scholarly journals Megaeventos, legado e sustentabilidade: o caso da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Author(s):  
Laura Sinay ◽  
Maria Cristina Fogliatti de Sinay ◽  
Fabio Vinicius de Araujo Passos ◽  
Iluska Lobo Braga

Megaeventos são acontecimentos de diversas naturezas que atraem grandes massas populacionais, movimentam a economia, aproximam a mídia internacional e patrocinadores que, com seus investimentos, possibilitam a revitalização dos locais-sede, impulsionam o turismo, o setor hoteleiro e o comércio, geram empregos temporários e permanentes, promovem a imediata inserção do local sede no mercado global divulgando pelo mundo afora características econômicas, sociais e culturais do mesmo. Com políticas prévias de investimentos em segurança, transportes, saúde pública, educação e treinamentos corretos, os megaeventos podem, ainda, melhorar aspectos sociais negligenciados nas cidades sede, as revitalizando com obras de modernização e de expansão atraindo novas empresas e melhorando o mercado de trabalho. Contudo, sem o devido planejamento e preparativos, a concentração exacerbada de pessoas pode gerar externalidades indesejadas como poluição atmosférica, atos de vandalismo, acidentes e incidentes de diversas naturezas, aumento de preços de produtos, especulação imobiliária, desapropriações, marginalização de comunidades, aumento da prostituição, da delinquência e de ruídos cuja divulgação na mídia pode causar efeitos negativos, impactos estes que devem ser mitigados com o planejamento cuidadoso do evento visando o legado á cidade, através de investimentos alocados em aspectos deficitários e com o monitoramento do legado positivo para o local sede. O legado de um megaevento diz respeito à herança recebida pela população do local sede. Esse é considerado negativo quando, de algum modo, prejudica a população, como por exemplo, com dívidas adquiridas com os preparativos, com áreas desmatadas, com lagoas soterradas, com a poluição das águas, do solo e do ar e com o desemprego. Megaeventos são acontecimentos de diversas naturezas que atraem grandes massas populacionais, movimentam a economia, aproximam a mídia internacional e patrocinadores que, com seus investimentos, possibilitam a revitalização dos locais-sede, impulsionam o turismo, o setor hoteleiro e o comércio, geram empregos temporários e permanentes, promovem a imediata inserção do local sede no mercado global divulgando pelo mundo afora características econômicas, sociais e culturais do mesmo. Com políticas prévias de investimentos em segurança, transportes, saúde pública, educação e treinamentos corretos, os megaeventos podem, ainda, melhorar aspectos sociais negligenciados nas cidades sede, as revitalizando com obras de modernização e de expansão atraindo novas empresas e melhorando o mercado de trabalho. Contudo, sem o devido planejamento e preparativos, a concentração exacerbada de pessoas pode gerar externalidades indesejadas como poluição atmosférica, atos de vandalismo, acidentes e incidentes de diversas naturezas, aumento de preços de produtos, especulação imobiliária, desapropriações, marginalização de comunidades, aumento da prostituição, da delinquência e de ruídos cuja divulgação na mídia pode causar efeitos negativos, impactos estes que devem ser mitigados com o planejamento cuidadoso do evento visando o legado à cidade, através de investimentos alocados em aspectos deficitários e com o monitoramento do legado positivo para o local sede. O legado de um megaevento diz respeito à herança recebida pela população do local sede. Esse é considerado negativo quando, de algum modo, prejudica a população, como por exemplo, com dívidas adquiridas com os preparativos, com áreas desmatadas, com lagoas soterradas, com a poluição das águas, do solo e do ar e com o desemprego. É considerado positivo quando melhora as condições de vida da população do local sede, ampliando a economia, diversificando as oportunidades de moradia e revitalizando áreas abandonadas. Os megaeventos são tipos de eventos normalmente organizados por uma combinação de governos, empresas privadas e públicas e organizações não governamentais, cujos interesses, públicos e privados, devem possibilitar a transformação de custos conjuntos elevados em rentáveis dividendos. O objetivo deste artigo de natureza teórica é, após a revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, da apresentação dos passos seguidos para construir a proposta que levou a cidade do Rio de Janeiro ser a escolhida para sediar as Olimpíadas de 2016 e da experiência de 8 megaeventos sediados no Rio de Janeiro nos últimos 9 anos, propor ações para o planejamento de novos megaeventos de modo a efetivamente essas garantirem um legado positivo assim como a sustentabilidade do local sede. Mega-events, heritage and sustainability: The case of Rio de Janeiro City ABSTRACT Mega events are happenings of diverse natures that attract a huge number of participants, international media and sponsors, which foment the economic growth in the host city, improving its social status. Investments are to be applied to redevelop the host city, to promote tourism, hostelry and commerce, generating new jobs, and to promote the insertion of the host place in the global market, while spreading throughout the world, its economic, social and cultural characteristics. With investments on correct policies focused on public security, health, transport, education and training, mega events can improve social aspects, revitalizing cities with new infrastructure, attracting new services and improving the work market. But planning and studying to correctly allocate investments are needed to avoid the negative impacts- air pollution, vandalism, accidents and incidents, speculation, prostitution increase, delinquency- that the exaggerated concentration of people and publicity could provoke. Those negative impacts are to be avoided, or at least mitigated looking at the city legacy and through investments properly applied. Legacy can be negative, when it prejudices society through several aspects: water, soil and air pollutions, unemployment, financial debts left behind, and so on and it can be positive when associated actions bring all kind of new opportunities to the citizens. Mega events are usually organized by a combination of governments, private and public organizations, and non-governmental organizations in a way that their interests should make it possible to transform high costs in high social benefits. The purpose of this work is to present actions and directions to be followed when planning mega events in order to guarantee a positive legacy as well as their sustainability. This purpose will be achieved after the review of the technical bibliographic on mega events, of the steps followed to develop the proposal of the City of Rio de Janeiro - BRAZIL as the hostess of the Olympics of 2016 and the experience of this city which in 9 years hosted 8 mega events. KEYWORDS: Mega Events and Legacy; Mega Events and Sustainability; Mega Events and Associated Impacts.

