scholarly journals Change of antioxidant compounds of spices during drying

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Andrea Kántor ◽  
Loránd Alexa ◽  
Emőke Papp-Topa ◽  
Béla Kovács ◽  
Nikolett Czipa
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Very High

Spices and herbs have been used by humanity for thousands of years, so they are very important plants. In this study, the change of dry matter content and antioxidant compounds of eight spices (basil, thyme, rosemary, mint, parsley, lemongrass, chives, coriander) have been examined the raw plants and in plants preserved by three different drying methods (an oven in 50–60°C; drying at room temperature; lyophilisation between -40 and -50°C, under pressure), because we wanted to see the change of the parameters. The water content of raw plants was very high, i.e. the dry matter content was very low. By the application of the three drying methods nearly 100% of the water has left the plants, with the exception of the lyophilized basil and rosemary. Based on the results related to the original material, lyophilized has proved to be the best treatment for the preservation of antioxidant compounds, however air drying also showed high results for some spices.  

scholarly journals The effect of sunburn damage on the fruit quality parameters of apple (Malus domestica cv. Idared)

2005 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Lejla Budai ◽  
József Racskó ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
Miklós Soltész ◽  
Ervin Farkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Epidermal Tissue

In the present study the authors investigated the effect of sunburn injury on fruit quality parameters (cover colour, depth of tissue damage, fruit flesh firmness, dry matter content) of apple.The symptoms of sunburn injury appeared as concentric rings, differing in colour from each other and the cover colour. This can be connected with the ratio of the injury. The authors observed the following colours on the fruit surface (from the epicentre of spots on the surface of the fruit) dark brown (strongly damaged), light brown (moderately damaged), pale red transition (weakly damaged), red surface cover colour (not damaged).Sunburn of apple fruits is a surface injury caused by solar radiation, heat and low relative humidity. In the initial phase, a light corky layer, golden or bronze discolouration and injuries of the epidermal tissue appear on the surface exposed to radiation. Thus, it detracts from the fruit’s appearance, but in most of the cases it would not cause serious damages in the epidermal tissue. The depth of tissue damage is not considerable, its values are between 1.5-2.0 mm in general. It is commonly known, that tissue structure of the apple fruit is not homogeneous. Accordingly, the degree of injury shows some differences under the different parts of the fruit surface.On the basis of the flesh firmness studies, it can be stated that the flesh firmness of the damaged parts increases due to the sunburn effect. This is due to the fact that the damaged plant cells die, the water content of the tissue decreases and it hardens. However, due to this reduction in the water content the dry matter content will increase.

scholarly journals A Mobile NMR Sensor and Relaxometric Method to Non-destructively Monitor Water and Dry Matter Content in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carel W. Windt ◽  
Moritz Nabel ◽  
Johannes Kochs ◽  
Siegfried Jahnke ◽  
Ulrich Schurr
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Intact Plants

Water content (WC) and dry matter content (DMC) are some of the most basic parameters to describe plant growth and yield, but are exceptionally difficult to measure non-invasively. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry may fill this methodological gap. It allows non-invasive detection of protons in liquids and solids, and on the basis of these measures, can be used to quantify liquid and dry matter contents of seeds and plants. Unfortunately, most existing NMR relaxometers are large, unwieldy and not suitable to measure intact plants or to be used under field conditions. In addition, currently the appropriate NMR relaxometric methods are poorly suited for non-expert use. We here present a novel approach to overcome these drawbacks. We demonstrate that a basic NMR relaxometer with the capability to accept intact plants, in combination with straightforward NMR and data processing methods, can be used as an NMR plant sensor to continuously, quantitatively and non-invasively monitor changes in WC and DMC. This can be done in vivo, in situ, and with high temporal resolution. The method is validated by showing that measured liquid and solid proton densities accurately reflect WC and DMC of reference samples. The NMR plant sensor is demonstrated in an experimental context by monitoring WC of rice leaves under osmotic stress, and by measuring the dynamics of water and dry matter accumulation during seed filling in a developing wheat ear. It is further demonstrated how the method can be used to estimate leaf water potential on the basis of changes in leaf water content.

scholarly journals Effects Of Storage Conditions On The Quality Of Unripe Hazelnuts In The Husk

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogumił Markuszewski ◽  
Jan Kopytowski
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Storage Diseases ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres

Abstract The purpose of the study was to assess the storability of unripe hazelnuts in the husk of four cultivars: ‘Hall’s Giant’, ‘Catalan’, ‘Webb’s Prize Cob’ and ‘Cosford’. The nuts were stored in normal and controlled atmospheres, and in Xtend® bags for three months. A quality assessment was performed based on the following parameters: weight of the nut in the husk and without the husk, weight of the kernel, percentage of nuts with husk attached, dry matter content in kernels, infection with fungal diseases, and the presence of physiological disorders. The study demonstrated that hazelnuts stored in Xtend® bags and under a controlled atmosphere had a higher weight for the nut in the husk and without the husk, as well as a higher weight of the kernel and water content when compared to batches of hazelnuts stored in a normal atmosphere. The percentage of nuts remaining in the husk was also higher when stored under such conditions. For the majority of investigated cultivars the storage in Xtend® bags, and to a lesser extent under normal atmosphere conditions, resulted in a substantial increase in nuts infected with fungal and abiotic diseases. Among investigated cultivars, ‘Hall’s Giant’ turned out to be the most resistant to storage diseases.

