scholarly journals Laughter in modern English and Ukrainian political texts

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
Darina Stanko ◽  
◽  
Natalia Chendey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Peripheral Structure ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Linguistic Means

The paper deals with the semantic features of the representation of the abstract-emotional concept of «laughter» in terms of its central-peripheral structure in contemporary English and Ukrainian political texts. The concept is defined as a complex, culturally labeled, mentally affective notion that has a conceptual, figurative and value meaning and is actualized in dictionaries and political texts by various linguistic means. The research material includes articles, interviews, debates, messages, political commentaries published in the contemporary English and Ukrainian political press of the last decade and actualizes the abstract-emotional concept of «laughter». In Ukrainian and English political texts the abstract-emotional concept of «laughter» is perceived through the prism of fun and tears as expressions of happiness and unhappiness, but for the Ukrainian language, laughter is more often associated with the sound and events that cause it. Cognitive and discourse methods used in the article allow to establish the content and structure of abstract-emotional concept «laughter» not only in everyday life, but in discourse by means of nominal, descriptive and expressive embodiment. In political speeches, «laughter» is a traditional manifestation of arrogance and contempt; it helps express opposition to ideas, plans, forecasts, actions of the object of ridicule. Although, a person can laugh out loud as a result of happiness, in political texts the token «roar» and its Ukrainian equivalent «реготати» denote negative emotional states. Loud / Homeric laughter is contrasted with silence or giggles. In Ukrainian fiction «giggling» denotes fun, positive emotional reactions, but in the context of political speeches or commentary, this token represents a disparaging attitude towards a subject who laughs in this way or verbalizes manifestations of meanness, inferiority. The results of the study showed that the abstract-emotional concept of «laughter» is a coherent system, the components of which not only interact, but complement each other, forming a conceptual field. The content of the concept includes everything that a person knows about this phenomenon, emotional associations of different nature. The verbalization of the concept «laughter» in Ukrainian and English political texts is worked out taking into account its representation in synonyms as well as in free expressions and idioms. Idioms and phraseological expressions clarify the meaning of the concept on the basis of metaphorical similarity to other sentence components that is the object for studying in further works on this topic. Nominal expressions decipher and express the meaning of the concept, reveal the peculiarities of verbalization of emotions, affective states in the linguistic consciousness of the individual through the lens of political text.

Examining the Utility of the Saskatchewan Mood Inventory for Individuals with Memory Loss

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Burton ◽  
Margaret Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Event Category ◽  
High Event ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTThe Saskatchewan Mood Inventory (SMI) is a caregiver-focused assessment and research tool that was designed to enhance understanding of the emotional experiences of individuals with dementia and to identify relationships between level of cognitive impairment and family member ratings of pleasant and unpleasant emotional responses during daily activities. Family members were instructed to use the semi-structured written log to document prospectively the type and intensity of emotion expressed by the individual with dementia, to describe the associated emotion-evoking events or activities, and to monitor and record their own emotional reactions. Twenty-seven family caregivers recruited from Alzheimer support groups used the log consistently during a 2-week monitoring period to document an average of three emotion-evoking events per day. Average emotion ratings were more positive for individuals with moderate levels of dementia than for those with severe cognitive impairment, and caregivers' ratings of their family members' and their own emotional states were positively correlated. The event-reporting procedures produced narrative descriptions of emotion-evoking activities that were subsequently coded for content. Inter-rater reliability estimates were high. Event-category summaries are reported in association with positive, negative, and neutral emotional responses for individuals with moderate and severe levels of dementia. Level of impairment was related both to the relative frequency of positive and negative emotions and to the type of event category reported by caregivers.

scholarly journals RUSSIAN-TO-ENGLISH SIMULTANEOUS HUMAN TRANSLATION OF CAUSE-AND-EFFECT RELATIONS VS. GOOGLE TRANSLATE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Nikulina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
Simultaneous Translation ◽  
Linguistic Means

