Desenvolvimento participativo de produtos turísticos em terras indígenas na Amazônia brasileira

O artigo apresenta a metodologia criada e experimentada para o planejamento participativo de produtos turísticos em terras indígenas e os principais resultados de sua aplicação. O turismo foi identificado pelos indígenas como uma atividade econômica alternativa ao desmatamento durante o desenvolvimento dos Planos de Gestão Territorial na Terra Indígena Sete de Setembro (RO/MT) do Povo Paiter-Suruí e na Terra Indígena Nove de Janeiro (AM) do Povo Parintintin. Com o objetivo de propor princípios e procedimentos para visitação turística ordenada, o processo de planejamento participativo buscou garantir que, além de ser uma alternativa economicamente viável, o turismo seja também um instrumento de resgate e valorização cultural, que respeita a diversidade, mitos, cosmovisão e modo de vida atual indígena. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento dos produtos turísticos envolveu uma série de atividades como oficinas de turismo, intercâmbio, inventários, planejamento de roteiros, propostas de infraestrutura e estudos de mercado específicos para cada uma das etnias. Como resultado obteve-se propostas de operações turísticas viáveis e adequadas ao mercado, mas que também atendem às expectativas e possibilidades dos indígenas. Estas experiências também resultaram em uma metodologia de desenvolvimento de produtos turísticos estruturada na relação entre o saber científico e tradicional, portanto em uma dinâmica participativa, que poderá contribuir para a regulamentação da atividade turística em Terras Indígenas, adequando-se à Política Nacional de Gestão Ambiental e Territorial Indígena. Participative development of tourism products in indigenous lands located in the brazilian Amazon ABSTRACT The article presents the methodology created and experimented for participative planning applied in the development of tourism products in indigenous lands and the principal results obtained. During the development process of the Territorial Management Plans for the Sete de Setembro Indigenous Land, belonging to Paiter-Suruí People (States of Roraima and Mato Grosso) and for the Nove de Janeiro Indigenous Land, belonging to Parintintin People (Amazonas State), tourism was identified by the indigenous peoples themselves as being a viable alternative economic activity to deforestation. With the aim of proposing standards and procedures for organized guided tours, this project sought to guarantee that, in addition to representing a viable economic alternative, tourism should also function as a means of valuing and reviving traditional indigenous culture, in a way that respects the diversity, mythology, worldview and the way of life of tribal peoples today. The methodology of development of tourism products involved a series of activities, such as tourism workshops, interchange, register, planning tourist routes, proposals related to infrastructure and market studies specifically designed for each ethnic group. The results of this work are proposes of viable tourism operations, those also fulfils the expectations and possibilities of the Indigenous peoples themselves. These experiences resulted in a methodology of developing tourism products based on a relationship between scientific and traditional knowledge, consequently using a participative approach, which may be useful when regulating tourism activities in Tribal Lands, in accordance with Brazil’s National Policy for the Territorial and Environmental Management of Indigenous Lands. KEYWORDS: Tourism in Indigenous Lands; Participative Planning; Sustainability; Tourism Goods; Brazilian Amazon.

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Territorial and environmental management in the indigenous lands of Paru de Leste river: a collective challenge in the northern Brazilian Amazon

Sustentabilidade em Debate ◽

10.18472/sustdeb.v11n1.2020.19804 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 51-82

Author(s):

Cecília Awaeko Apalaí ◽

Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira ◽

Roberto Araújo ◽

Iori Leonel Van Velthem Linke

Keyword(s):

Environmental Management ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

National Policy ◽

Well Being ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Management Plan ◽

Implementation Challenges ◽

Cultural Autonomy ◽

Indigenous Lands

The National Policy for Environmental and Territorial Management of Indigenous Reserves – (PNGATI in Portuguese) aims to promote quality of life in a sustainable way for indigenous peoples in their lands, respecting socio-cultural autonomy and their own forms of territoriality. This text shows and discusses its socio-political reach and mobilization involved in the implementation of PNGATI with the indigenous peoples of the Paru de Leste River, northern Amazon. Data were collected during the construction stages and execution of the Territorial and Environmental Management Plan through 2014 to 2018. The data suggest that despite some permanent implementation challenges, the management plan was built in order to respect the constitutional precepts of autonomy and collective well-being, empowering, within the limits of this public policy, the indigenous peoples of the region.

