scholarly journals Application of laparoscopic artificial insemination in conventional Lacaune sheep farm using frozen-thawed semen

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Zemenu Birhan Zegeye ◽  
Nóra Vass ◽  
Andualem Tomano
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
One Year

The complex anatomical structure of the ewe reproductive tract accompanied with low quality of frozen ram semen for artificial insemination, resulted in a challenge with regard to using superior genotypes for reproductive ovine performance. Hence, improved genetics in ovine management has not been efficiently and widely used especially in undeveloped countries. Therefore, intrauterine semen deposition by laparoscopic insemination should be adopted in the current sheep production systems. Thus, this study aimed to assess the pregnancy rate and lambing rate of ewe inseminated by laparoscopic insemination techniques using frozen-thawed semen. The research used imported frozen semen from two rams of the Lacaune breed. Ewes were grouped according to age in years (1, 2 and 4). Before insemination, the semen was examined microscopically for its motility and viability and thereafter the laparoscopic artificial insemination technique was performed to 19 Lacaune breed ewes using frozen-thawed semen. The overall pregnancy and prolificacy rates were 31.57% and 42.10% respectively. Out of 2 ewes in the 1-year age group that were inseminated, only 1 ewe lambed representing 50%. However, from 16 ewes inseminated of four-year age group, 5 ewes lambed representing 31.25%. Significant difference based on age group was not evaluated due disproportionate of the data, (such that the data included 2 ewes in one-year-old age, 1 ewe in 2-year-old age and 16 ewes in 4-year-old age). Based on the ram semen, 33.33% and 30% of the inseminated ewes were pregnant from ram A and ram B semen respectively. However, in the case of prolificacy rate, 44.44% and 40 % of the ewes lambed from using semen of ram A and B, respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in pregnancy and prolificacy rates based on semen from the two rams. In conclusion, in this research study, ram semen had no significant effect on pregnancy and prolificacy rates using laparoscopic AI on Lacaune sheep. This could be due to the fact that the rams had very good quality semen. Evaluation of ram semen, accompanied with appropriate ewe selection based on age and rightful deposition of semen could lead to better and more consistent results. Overall this could contribute to the successful application of laparoscopic artificial insemination in Lacaune sheep production systems for enhanced productivity.

scholarly journals Kualitas spermatozoa post-thawing pejantan sapi Friesian Holstein pada umur yang berbeda

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Widya Aulia Ristiani ◽  
Muhammad Yunus ◽  
Tri Wahyu Suprayogi ◽  
Pudji Srianto ◽  
Imam Mustofa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Morphologic Abnormality ◽  
Range Test

This study aimed to determine the post-thawing spermatozoa quality of Holstein-Friesian (HF) bulls at different ages. The samples were HF frozen semen of 3, 5, and 8-years -old age group produced by the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center.  Nine samples of each group were randomly purposive sampling, thawed in 37ºC water for 15 seconds, and assessed on the percentage of viability, motility, and abnormality of spermatozoa. The obtained data were analyzed using the ANOVA method, followed by Duncan's multiple range test at a 95% confidence level. The result showed that post-thawing spermatozoa viability in 5 and 8-year-old HF bull were 67 ± 6.67%, and 78 ± 7.59, both were higher (p <0.05) compared to 62.78 ± 5.76% in HF bulls 3-yearsold group. Likewise, the motility of those bull aged 5 and 8 years (69.44 ± 6.82 and 65.00 ± 9.68%, respectively) were higher (p <0.05) compared to 55, 56 ± 5.83% in 3-year-old HF bull. Meanwhile, the percentage of post-thawing spermatozoa abnormalities in the three age groups were 4.33 ± 1.96%, 5.89 ± 1.90%, and 5.33 ± 1.41%, not significantly different (p> 0.05) respectively. It concluded that the best quality of post-thawing HF semen based on the percentage of viability, motility, and morphologic abnormality was collected from 5-8 years old bull. Nevertheless, spermatozoa from the three age goups still meet the Indonesia standard quality of frozen semen for artificial insemination.

scholarly journals Decreased bull fertility: age-related changes in sperm motility and DNA fragmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Berlin P. Pardede ◽  
Iman Supriatna ◽  
Yudi Yudi ◽  
Muhammad Agil
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

