Análise e distribuição espacial do potencial para a sustentabilidade no pós-pandemia do COVID-19 nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul

A pandemia causada pelo coronavírus disparou a possibilidade da crise em diversos segmentos, sobretudo com a adoção do isolamento social, principal ação para o controle da doença infectocontagiosa. O presente estudo justifica-se pela preocupação em relação às tendências do desenvolvimento sustentável no pós-pandemia da COVID-19, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A mensuração do grau de sustentabilidade dos municípios segue a tese de que, quanto maior for o grau de sustentabilidade dos municípios, menor o impacto da pandemia, e maiores os recursos para restabelecer o equilíbrio. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a distribuição espacial do potencial para a sustentabilidade no pós-pandemia do COVID-19, nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, a fim de gerar um mapa de risco sobre os municípios com menor e maior potencial para a sustentabilidade no pós-pandemia. Foi realizada uma análise ecológica, aplicado o instrumento Barômetro da Sustentabilidade, realizada a distribuição e análise espacial, utilizando o cálculo do Índice de Moran. Os resultados apresentam a distribuição e análise espacial do número de casos confirmados, coeficiente de incidência e quantitativo de óbitos pela COVID-19 no Estado. A espacialidade pode explicar o coeficiente de incidência da doença. Foi estimado o potencial para a sustentabilidade e gerado o mapa de risco do potencial para a sustentabilidade, no pós-pandemia do COVID-19, para os municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Spatial analysis and distribution of the potential for sustainability in the post-pandemic of COVID-19 in the municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul A B S T R A C TThe pandemic caused by the coronavirus triggered the possibility of the crisis in several segments, especially with the adoption of social isolation, the main action for the control of the infectious disease, therefore, the present study is justified by the concern in relation to the trends of sustainable development in the post-pandemic of COVID-19, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Measuring the degree of sustainability of the municipalities follows the thesis that the greater the degree of sustainability of the municipalities, the less the impact of the pandemic, and the greater the resources to restore balance. The objective of the research is to analyze the spatial distribution of the potential for sustainability in the post-pandemic of COVID-19, in the municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, in order to generate a risk map with less and greater potential for sustainability in the post- pandemic. This study was carried out by means of an ecological analysis and application of the Barometer of sustainability, later the distribution and spatial analysis was carried out by means of the Moran Index. The spatial analysis, performed by calculating the Moran Index, showed significant spatial independence for confirmed cases (I = 0.058; p = 0.024) and deaths (I = 0.032; p = 0.039), and a significant, albeit weak, correlation. for the incidence coefficient (I = 0.234; p = 0.001) of COVID-19. Spatiality does not explain the distribution of cases and deaths. However, when taking into account the population size of the municipalities, in relation to the number of cases, expressed by the incidence coefficient, the spatial aggregation gains merit. The potential for sustainability was estimated and the risk map of the potential for sustainability was generated, in the post-pandemic of COVID-19, for the municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul.Keywords: Moran index; Sustainability Barometer; Sustainability Index; coronavirus; Pandemic.

Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin Inhibits The Secretion of HBV Via Antigen-Antibody Precipitation in The Multivesicular Body

Although the main action of human hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) of neutralizing the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum is known, HBIG is known to be localized in the cell. However, the effect of intracellularly located HBIG is not well elucidated due to the low purity of conventional plasma-derived HBIG (cHBIG). We attempted to clarify the mechanism of action of internalized HBIG using recombinant HBIG (lenvervimab). We used HBsAg cell lines, non-HBsAg cell lines and human HBsAg-producing hepatocytes. Autophagosome lysis pathway related proteins and Rab5, calnexin, giantin, and Rab7 were used to localize HBsAg and anti-HBs-IgG in the cytoplasm with Western blot and confocal microscopy.Intracellular anti-HBs-IgG (lenvervimab and cHBIG) transported by Fc receptor-mediated endocytosis increased the autophagosomes, but there was no change in autolysis. HBsAg and anti-HBs-IgG precipitated in the cytoplasm and co-localized in the multivesicular body. HBsAg secretion in the culture medium was decreased after lenvervimab. Simultaneously, the amount of cellular HBsAg increased in the cell lines but decreased in the human hepatocytes. Furthermore, intracellular lenvervimab was not easily washed out only in the HBsAg cell lines.Lenvervimab decreases the secretion of HBsAg, and HBsAg-antibody precipitation in the multivesicular body might play an important role.