The paper emphasizes that the study of Google Translate capacities in simultaneous translation might be relevant due to the advances in machine translation based on artificial intelligence technologies. The research material includes transcripts of public speeches and their Russian-to-English translation collected from the Official Internet Resources of the President of Russia [http://kremlin.ru/] as well as Russian-to-English translation of the speeches via Google Translate. The paper analyses structural and semantic features of Russian linguistic means that convey cause-and-effect relations and reveals the ways of simultaneous human and machine interpreting them into English.

scholarly journals LEXICO-SEMANTIC STYLISTIC DEVICES IN POLITICAL SPEECHES BY BILL CLINTON

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(77)) ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
Anna Burtnyk ◽  
Marta Karp
Keyword(s):  
Bill Clinton ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Inaugural Speech ◽  
The People ◽  
National Convention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Linguistic Means

The research deals with the study of stylistic and lexical peculiarities of political speeches of American ex-president Bill Clinton. Special attention is given to the individual characteristics of the language of the orator. The novelty of the study concerns detailed analysis, classification and comparison of lexico-semantic stylistic devices based on the speeches of B. Clinton. The object of the research deals with political speeches of B. Clinton including the first inaugural speech (January 20, 1993), farewell address (January 18, 2001), speech on Democratic National Convention (July 26, 2016). The information obtained through the analysis of political speeches helps to trace the influence of the words of a politician used in one context or another in order to establish power, influence and control of the people, as well as to understand the goals and intentions of a politician. The subject of the study describes lexico-semantic stylistic devices of the speeches. The practical value of the work highlights the ability to detect and interpret the use of linguistic means in political speeches. In the paper the main features of B. Clinton’s political speeches and their influence on people’s opinion have been revealed.

scholarly journals A phenomenology of subjectively relevant experiences induced by ayahuasca in Upper Amazon vegetalismo tourism

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom John Wolff ◽  
Simon Ruffell ◽  
Nigel Netzband ◽  
Torsten Passie
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Heuristic Study ◽  
Visual Phenomena ◽  
Emotional Conflicts ◽  
The Individual

Aims This heuristic study reports observations on the phenomenology of ayahuasca experiences of nine foreign tourist participants of an ayahuasca retreat in Peru. Methods Narrative interviews, reflecting individual experiences after ayahuasca “night ceremony,” have been analyzed by qualitative content analysis using a data-driven strategy in order to extract themes and categories inherent in the interviews. Previously, a demographic questionnaire was given. The dose–response connection was uncontrolled, which is typical for this naturalistic setting. Results The typical structure of spontaneously reported experiences includes: personal preparation, physical symptoms, visual phenomena, cognitive and emotional phenomena, reactions of the individual within the psychedelic “world” as well as within ordinary reality, and appraisal to the process. Emotional reactions were subsumed under pleasant (psychotherapeutic “target emotions” and hedonistic emotions) and unpleasant emotions. For a majority, the presence of psychotherapeutic target emotions seemed to involve the presence of unpleasant emotions in the same session – possibly as transitional emotional states. Conclusions This suggests that psychodynamic processes, for example, possible activation of emotional conflicts – can take place spontaneously, during ayahuasca intake in this particular setting. Some participants attributed symbolic meaning to the visionary content, which was more likely to take place in psychotherapeutically motivated clients. The specific setting influence as well as corresponding expectations of the participants in native wisdom could have considerable influence on experiences and interpretations, such as communication with entities as well as receiving personal teachings.

scholarly journals Action planning and affective states within the auditory peripersonal space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Bahadori ◽  
Roberto Barumerli ◽  
Michele Geronazzo ◽  
Paola Cesari
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Motor Reaction ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Affective Components ◽  
The Individual

