the Chûgoku Shinbun, the Hiroshima regional newspaper. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 were significant because of their perceived role in bringing World War II to an end and in signaling the start of the nuclear age. Most research to date has emphasized the role of national newspapers and the international media in informing the public about the extent of the damage and generating a framework within which to understand. I compare the representation of three key events in the Chûgoku Shinbun company history (shashi) to those in two national newspapers (Asahi and Yomiuri), as well as the ways that the Hiroshima company’s 100th and 120th year self-presentations reveal important concerns of the region and the nation, and motivations in going public with its shashi. These comparisons will reveal some of the merits and limits of using shashi in research. This article is part of a larger study on the work of the influence of regional press and publishers on literature in twentieth-century Japan.   

Who f(o)unded IR: American philanthropies and the discipline of International Relations in Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Kuru
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Disciplinary History ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Narratives ◽  
Major Factors

This article aims to present a history of International Relations (IR) that looks at the role of three big American foundations (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Rockefeller, and Ford foundations) in the development of IR as an academic field in continental Europe. Its framework goes beyond the usual disciplinary history narratives that focus on IR’s US or UK trajectories, pointing instead to American foundations’ interwar and early post–World War II influence on French and German IR. The cases emphasize US foundations’ interactions with European scholars and international scholarly organizations as major factors shaping IR’s developmental pathways. This study offers a way to consider foundations’ role in IR’s gradual academic institutionalization by connecting disciplinary historical approaches to disciplinary sociology. Its sociologically conscious position underlines the significance of American philanthropies in a historical narrative and recognizes the relevance of transnational dynamics by going beyond usual emphases on ideas and national contexts.

Family and Childhood

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. King
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Annales School

Scholars largely neglected the history of the family until after World War II, when they began to employ theoretical perspectives imported from the social sciences. In the 1960s, two principal figures triggered its study: Philippe Ariès, associated with the French Annales school, and Peter Laslett, cofounder at Cambridge University, England, of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure. Since that period, studies have proliferated on the history of family and household in Europe and its subregions and on the related topics of childhood and youth.

Maternal Expectations: New Mothers, Nurses, and Breastfeeding

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Martucci
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
Hospital Policies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Breastfeeding Rates ◽  
Maternal Expectations

By the middle of the 20th century, breastfeeding rates had fallen to less than 20% in some areas of the United States. Despite these grim statistics, many mothers continued to seek information, advice, and the experience of breastfeeding their infants. This article explores the role that nurses played in these women’s struggles to breastfeed in the years between the end of World War II and the 1970s. The role of the nurse in shaping the meaning and experience of breastfeeding in America has been an important, albeit often overlooked, part of the history of infant feeding. In addition to exploring the ways in which hospital policies and structures shaped nurses’ relationships with breastfeeding mothers, this article looks at how different maternal ideologies influenced the nature of these (mostly) same-sex interactions. This article argues that the ideas about, and experiences with, motherhood had important implications for how nurses and mothers approached the practice of breastfeeding in the hospital.

Sabers through the Reich

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Stuart Nance ◽  
Robert M. Citino
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
World War ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Action ◽  
European Theatre ◽  
Maneuver Warfare ◽  
Actual Size

This work provides a complete battle history of American corps cavalry in World War II. It asserts that these cavalry formations made an outsized contribution to the Allied victory in the European theatre in correlation to their actual size. These cavalry groups made the "90 Division gamble" actually work, allowing American corps and army commanders to mass combat power at the decisive point. Furthermore, this work also highlights the role of the reconnaissance and security battle at the operational level. It demonstrates how this long-overlooked part of military operations is an absolute essential in maneuver warfare. This “battle before the battle” fundamentally shapes the conditions for the main action, yet a thorough study of this fighting has long been ignored in the literature—a failing that this work remedies.

Brainstorming Revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Claudia Mareis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Creativity Research ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
History Of

This article discusses a particular strand in the history of creativity in the mid-twentieth century shaped by an instrumental, production-oriented understanding of the term. When the field of creativity research emerged in the United States after World War II, debates around creativity were driven not only by humanist intents of self-actualization but also by the aim of rendering individual creative potentials productive for both society and economy. Creativity was thus defined in terms of not mere novelty and originality but utility and productivity. There was a strong interest, too, in methods and techniques that promised to systematically enhance human creativity. In this context, the article looks at the formation of brainstorming, a group-based creativity method that came into fashion in the United States around 1950. It discusses how this method had been influenced by concepts of human productivity developed and applied during World War II and prior to it. Using the brainstorming method as a case in point, this article aims not only to shed light on the quite uncharted history of creativity in the mid-twentieth century, but also to stress the conducive role of allegedly trivial creativity methods in the rise of what sociologist Andreas Reckwitz has identified as the “creativity dispositif”: a seemingly playful, but indeed rigid, imperative in post-Fordist and neoliberal societies that demand the constant production of innovative outcomes under flexible, yet self-exploitative working conditions.

The wartime narrative in US sociology, 1940–1947

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Warfield Rawls
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Action ◽  
World War ◽  
Disciplinary History ◽  
Scientific Status ◽  
War Effort ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

This is an article about the history of US sociology with systematic intent. It goes back to World War II to recover a wartime narrative context through which sociologists formulated a ‘trauma’ to the discipline and ‘blamed’ qualitative and values-oriented research for damaging the scientific status of sociology. This narrative documents a discussion of the changes that sociologists said needed to be made in sociology as a science to repair its status and reputation. While debates among sociologists about theory and method had always been contentious, the wartime narrative insisted for the first time that sociology be immediately unified around quantitative approaches. The narrative of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ science that developed during the war not only undermined the efforts of social interactionists to theorize social action and social justice, but also derailed Parsons’ pre-war effort to bridge differences. The moral coding that is the legacy of the narrative stigmatized important approaches to sociology, leading to a ‘crisis’ in the 1960s that still haunts the discipline. Disciplinary history has overlooked the wartime narrative with the result that the role played by World War II in effecting this crisis has gone unrecognized.

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