scholarly journals Biochemical Composition of Eggplant Fruits: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7078
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sharma ◽  
Prashant Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties

Eggplant is one of the most important vegetable crops known for its nutritive benefits due to the abundance of various bioactive compounds, which include proteins, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, phenolics, and dry matter content. In addition, eggplant has significant pharmaceutical properties that have been recently recognized. Eggplant produces secondary metabolites, including glycoalkaloids, antioxidant compounds, and vitamins, which appear to be the major source of its health benefits. It has been reported that there is a considerable correlation between the regular use of phytochemicals and the defense against diseases. Therefore, researchers must analyze the biochemical composition of eggplants to obtain more information about their nutritional quality and health benefits. In this review, an attempt is made to explain the qualitative and quantitative aspects of different biochemicals present in eggplant, in addition to their beneficial health effects.

scholarly journals Effect of salinity stress on plant growth and root yield of carrot

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
I Jahan ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MR Karim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Yield

This study was carried out at Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effects of different levels of NaCl salinity on plant growth and root yield of two carrot varieties during the period from November, 2016 to February, 2017. Four levels of NaCl salt concentration viz., 0 (Control), 50, 100 and 150 mM and two varieties of carrot namely Shundori and Kuruda were used for this pot experiment. The two-factor experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The yield and yield components varied significantly between two carrot varieties and intensity of salt concentration. The maximum plant height (33.92 cm), length of leaves (14.51 cm), fresh weight of leaves (9.62 g), percent dry matter content of leaves (21.25 %), length of root (9.05 cm), diameter (11.24 cm), dry matter content of roots (18.18 %) were produced by Shundori. On the other hand, maximum water content of leaves (80.89 %), water content of roots (84.57 %) and weight of roots (10.76 g) were exhibited by Kuruda. Most of the studied parameters showed decreasing trends with the highest level of salinity (200 mM NaCl) producing lowest weight of roots (3.93 g). In case of combined effects of variety and salt concentrations, Kuruda with control condition produced maximum weight of roots (20.62 g) while the minimum weight of roots (3.53 g) was obtained by the combination of Kuruda with the highest level of salt concentration (200 mM NaCl). The result of the experiment revealed that the salinity stress significantly reduced all studied parameters at 100 mM and 150 mM as compared to control and 50 mM NaCl. Therefore, it can be concluded that the variety of Kuruda was found as relatively salt tolerant than Shundori. Progressive Agriculture 30 (3): 263-274, 2019

scholarly journals Vegetable Rennet Tablets for Fresh Cheese Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
R F Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Murrah Buffalo ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
The Cost

Indonesia has a Muslim population of around 200 million and many make religious trips to Arabia and taste fresh cheese. Therefore in Indonesia there is a demand for fresh cheese. In this regard, there is also a need to use a halal cheese starter. The purpose of this study is to prove that the use of plant-based rennet is able to produce fresh cheese which is also a halal rennet because it comes from plants. A1 = 0,1 A2 = 0,2 A3 = 0,3 and the factor B storage time (days) is B0 = 0 days, B1 = 5 B2 = 10 and B3 = 15. Variables measured include water content, dry matter, protein, fat from fresh cheese and analysis of the cost of making fresh cheese with a commercial rennet starter compared to vegetable rennet. The results showed that the dosage of using vegetable rennet papain enzyme was 0.2 g and optimum storage time for 10 days in increasing protein content and dry matter content and being able to reduce fat and water content in fresh cheese from Murrah buffalo milk.    

Ripening of grain maize in England: varietal differences in ripening patterns

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Water Contents

SUMMARYChanges occurring during ripening in dry weight and percentage dry-matter content of grain and rachis (cob) have been studied in Inra 200, and comparable data obtained for a U.S.A. dent hybrid, Minnesota 803, a Canadian flint × dent hybrid, OX 302, and a range of European flint × dent hybrids (Prior, Kelvedon 59A, De Kalb 202, Maris Carmine, Pioneer 131 and Anjou 210).In Minnesota 803, OX 302 and, to a lesser extent, Prior, loss of water from the grain was more rapid than in Inra 200 during later stages of ripening. OX 302 reached a harvestable stage (40% grain water content) 10–12 weeks after silking, about 7 days earlier than Inra 200 in favourable seasons, and nearly 14 days earlier when conditions for ripening were less satisfactory. The patterns of changes occurring in the cob were quite different from those in ripening grain. Maximum dry weight of cob was reached when the grain was in the milk stage, and then declined throughout the period of rapid grain development; in the ripe ear, cob dry weight was 15–20% below its earlier maximum. At comparable grain water contents, the cob in Inra 200 was wetter than in Prior, Minnesota 803 and, even more markedly, OX 302. In contrast, water content in the cob of Maris Carmine and Anjou 210 was slightly higher than in Inra 200. The possible relationship between the differing varietal trends in ripening grain (and cob) and resistance to stalk rot is discussed.The dry weight of the cob in ripe ears of Inra 200 was barely half that found in OX 302 and Minnesota 803, and lower than in other European flint × dent hybrids. Shelling percentage in ripe ears of Inra 200 was 88–90; it was 84–86 in other European flint × dent hybrids, about 80 in Minnesota 803 and 75 in OX 302. Mention is made of the relevance of this information to choice of variety for production of ground ear maize.

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