AbstractFast reaction to approaching stimuli is vital for survival as for sounds entering the individual auditory Peripersonal Space (PPS). Closer sounds have found to provoke higher motor cortex activation particularly for highly arousing sounds, showing the close relationship for perceptual components of the sounds and motor preparation. Here Normal Hearing (NH) individuals and Cochlear Implanted (CI) individuals have been compared in their ability to recognize evaluate and react to affective stimuli entering the PPS. Twenty (seven females) NH and ten (three females) CI participants were asked to react to Positive (P), Negative (Ne), Neutral, (Nu) affective sounds virtually ending at five different distances from their body by performing fast arms flexion. Pre-motor Reaction Times (pm-RTs) were detected via EMG from postural muscles to measure action anticipation at different sound stopping distances; furthermore, the same sounds were evaluated for their level of valence and arousal perceived. Both groups showed the ability to localize the sound distances but only NH individuals modulated their pm-RTs based on the sound distance. Interestingly when the sound was not carrying affective components, as for Nu sounds, both NH and CI individuals triggered the promptest pre-motor reaction time (shorter pm-RT) when compared to P and N sounds. Only NH individuals modulated sound distance with the level of sound arousal, while sound’s valence was similarly perceived by both NH and CI individuals. These results underline the role of emotional states in action preparation and describe the specific perceptual components necessary to properly react to approaching sounds within peripersonal space.

Evaluating Risk-Propensity Assessment Methods: Patterns in Repeated Exposure to Emotional Stimuli

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Sahinya Susindar ◽  
Harrison Wissel-Littmann ◽  
Terry Ho ◽  
Thomas K. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Comparison Results

In studying naturalistic human decision-making, it is important to understand how emotional states shape decision-making processes and outcomes. Emotion regulation techniques can improve the quality of decisions, but there are several challenges to evaluating these techniques in a controlled research context. Determining the effectiveness of emotion regulation techniques requires methodology that can: 1) reliably elicit desired emotions in decision-makers; 2) include decision tasks with response measures that are sensitive to emotional loading; and 3) support repeated exposures/trials with relatively-consistent emotional loading and response sensitivity. The current study investigates one common method, the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), for its consistency and reliability in measuring the risk-propensity of decision-makers, and specifically how the method’s effectiveness might change over the course of repeated exposures. With the PANASX subjective assessment serving for comparison, results suggest the BART assessment method, when applied over repeated exposures, is reduced in its sensitivity to emotional stimuli and exhibits decision task-related learning effects which influence the observed trends in response data in complex ways. This work is valuable for researchers in decision-making and to guide design for humans with consideration for their affective states.

Satisfaction and Performance of the International Faculty: To What Extent Emotional Reactions and Conflict Matter?

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110305
Author(s):  
Majid Ghasemy ◽  
Farhah Muhammad ◽  
Jamshid Jamali ◽  
José Luis Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Affective States ◽  
International Faculty ◽  
Mediating Role

Guided by affective events theory (AET), our inquiry aims at examining the relationships among affective work events, affective states, affect-driven behaviors, and attitudes of international faculty working in the Malaysian institutions of higher learning. Specifically, the impacts of interpersonal conflict, as a work event, on international faculty’s affective states were in focus. In addition, the mediating role of job performance, as an affect-driven behavior, on the relationship between affective states and job satisfaction, as an attitude, was examined. Data were collected from 152 respondents and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to estimate the proposed theoretical model. Our model was examined from an explanatory-predictive perspective and exhibited a high level of out-of-sample predictive power. In addition, the results of the analysis highlighted the role of interpersonal conflict in causing affective states and affective states in causing job satisfaction. However, empirical evidence was not provided for the mediating role of job performance within the proposed model. Finally, given the fluctuating nature of the affective states, a robustness check verified the nonlinear relationship between positive affect and job performance. Implications of the findings, limitations, and recommendations were elaborated.