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Saborio

<p>Rio de Janeiro is preparing to host two major sporting events in the coming years: the 2014 FIFA World Football Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games. Local authorities are promoting these mega events as an opportunity to increase the global competitiveness of the city. But in order to attract private capital from the global economy it is not enough for Rio to showcase the city as capable of organizing and implementing these events. Rather, the authorities must also demonstrate that what has been considered one of the most dangerous cities in the world can now become a safe place for business. To do so, what has been promoted as a new model of &lsquo;community policing&rsquo; the UPP (Pacifying Police Units) has been implemented since 2008 in 107 favelas. The majority of the favelas involved in the program are situated around the sites where these mega events will take place and around other wealthy areas of the city. This article analyses the relation between mega events, global competitiveness and the neutralization of local marginality.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Rio de Janeiro se pr&eacute;pare &agrave; accueillir les plus grands &eacute;v&eacute;nement sportifs des prochaines ann&eacute;es: la coupe du monde de football en 2014 et les jeux olympiques en 2016. Les autorit&eacute;s locales valorisent ces &eacute;v&eacute;nements mondiaux comme autant d&rsquo;opportunit&eacute;s pour augmenter la comp&eacute;titivit&eacute; de la ville.&nbsp; Cependant, il n&rsquo;est pas suffisant pour attirer les capitaux priv&eacute;s de l&rsquo;&eacute;conomie mondiale que Rio soit valoris&eacute;e comme une ville capable d&rsquo;organiser et de g&eacute;rer ces &eacute;v&eacute;nements. Les autorit&eacute;s doivent aussi d&eacute;montrer que, ce qui auparavant &eacute;tait consid&eacute;r&eacute; comme une des plus dangereuses villes du monde, peut maintenant devenir un endroit s&ucirc;r pour les entreprises. Dans ce but, l&rsquo; UPP (Pacifying Police Units) a &eacute;t&eacute; mis en place en 2008 dans 107 favelas et est d&eacute;crit comme le nouveau mod&egrave;le de la police communitarian. La plupart des favelas int&eacute;gr&eacute;es dans le programme sont situ&eacute;es autour des lieux qui accueilleront les &eacute;v&eacute;nements et dans d&rsquo;autres endroits confortables de la ville. Pour cette raisons, cette article analyse les relations entre les &eacute;v&eacute;nements mondiaux, la comp&eacute;titivit&eacute; mondiale et la neutralisation de la marginalit&eacute; locale.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Elsa Inés DALMASSO