CANONICAL STRUCTURE OF CONSTRUCTION OF ORTHODOX CHURCHES

The Orthodox Church in a number of other Christian denominations is characterized by the stability of dogma and rituals, which in turn determines the symbolic significance of the subject environment of the church, the canonization of church paraphernalia and iconography. Thus, the canon, created on the requirements of the liturgy — the main action in the church, determines the structure of the church and the purpose of its premises. The article considers the creation of modern Orthodox churches based on the use of traditions and the formation of temple action in them as a synthesis of arts. Gaining Independence of Ukraine, the growth of self-awareness and the restoration of religious life put forward a number of major architectural tasks of building new, reconstruction of destroyed and restoration of temples adapted to other functions in the period of "militant atheism". Serious typo­logical problems are faced by architects who design modern sacred buildings and structures, as well as by urban planners, as this process has a significant impact on the urban situation in cities and villages, changes the public microclimate and infrastructure in the vicinity of temples areas. Despite the fact that the construction "boom" of the 90s of the twentieth century-calmed down a bit, the issues of typology and imagery of modern temple building remain relevant. The new urban policy on the development of spirituality and meeting the needs of religious orga­nizations is carried out in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Freedom of Conscience and Principles of Democracy" of April 23, 1991. № 988 (as amended in 1992–2019). Temple construction, as a special, but at the same time once significant part of the architectural activity of architects of Ukraine (pre-October period), is being restored. But this is a very complex process, based on the still insufficient practice of designing and building modern Orthodox churches, which requires the improvement of their typological and figurative solutions. On the basis of the author's research, practice of design and construction of sacred buildings and structures will be prepared the third edition of the design manual "Cult houses and buildings of different denominations", the provisions and requirements of which will contribute to the development of modern Ukrainian church building.

Тhe Russian Federation's Chairmanship at the Arctic Council

The article focuses on status, structure and organization of the Arctic Council (AC, Council). It is noted that the AC is an international, regional structure, which is designed to promote cooperation in the Arctic in the field of environmental protection and sustainable development of the circumpolar regions. In the activities of the countries chaired by the Arctic Council, special attention is paid to the continuity of the Arctic agenda. The importance of the Strategic Plan of the Arctic Council for 2021‒2030 adopted in 2021 for the further improvement of AC activities is highlighted. The central part of the study is devoted to Russia's approaches to international cooperation in the AC and an analysis of the content of the Programme of the Russian Federation's 2021 to 2023 Chairmanship of the Arctic Council. The aforementioned includes such priorities as the population of the Arctic and the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North; environmental protection and climate change; social and economic development in the region; strengthening the Arctic Council. The study also deals with the Main Action Plan, which covers all the countries of the AC and areas of its activities. The article draws attention to the risks and threats that may arise during the period of the Russian Chairmanship. It is concluded that the urgent problems of this region can be solved only through balanced and mutually beneficial international cooperation in the economic and social fields, in the field of ecology, development of indigenous peoples, cooperation in scientific research, Arctic tourism, emergencies in the region.

“The World is Stopped, but We Keep Going”: Nurses’ Processes of Emotional Labor During the SARS-COVID19 Pandemic

Background Under normal conditions, nursing requires a substantial amount of emotional labor. Past studies have found that nurses hide their emotions in order to embody a professional demeanor and display competence. There is little known about the CoVID pandemic’s impacts on nurses’ emotional labor, so this study examines nurses’ experiences during the pandemic and analyses the pandemic’s effects on the nurses’ emotional labor. Results After interviewing 15 CoVID nurses, I conclude that a majority (13/15 nurses) of the study participants felt fearful of their situation, yet they felt compelled to go to work because their duty to care for their patients. The nurses were only able to make the decision to go to work and fulfill their perceived duty because they were suppressing their fears. Conclusion I conclude that the nurses perform a slightly different version of emotional labor than what has been conceptualized by Hochschild (1979). In this process of emotional labor, the suppression of feelings forms the main action that is taken to meet external expectations that include a healthcare worker’s duty to care. The implications of this study suggest that nurses prioritize work over mental and physical health while not having the support systems needed to help them when they need it.