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A VIEW ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF THE LEGAL AMAZON INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Revista Observatório ◽

10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2021v7n1a3en ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. a3en

Author(s):

Francisco Gilson Rebouças Porto Junior ◽

Vinicius Benites Alves ◽

Isaltina Santos da Costa Oliveira ◽

Juliene Santana da Costa

Keyword(s):

Environmental Management ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Significant Contribution ◽

National Policy ◽

Development Model ◽

Cultural Reproduction ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Indigenous Lands ◽

Management Plans ◽

Conservation Of Biodiversity

The present work focused on the study, reading and reflection on the National Policy for Environmental and Territorial Management in Indigenous Lands (PNGATI) and the Territorial and Environmental Management Plans (in Portuguese, Plano de Gestão Territorial e Ambiental – ‘PGTAs’), of indigenous lands of the peoples belonging to the Legal Amazon, through a documentary bibliographic research. These documents aim to bring a look at the significant contribution of indigenous peoples to the conservation of biodiversity, presenting the way of life of these peoples, the care they have with their territories for physical and cultural reproduction, as well as their challenges in face of the development model adopted by the country. The PGTAs in question refer to the Jamamadi, Yanomami and Wajãpi peoples of the respective states of Amazonas, Roraima and Amapá.

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Brazilian Amazon gold: indigenous land rights under risk

Elem Sci Anth ◽

10.1525/elementa.427 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Villén-Pérez ◽

Paulo Moutinho ◽

Caroline Corrêa Nóbrega ◽

Paulo De Marco

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Indigenous Health ◽

Global Climate ◽

Land Rights ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Indigenous Lands ◽

Indigenous Land Rights ◽

Indigenous Land

Brazilian indigenous lands prevent the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest while protecting the land rights of indigenous peoples. However, they are at risk because they overlap with large areas of registered interest for mining. Indigenous lands have been in the spotlight of the pro-development wing of the parliament for decades, and the current president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, promised that he would open up these territories for exploitation. Recently, bill PL191/2020 was released to downgrade the protection status of indigenous lands by regulating mining activities in these territories. Mining operations have an unavoidable socio-environmental impact on indigenous communities that is difficult to compensate. First, rapid demographic growth associated with the incoming migrant workforce often causes social disruption and threat indigenous societies. Moreover, sustained pollution related to mining procedures and accidental spills largely degrade the environment and imperil indigenous health. Finally, mining operations drive deforestation both within and beyond their operational boundaries. Mining is already an essential determinant of forest loss in the Amazon, where further deforestation may result in extended droughts with significant social and economic consequences. We conclude that, if mining operations were allowed in Brazilian indigenous lands, indigenous peoples would be imperiled along with regional and global climate and economies.

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Diversity of primates and other mammals in the middle Purus basin in the Brazilian Amazon

Mammalia ◽

10.1515/mammalia-2016-0136 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 82 (6) ◽

pp. 565-579

Author(s):

Ricardo Sampaio ◽

Fábio Röhe ◽

Anthony B. Rylands

Keyword(s):

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Primate Species ◽

Line Transect ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Subsistence Hunting ◽

The North ◽

Present Information ◽

Arc Of Deforestation ◽

Amazonas State

Abstract Information on the wildlife of the middle and upper reaches of the Purus in Brazil is scarce, and this region is one of the major remaining gaps in our understanding of the distributions and population status of mammals in the Brazilian Amazon. In this paper, we present information on the diversity of mammals of the middle Purus, in the south of Amazonas State, Brazil. Based on rapid inventories in four protected areas, and line-transect censuses in one of them, we provide locality records that indicate expansions of the known range of six primate species and a squirrel. Species more frequently seen during censuses were small and mid-sized primates and rodents, while records of larger mammals, which are more sensitive to subsistence hunting, were infrequent or lacking. Deforestation in the area is relatively low, but the area is close to the so-called “arc of deforestation” that is moving north and west from the north of the state of Mato Grosso into the states of Acre and Amazonas. The middle and upper Purus basin has been little explored, but is far from pristine, and populations of most of the species that are vulnerable to forest degradation and hunting are already reduced, especially close to the major rivers.