Resumen: La Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas para el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) establecida en mayo de 1992, en la «Cumbre de la Tierra de Río de Janeiro», entró en vigor en marzo de 1994 con la premisa de reforzar la conciencia pública a escala mundial sobre los problemas relativos al Cambio Climático. Entre sus objetivos principales se destaca la estabilización de las concentraciones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI) en la atmósfera, para impedir riesgos en el sistema climático. La Conferencia de las Partes (COP) se establece como el órgano supremo de la Convención y la asociación de todos los países que forman parte de ella. Como asimismo lo es en calidad de Reunión de las Partes del Protocolo de Kioto (PK), En las reuniones anuales de la COP participan expertos en medio ambiente, ministros, jefes de estado y organizaciones no gubernamentales con la función de supervisar y examinar la aplicación de la Convención y del Protocolo. El objetivo es preparar inventarios de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero por las fuentes y su absorción por los sumideros, promoviendo y facilitando el intercambio de información sobre las medidas adoptadas y el desarrollo del proceso de negociación entre las Partes de la Convención. Concluyendo con la elaboración de un Compromiso de Estados, Empresas y Comunidad respecto a la regulación de los efectos sobre cambio climático.   Palabras clave: Cambio Climático; Naciones Unidas; Conferencia de las Partes.   Abstract: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established in May 1992, at the "Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro"; It entered into force in March 1994 with the premise of strengthening public awareness on a global scale about the problems related to Climate Change. Among its main objectives is the stabilization of concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere, to prevent risks in the climate system. The Conference of the Parties (COP) is established as the supreme organ of the Convention and the association of all the countries that are part of it. As it is also in the capacity of the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (KP), Environmental experts, ministers, heads of state and non-governmental organizations participate in the annual meetings of the COP, with the function of supervising and examining the application of the Convention and the Protocol, in order to prepare inventories of greenhouse gas emissions. greenhouse effect by the sources and their absorption by the sinks, promoting and facilitating the exchange of information on the measures adopted and the development of the negotiation process between the Parties to the Convention. Concluding with the elaboration of a Commitment of States, Companies and Community regarding the regulation of the effects on climate change Keywords: Climate Change; United Nations; Conference of the Parties


Author(s):  
Merdassa Feven Tariku

The article is devoted to the features of informal settlement in Addis Ababa and the role of governmental and non-governmental organizations and public participation in the sustainable development of informal settlements. The purpose of the article is to identify the main types and characteristics of informal settlements and to reveal the factors that hinder the success of programs for updating informal settlements in the city. The research methods were the analysis and generalization of domestic and foreign literature on this research problem. The main conclusion of this study is that the principles of folk architecture are integral components of solutions for the sustainable development of informal settlements.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
A Sangamithra ◽  
S Thilagavathy

Vaccination and the impact on health on the world’s people is very difficult to exaggerate. The main aim is to treat people with mental health issues and substance use of disorder. Vaccination is crucial in terms of ensuring the overall health conditions and well–being. The development of vaccines is an expensive and lengthy process. Depreciation is high and takes multiple candidates and long years to produce a licensed vaccine. The access to vaccines that prevent life-threatening infectious diseases remains not equal to all the population. The benefits of vaccination derive from health and economic benefits and the health benefits have diminishing returns as a result of high-risk individuals been vaccinated first. Economic benefits depend both on the health benefits and on how reduced risk of infection and death translates into a leading general economic activity. Department of Government is required to perform a systematic economic analyses of vaccines and to justify their given pressure on both private and public finances on a global level; provoke in the year 2008 financial crash. Mostly, the government supports charities and non-governmental organizations, where people invest in these, with the hope of improving the health conditions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3860
Author(s):  
José María Agudo-Valiente ◽  
Pilar Gargallo-Valero ◽  
Manuel Salvador-Figueras