Practices, norms, and aspirations regarding the construction, validation, and reuse of code sets in the analysis of real-world data

Objective: Code sets play a central role in analytic work with clinical data warehouses, as components of phenotype, cohort, or analytic variable algorithms representing specific clinical phenomena. Code set quality has received critical attention and repositories for sharing and reusing code sets have been seen as a way to improve quality and reduce redundant effort. Nonetheless, concerns regarding code set quality persist. In order to better understand ongoing challenges in code set quality and reuse, and address them with software and infrastructure recommendations, we determined it was necessary to learn how code sets are constructed and validated in real-world settings. Methods: Survey and field study using semi-structured interviews of a purposive sample of code set practitioners. Open coding and thematic analysis on interview transcripts, interview notes, and answers to open-ended survey questions. Results: Thirty-six respondents completed the survey, of whom 15 participated in follow-up interviews. We found great variability in the methods, degree of formality, tools, expertise, and data used in code set construction and validation. We found universal agreement that crafting high-quality code sets is difficult, but very different ideas about how this can be achieved and validated. A primary divide exists between those who rely on empirical techniques using patient-level data and those who only rely on expertise and semantic data. We formulated a method- and process-based model able to account for observed variability in formality, thoroughness, resources, and techniques. Conclusion: Our model provides a structure for organizing a set of recommendations to facilitate reuse based on metadata capture during the code set development process. It classifies validation methods by the data they depend on — semantic, empirical, and derived — as they are applied over a sequence of phases: (1) code collection; (2) code evaluation; (3) code set evaluation; (4) code set acceptance; and, optionally, (5) reporting of methods used and validation results. This schematization of real-world practices informs our analysis of and response to persistent challenges in code set development. Potential re-users of existing code sets can find little evidence to support trust in their quality and fitness for use, particularly when reusing a code set in a new study or database context. Rather than allowing code set sharing and reuse to remain separate activities, occurring before and after the main action of code set development, sharing and reuse must permeate every step of the process in order to produce reliable evidence of quality and fitness for use.

ACONTECIMENTO PERFORMÁTICO PARA O NASCIMENTO DE UMA VIDA-VIRILHA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA COMPARTILHADA / Performative event for the birth of a virilha-life: a shared experience

O presente artigo é um diálogo com a performance Viril, da performer e escritora brasileira Ana Luisa Santos. Viril faz parte da série de trabalhos da artista sobre masculinidades, sobre a experiência das sexualidades fora do quadro dos binarismos e da heteronormatividade, sistema que governa a estrutura patriarcal. A performance de Santos tem como ação principal a leitura de um manifesto de sua autoria, Viril ou por uma performance queer da masculinidade. Mediante falas-falos, a artista interpela o público, mas também a si mesma, ao expor e tentar desconstruir a ficção violenta de masculinidade tóxica e seu atributo principal: a virilidade. A relação entre o texto da performer e a imagem de si que ela mostra é essencial. É a partir do compartilhamento de uma experiência íntima (autobiográfica), que as palavras adquirem dimensão política, sendo a linguagem da performance o que permite o intercâmbio e o estabelecimento de interconexões. A análise de Viril está inserida na necessidade de questionar quem conforma o(s) novo(s) sujeito(s) dos movimentos feministas hoje, para o que me apoio em pensadoras feministas não hegemônicas e no pensamento decolonial.Palavras-chave: Performance; corpo; feminismos; descolonização; vida-virilha. AbstractThis article is an analysis and a dialogue with the performance Viril by Brazilian performance artist and writer Ana Luisa Santos. Viril is part of the artist’s series of works on masculinities, on the experience of sexualities outside the framework of binarisms and heteronormativity, a system that governs the patriarchal structure. Santo’s performance has as main action the reading of a manifesto, Viril or by a Queer performance of masculinity. Through falas-falos, the artist challenges the audience, but also herself, by exposing and trying to deconstruct the violent fiction of toxic masculinity and its main attribute: virility. The relationship between the performer’s text and the image of herself is essential. It is from the sharing of an intimate autobiographical) experience, that words acquire a political dimension, with the language of performance allowing an exchange between performer and audience, as well as the establishment of interconnections. Viril’s analysis is inserted in the need to question who shapes the new subjects of feminist movements today, for which I rely on non-hegemonic feminist thinkers, as well as on decolonial thinking.Keywords: Performance; body; feminisms; decolonization; virilha-life.

Exploitation of Marine Molecules to Manage Alzheimer’s Disease

Neurodegenerative diseases are sociosanitary challenges of today, as a result of increased average life expectancy, with Alzheimer’s disease being one of the most prevalent. This pathology is characterized by brain impairment linked to a neurodegenerative process culminating in cognitive decline and behavioral disorders. Though the etiology of this pathology is still unknown, it is usually associated with the appearance of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The most used prophylaxis relies on anticholinesterase drugs and NMDA receptor antagonists, whose main action is to relieve symptoms and not to treat or prevent the disease. Currently, the scientific community is gathering efforts to disclose new natural compounds effective against Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative pathologies. Marine natural products have been shown to be promising candidates, and some have been proven to exert a high neuroprotection effect, constituting a large reservoir of potential drugs and nutraceutical agents. The present article attempts to describe the processes of extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds derived from sponges, algae, marine bacteria, invertebrates, crustaceans, and tunicates as drug candidates against AD, with a focus on the success of pharmacological activity in the process of finding new and effective drug compounds.