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Under-Reporting of COVID-19 Cases Among Indigenous Peoples in Brazil: A New Expression of Old Inequalities

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.638359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Martha Fellows ◽

Valéria Paye ◽

Ane Alencar ◽

Mário Nicácio ◽

Isabel Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Land Grabbing ◽

Economic Activities ◽

External Threats ◽

Indigenous Lands ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Indigenous Organizations

Objective: To estimate the incidence, mortality and lethality rates of COVID-19 among Indigenous Peoples in the Brazilian Amazon. Additionally, to analyze how external threats can contribute to spread the disease in Indigenous Lands (IL).Methods: The Brazilian Amazon is home to nearly half a million Indigenous persons, representing more than 170 ethnic groups. As a pioneer in heading Indigenous community-based surveillance (I-CBS) in Brazil, the Coordination of the Indigenous Organizations of the Brazilian Amazon (COIAB) started to monitor Indigenous COVID-19 cases in March of 2020. Brazil's Ministry of Health (MOH) was the main source of data regarding non-Indigenous cases and deaths; to contrast the government's tally, we used the information collected by I-CBS covering 25 Special Indigenous Sanitary Districts (DSEI) in the Brazilian Amazon. The incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 were calculated using the total number of new cases and deaths accumulated between the 9th and 40th epidemiological weeks. We studied (a) the availability of health care facilities to attend to Indigenous Peoples; (b) illegal mines, land grabbing, and deforestation to perform a geospatial analysis to assess how external threats affect Indigenous incidence and mortality rates. We used the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) with Poisson regression to show the results.Results: MOH registered 22,127 cases and 330 deaths, while COIAB's survey recorded 25,356 confirmed cases and 670 deaths, indicating an under-reporting of 14 and 103%, respectively. Likewise, the incidence and mortality rates were 136 and 110% higher among Indigenous when compared with the national average. In terms of mortality, the most critical DSEIs were Alto Rio Solimões, Cuiabá, Xavante, Vilhena and Kaiapó do Pará. The GLM model reveals a direct correlation between deforestation, land grabbing and mining, and the incidence of cases among the Indigenous.Conclusion: Through this investigation it was possible to verify that not only the incidence and mortality rates due to COVID-19 among Indigenous Peoples are higher than those observed in the general population, but also that the data presented by the federal government are underreported. Additionally, it was evident that the presence of illegal economic activities increased the risk of spreading COVID-19 in ILs.

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Sosio-Eco- Religio -Culture dalam Penyelamatan Krisis Lingkungan Hidup

Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia ◽

10.31258/dli.5.2.p.115-125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Husni Thamrin

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Human Life ◽

Ecological Crisis ◽

Land Policy ◽

Political Commitment ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Ecological Value ◽

Indigenous Lands ◽

Indigenous Land

One of the ironies of the development of human civilization is the development and modernization is intended to improve the quality of human life, but it is more often the presence of people become victims of development and modernization. More ironically, land and indigenous peoples are victims of an anthropocentric perspective and government policies that do not favor the local community.This is attributable to several factors: First, the ideology of developmentalism does not incorporate local wisdom, especially regarding indigenous land policy and management and wealth preservation socio-eco-religio-cultural as an integral part of all development programs. In the ideology of developmentalism traditionalism is the opposite of modernization so that all that is traditional, including indigenous lands rich culture and local wisdom considered adaptive in the times. Second, misperceptions people who think the indigenous people of Malays as a destroyer of the environment that must be removed or relocated in order to save the environment. Yet, precisely Malays indigenous peoples are the guardians of the environment from the invasion and destruction by outside communities, immigrant communities. Third, the nature only in terms of economic value, so that the release of the entire ecological value, the local political, social, cultural, spiritual and moral associated with customary land and the lives of indigenous peoples in the surrounding. Exploit indigenous lands and natural resources for the purpose of economic development and seen off as not have negative consequences for the existence of the indigenous population. Fourth, modernization and progress of civilization seen and measured primarily by the quality of the physical-economic-capitalistic. To improve the socio-economic level of local communities, especially the Malays must be returned to the ethical values of indigenous peoples. Socio-economic rights of indigenous peoples should be recognized and guaranteed by the government. There must be political commitment at global and national levels to protect the land rights of indigenous peoples and all the wisdom of socioeconomic Through paradigm approach socio-eco-religo culture is to save the existence of indigenous land as a factor supporting economic activity and all the wealth and wisdom of traditional, it can also be save the ecological crisis is mainly caused by faulty worldview that policy makers anthropocentric-capitalistic paradigm should be changed to sosio-eco-religio culture perspective.