Using the 2008 Zaragoza International Exhibition “Water and sustainable development” as a case study, this paper aims to respond to the increasing demand for measurements of the effects and the implications of the performance of cross-sector partnerships from the perspective of their intended final beneficiaries. A contingency framework for measuring the short-, medium- and long-term effects of the 2008 Zaragoza International Exhibition is developed based on a “results chain” or “logic model”. Our results highlight that there are positive long-term synergies between the two main purposes of the 2008 Zaragoza International Exhibition; first, to increase public awareness of and commitment to the problems of water and sustainable development and, second, to make the city of Zaragoza better known internationally and to modernize its infrastructures. Although respondents to our survey consider that the long-term effects on the city are greater, the main short- and medium-term effects are related to awareness of water problems, sustainable development and non-governmental organizations. These results are in tune with what has happened around the city in the last 10 years providing indirect validity both to our study and to the proposed methodology.


2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Curi ◽  
Jorge Knijnik ◽  
Gilmar Mascarenhas

Sport mega-events were very important for Brazil in 2007. The 15th Pan American Games took place in Rio de Janeiro. It was the largest international tournament held in Brazil since the 1950 World Cup and the 1963 Pan American Games. The latter were held in São Paulo. In 2007, 5000 athletes and 60,000 tourists were expected from the 42 participating countries. Despite being a developing country, Brazil does have a sizable middle class, but in Rio de Janeiro there are also lots of favelas (slums), where millions of poor people live. Despite vast differences in wealth, power and social status, these socially and culturally distinct groups nonetheless utilize common public spaces. We see this social confrontation as a major question for the analyses of sport mega-events and we would like to demonstrate its consequences on a local level . This social tension was such that the Organizing Committee actually constructed a ‘big wall’ around the stadiums which turned them into islands of excellence to be shown on television, thus hiding the unsightly parts of the city, that is, poor neighborhoods and favelas. This wall could be seen as the BRIC-way of organizing mega-events.


2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmyta Surbakti

In the last two decades, specially when Medan City has got involved in the urban developmentalism, through the modernization and capital globalization, many historical buildings are destructed in order to build shopping centres, through hegemony and/or demolition by neglection. Using their hegemonic discourses, the local government supports controversially the destruction although the Perda was already issued. The most important discourse is the promise that the shopping centres will create employment for the local people as well as generate revenues for the government. To resist the destruction, counter-hegemonic ones are built by the society supported by critical groups, such as non-governmental organizations called Badan Warisan Sumatra (Sumatra Heritage Trust (BWS/SHT) with the central figure Hasti Tarekat as well as intellectuals, and mass media. Such a destruction does not only omit history and identity of the city but also neglect the tourism development based on the aesthetics of the heritages, which is potential to emansipatory praxis of the society.


Author(s):  
Mehmet Hasdemir ◽  
Füsun Zehra Özkan

The negative impacts of global-scale developments and consumption habits on the environment are increasing each day. In this context, studies are conducted worldwide by many institutions and non-governmental organizations to support environmental policies. Additionally, certification programs are being executed by conformity assessment bodies to mitigate the impacts of production processes on the environment. These management systems or certification programs are either used on a voluntary basis or made mandatory by company policy, national or international regulations. The certification programs were firstly started to be used in industry and service sectors and are currently being used in agriculture sector. The certification programs used in agriculture sector aim to ensure an environmentally-friendly agricultural production process and improve consumer trust and satisfaction. This study aims to address the extent to which implementation of ISO/IEC 17065 Standard based organic and good agricultural practices and GLOBALG.A.P. certification programs and ISO 14001 Management System Standard have contributed to environmental sustainability in Turkey.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada khaleefah Mohammed ◽  
Najwa Sadiq Aljanabi

The evolution of new concepts for sustainable planning and development of cities in the world and use these concepts and their practical application and success significantly especially in the developed countries and applied in some developing countries leads us to search for new mechanisms that could be used in Iraq and pave the way for sustainable development of the urban environment of cities.  The urban environment of the city of Karrada need rise include social, economic, urban, environmental, and this only by using new methods of management and planning are different from those that dealt with the city, focusing on the urban side only. And based on the nature and aesthetic achievement of the principles and objectives of the city of Wuxi, which represent the privacy of Baghdad and Iraq at large is not a simple process, but need to share all of the State, individuals and non-governmental organizations and the private sector.


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