Ativação da intenção para redução do consumo de sal entre pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca: estudo qualitativo

Os objetivos deste estudo são apresentar os planos de ação e de enfrentamento de obstáculos para reduzir o consumo de sal elaborados por pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca e seu referente social; descrever a avaliação da experiência dos pacientes. Estudo de intervenção, qualitativo. Os pacientes foram aleatorizados em grupos Individual (n=15) e Colaborativo (n=13) e elaboraram planos de ação e de enfretamento de obstáculos para a redução do consumo de sal em consulta de enfermagem (T0); reforçados presencialmente 30 dias depois (T1); e por telefone 15 e 45 dias após T0. Foi utilizado debriefing para avaliar a experiência dos pacientes (n=15). O principal plano de ação corresponde à separação de uma colher de chá de sal/dia. Estratégias de enfrentamento incluíram apoio do referente social e aumento do uso de temperos naturais. A intervenção foi considerada fácil e útil. A Ativação da Intenção contribui para o rompimento de hábitos relacionados ao consumo de sal nesta população.Descritores: Enfermagem, Insuficiência Cardíaca, Comportamento Alimentar, Dieta Hipossódica. Activation of the intention to reduce salt consumption among patients with heart failure: a qualitative studyAbstract: The objectives of this study are to present the action and coping plans to reduce salt intake developed by patients with Heart Failure and their social referent; to describe patients' experience evaluation. Intervention research, qualitative. Patients were randomized into Individual (n=15) and Collaborative (n=13) groups and developed action and coping plans to reduce salt consumption in nursing consultations (T0); reinforced in person 30 days later (T1); and by telephone 15 and 45 days after T0. Debriefing was used to assess patients' experience (n=15). The main action plan corresponds to separation of one teaspoon of salt/day. Coping strategies included social referent support and increased use of natural spices. The intervention was considered easy and useful. The Implementation Intention contributes to the breaking of habits related to salt consumption in this population.Descriptors: Nursing, Heart Failure, Feeding Behavior, Diet, Sodium-Restricted. Activación de la Intención para reducción el consumo de la sal en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca: un estudio cualitativoResumen: Los objetivos de este estudio son presentar los planes de acción y afrontamiento para reducir el consumo de la sal elabordos por pacientes con Insuficiencia Cardíaca y su referente social; describir la evaluación de la experiencia de los pacientes. Investigación de intervención, cualitativa. Los pacientes fueron aleatorizados en grupos individuales (n=15) y colaborativos (n=13) y desarrollaron planes de acción y de afrontamiento para reducir el consumo de sal en las consultas de enfermería (T0); reforzados presencialmente unos 30 días después (T1); y por teléfono 15 y 45 días después del T0. Se utilizó el debriefing para evaluar la experiencia de los pacientes (n=15). El principal plan de acción corresponde a la separación de una cucharadita de sal/día. Las estrategias de afrontamiento incluyeron el apoyo de referentes sociales y un mayor uso de especias naturales. La intervención se consideró fácil y útil. La Activación de la Intención contribuye a la ruptura de hábitos relacionados con el consumo de la sal en esta población.Descriptores: Enfermería, Insuficiencia Cardíaca, Conducta Alimentaria, Dieta Hiposódica.

Forensic Tragedy

Charles IX was succeeded by his brother Henri III, pejoratively dubbed ‘Vilain Herodes’ (‘Henri de Valois’) by his opponents. The most virulent opposition came from the ultra-conservative Catholic League. Leaguers vilified Henri for breaking his oath to uphold the League’s mission to eradicate ‘heretics’; moreover, they blamed him for the ‘massacre’ of their champion, Henri de Guise, in 1588. Guise’s murder inspired a precocious young Leaguer, Pierre Matthieu, to compose a tragedy in his honour: La Guisiade (1589). This neo-classical tragedy has an overtly forensic aspect. Each act is accompanied by ‘arguments’ that present the circumstances of Guise’s death as a causa admirabilis—a case that will abnormally shock the audience’s sense of justice. The main action conjectures that the king’s perfidy and Guise’s assassination must have been the work of demonic villains acting ‘behind the scenes’.