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A Study on the works of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn with reference to Indian Genocide

IJOHMN ◽

10.24113/ijohmn.v3i6.42 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 31-43

Author(s):

V. Padmanaban

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Native American Studies ◽

American Government ◽

White American ◽

Political Status ◽

The People ◽

Indigenous Lands ◽

Westward Movement ◽

Wounded Knee

This work is a study on the works of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn who is proficient scholar and hails from South Dakotas and Sioux nations and their turmoil, anguish and lamentation to retrieve their lands and preserve their culture and race. Many a aboriginals were killed in the post colonization. Elizabeth Cook-Lynn grieves and her lamentation for the people of Dakotas yields sympathy towards the survived at Wounded Knee massacre and the great exploitation of the livelihood of the indigenous people and the cruelty of American Federal government. Treaty conserved indigenous lands had been lost due to the title of Sioux Nation and many Dakotas and Dakotas had been forced off from their homelands due to the anti-Indian legislation, poverty and federal Indian – white American policy. The whites had no more regard for or perceiving the native’s peoples’ culture and political status as considered by Jefferson’s epoch. And to collect bones and Indian words, delayed justice all these issues tempt her to write. The authors accuses that America was in ignorance and racism and imperialism which was prevalent in the westward movement. The natives want to recall their struggles, and their futures filled with uncertainty by the reality and losses by the white and Indian life in America which had undergone deliberate diminishment by the American government sparks the writer to back for the indigenous peoples. This multifaceted study links American study with Native American studies. This research brings to highlight the unchangeable scenario of the Native American who is in the bonds of as American further this research scrutinizes Elizabeth’s diplomacy and legalized decolonization theory which reflects in her literature career and her works but defies to her own doctrines.

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Indigenous Planning: From Forced Assimilation to Self-determination

Journal of Planning Literature ◽

10.1177/08854122211026641 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088541222110266

Author(s):

Michael Hibbard

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Settler Colonialism ◽

Land Rights ◽

Self Determination ◽

Indigenous Cultures ◽

Indigenous Planning ◽

Indigenous Land Rights ◽

Indigenous Land

Interest in Indigenous planning has blossomed in recent years, particularly as it relates to the Indigenous response to settler colonialism. Driven by land and resource hunger, settler states strove to extinguish Indigenous land rights and ultimately to destroy Indigenous cultures. However, Indigenous peoples have persisted. This article draws on the literature to examine the resistance of Indigenous peoples to settler colonialism, their resilience, and the resurgence of Indigenous planning as a vehicle for Indigenous peoples to determine their own fate and to enact their own conceptions of self-determination and self-governance.

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Environmental Threats over Amazonian Indigenous Lands

Land ◽

10.3390/land10030267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 267

Author(s):

Ana C. Rorato ◽

Michelle C. A. Picoli ◽

Judith A. Verstegen ◽

Gilberto Camara ◽

Francisco Gilney Silva Bezerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Forest Loss ◽

Mining Activities ◽

Buffer Zones ◽

Environmental Preservation ◽

Environmental Threats ◽

Indigenous Lands ◽

Arc Of Deforestation

This study investigates the main threats related to environmental degradation that affect Amazonian Indigenous Lands (ILs). Through a cluster analysis, we group ILs according to the set of common environmental threats that occur within and outside their limits. The results show that most of the 383 ILs are affected internally by a combination of different environmental threats, namely: deforestation, forest degradation, fires, mining, croplands, pastures, and roads. However, the ILs affected by multiple and relatively severe threats are mainly located in the arc of deforestation and the Roraima state. The threats related to forest loss (deforestation, forest degradation, and fires) are more intense in the ILs’ buffer zones than within, showing that ILs effectively promote environmental preservation. In the cluster analysis, we identified seven clusters that are characterized by common environmental threats within and around their limits, and, based on these results, we have outlined four environmental policy priorities to be strengthened and applied in Amazonian ILs: protecting ILs’ buffer zones; strengthening surveillance actions, and combating illegal deforestation, forest degradation, and mining activities in ILs; preventing and fighting fires; and removing invaders from all ILs in the Amazon. In this study, we warn that the threats presented make the Indigenous peoples in the Amazon more vulnerable. To guarantee indigenous peoples’ rights, illegal actions in these territories and their surroundings must be contained, and quickly.

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The immature stages of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), with notes on distribution and bionomics

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4358.2.10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4358 (2) ◽

pp. 375

Author(s):

GLEISON ROBSON DESIDÉRIO ◽

ANA MARIA PES ◽

NEUSA HAMADA ◽

JORGE LUIZ NESSIMIAN

Keyword(s):

Amazon Basin ◽

New Records ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

First Record ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Life Stages ◽

State Information ◽

Amazonas State

Immature stages of many Brazilian Smicridea species remains unknown, and efforts to describe all life stages are required. In this paper, the larva and pupa of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978, associated with adults through the metamorphotype method, are described and illustrated. In addition, the known distribution of this species is extended in the Brazilian Amazon Basin with new records from Amazonas state and the first record in Pará state. Information about its bionomics is also provided.

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