Anti-craving biofeedback program in clinical course of pathological addictions

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s879-s879
Author(s):  
I. Sosin ◽  
Y. Chuev ◽  
A. Volkov ◽  
O. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Individual Preference ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
External Monitoring ◽  
Computer Testing ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Monitoring Module ◽  
And Control

IntroductionModern clinical narcology searches for anti-craving programs to overcome psychoactive substances (PAS) pathological addiction with bio-adaptive regulation of systems (BARS).Aims and objectivesTo develop computer modified biofeedback program integrated with Luscher test.MethodTwenty-two PAS addicts who were undergoing biofeedback modified psycho-training were examined. Computer rheoencephalogram (REG) was used as an external monitoring module.ResultsTechnologically novel biofeedback computer modification was developed with preceding Luscher computer testing for determination of the individual preference colour and the colour producing individual unpleasant associations in respondents. Consequently, biofeedback program was corrected differentially by changing standard colour templates for those personified on monitor. Cerebral hemodynamics condition transferred to individually designed for a particular respondent colour registers is used as a homeostatic parameter reflecting alcohol craving presence/absence: in case of the disordered REG parameters the signal reflects the respondent's unpleasant (negative) colour, and with no craving the screen is filled with positive, pleasant, favourite colour. During BARS auto-training the respondents’ skills to mediate present subjective clinical PAS craving manifestations with unpleasant colour and the experimental auto-training method have been mastered, and those psycho emotional states which displace PAS craving symbolic colour from the screen are selected, and it is substituted with favourite colour (symbol of healthy mode of life motivations).ConclusionsUsage of combined BARS biofeedback improved effectiveness of the training and allowed to objectivize and control the condition of the patient getting reliable visual and digital information about either regress or activation of PAS craving and potential relapse of addictive behaviour.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals SOCIO-CULTURAL FEATURES OF SPEAKERS’ COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT SOCIAL ROLES AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myroslava Lohvynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is a study of the features of the individual’s communicative behavior, when implementing different social roles. By analyzing the concept of the social role and status, author puts forward the classification of the most frequent social roles represented by an individual in formal and informal communication situations (that of a father, lecturer, friend, colleague, employer, employee, consultant). The work is based on the number of studied and investigated dialogical fragments, where one character appears in different social roles and uses various language means. Having considered typical communicative situations, the author also singles out linguistic and extra-linguistic means which mark the changes of speaker’s social roles, namely: elevated, sarcastic, polite, sad, ironic, joyful, neutral, strict, humorous, angry, contemptuous, intrusive, friendly, confident and other tones as well as smile, frown and raised eyebrows, laugh, direct eye contact, pointing finger, pointing the hand etc. At the next stage of the analysis the author reveals the language means that mark the changes of the speaker's social roles as well as outlines the difficulties, connected with their translation into Ukrainian. Translation of the dialogical fragments was studied in order to find out types of rendition of the means that indicate realization of different social roles by the speaker. Non-verbal communication was also researched, aiming to find out correlation between the social role of the speaker and the means, used by the speaker, according to his social role. As a result, the paper presents the analysis of such means of translation as transliteration, transcription, antonymous, descriptive, and contextual tracing, literal types of translation as well as their dependence on the social role of the speaker. So the components of intercourse let communicative behavior of the individual to be comprehensively considered. Thereby, the results of the study, their representation in per cents, as well as examples of the communicative situations and their analysis, are represented in the following article.

scholarly journals Phraseologismen im Bereich der Sexualität. Eine lexikographische Analyse an deutschen und polnischen Beispielen

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Lidzba ◽  
Krystian Suchorab
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Unwritten Law ◽  
Linguistic Means

People’s sex life is very often, if not always, taboo in everyday life. The theming of this area of life is made possible by various linguistic means that allow one to speak about this content. Phraseological units also serve this purpose. The starting point of this article is the definition of phrasemes according to Burger (2015:11): “Firstly, they [phraseologisms] consist of more than one word; secondly, the words are not put together for this one occasion, but are combinations of words that we, as German speakers, know exactly in this combination (possibly with variants), similar to how we know German words as individual items”. In addition, it is noteworthy that thanks to the characteristic of idiomaticity (cf. Fleischer 1982:30), this taboo is particularly reinforced. At the center of our analysis are phrasemes related to sex life. The research material was taken from German and Polish dictionaries. The purpose of the presentation is to create a typology of thematic areas which are characterized with the help of phrasemes relating to sex life in German and Polish. The article is based on the following definition of a taboo: “an unwritten law that forbids doing certain things based on certain beliefs within a society” (Duden 2015:1735).

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