This study aimed to analyze the effect of the age of bulls on sperm motility and DNA fragmentation and its impact on fertility. Ninety-six frozen semen straw from eight bulls were divided into four groups based on age (group-1: 5-6 years; group-2: 7-8 years; group-3: 9-10 years; group-4: 11-12 years). Total and progressive motility were detected by using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA), while DNA fragmentation was detected by Toluidine blue staining. Over 500 artificial insemination services in the field were used for fertility rate analysis. The results of the analysis of total motility, progressive, and DNA fragmentation in all age groups still meet the minimum standard for artificial insemination programs. Analysis of progressive motility and DNA fragmentation showed significant differences in each age group (P<0.01), whereas analysis of total motility showed no significant differences in group-2 (7-8 years) and group-3 (9-10 years) (P>0.01). Increased age in bulls correlated significantly with increased sperm DNA fragmentation (P<0.01), decreased total and progressive motility (P<0,01), and potentially reduced the fertility rate (P<0.01). In conclusion, although the quality of frozen semen still meets the standards for artificial insemination programs, the age factor in bulls needs to be considered for achieving maximum fertility.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Accelerated Corneal Crosslinking Treatment for Progressive Keratoconus in the Pediatric and Adult Age Groups: One-Year Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Berhuni ◽  
Cem Ozturkmen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the short-term results of accelerated crosslinking (A-CXL) treatment for progressive keratoconus in the pediatric and adult age groups. Materials and methods: The records of the 62 eyes of 40 patients who had undergone the A-CXL procedure (9 mV/cm2, 10 min) for progressive keratoconus between January 2015 and January 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups as the pediatric group (aged 17 years or less) and the adult group (aged 18 years or more) for statistical analysis. Pre- and post- 12th month A-CXL best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), maximum keratometry (Kmax), sim K1, sim K2, corneal thickness at the thinnest point (thCT), and corneal astigmatism (CA) values of the patient groups were recorded. Results: The 29 eyes of 16 patients were included in the pediatric group and the 33 eyes of 24 patients were included in the adult group. The mean age was 13.50±3.05 years in the pediatric group and 23.58±4.37 years in the adult group. A significant improvement in BCVA and a significant decrease in thCT values were present in both groups 12 months after the surgery compared to the preoperative period. A decrease was present in the Kmax, sim K1, sim K2 and CA values in the pediatric group, but was not statistically significant. The decrease in Kmax, sim K1 and sim K2 values compared to the preoperative period was significant in the adult group, but the decrease in CA values was not significant. When the two groups were compared at the end of 12 months, only the sim K1 value was significantly lower in the adult group, and there was no significant difference between the other measurements. Conclusions: Better visual acuity improvement, a higher flattening rate, and less progression occur after 12 months with A-CXL treatment for progressive keratoconus in the adult age group compared to the pediatric age group.

scholarly journals Influence of Implant Thread Morphology on Primary Stability: A Prospective Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maria Menini ◽  
Francesco Bagnasco ◽  
Ivan Calimodio ◽  
Nicolò Di Tullio ◽  
Francesca Delucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
One Year ◽  
Torque Values

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the primary stability of two implants with the same macro- and micromorphology but different thread design and analyze their clinical outcomes over a one-year period. Materials and Methods. 14 patients needing a partial rehabilitation with a delayed loading approach (DEL group: 9 patients) or a full-arch rehabilitation treated with immediately loaded fixed prostheses supported by 4 implants following the Columbus Bridge Protocol (CBP) (IL group: 5 patients) were included. In each patient, at least one SY (implant with standard threads) and one SL implant (implant with an augmented depth of the threads) were randomly inserted. Primary outcome measures were the number of threads exposed at a torque of 30 Ncm and 50 Ncm and final insertion torque. Secondary outcome measures were implant and prosthetic failure, peri-implant bone resorption, and periodontal parameters: bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque index (PI), and probing depth (PD) evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months of healing. Results. Nineteen SY and 19 SL implants were inserted in 14 patients. Twenty implants (10 SL and 10 SY) were inserted in the IL group, while 18 (9 SL and 9 SY) were inserted in the DEL group and followed-up for 12 months. No patients dropped out. No implants and prostheses failed. No biological complications were identified. No significant differences were found between SY and SL implants comparing the number of exposed threads when inserting the implant with a torque insertion of 30 N (T student test p=.142 and U test p=.164). At 50 N, no threads were visible in either groups. Final torque insertion values were higher for SL (mean: 48.42 Ncm) compared to SY implants (mean: 43.42 Ncm) without a statistically significant difference. All the implants showed good clinical outcomes at the 1-year-in-function visit. Conclusions. After 12 months of function, both implant types provided good clinical outcomes without statistically significant differences between the two groups. A difference in insertion torque (even if not statistically significant) was found with higher insertion torque values for SL implants with a larger thread depth.

EPIDEMIC SHIGELLA GASTROENTERITIS (BACILLARY DYSENTERY) IN AN ENDEMIC AREA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
MILTON FEIG
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Bacillary Dysentery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
General Population Group ◽  
One Year

The clinical aspects of acute bacillary dysentery as observed in an outbreak among a general population group in a highly endemic area are presented; age-specific clinical variations are noted. The onset was abrupt in all cases and all age-groups. The height of the illness in 84% of 106 cases was reached in 24 hours, more rapidly than in the "classical" form (3 to 5 days). The presence of blood in the stools was noted in about 25% of all cases; in about 25% of the 0 through 5 year age-group, 50% of the 6 through 10 year group, 37½% of the 11 through 15 year age-group, and 9 to 10% in the groups 16 years of age and over. The median number of stools was 9 to 10 daily, with no significant difference among the various age-groups. Fever was present in 65% of the children 10 years of age and under (55 cases), and in 35% of the older age-groups (40 cases). Vomiting is more frequent among the younger age-groups; weakness becomes a more frequent complaint with advancing age. The median duration of illness was 5.5 days in 100 cases. There was no correlation observed between age and duration. Recurrences are more frequently observed in the youngest age-groups—36% of all cases (14) under one year of age, 28% of 39 cases between 1-2 years of age. About 9% of the 26 and over age-group (34 cases) recurred, and practically none in the intervening groups. No relationship was observed between the tendency towards recurrences in households with multiple cases as compared with single cases. All the fatalities were under one year of age. Two deaths occurred in the cases studied, yielding an age-specific death rate of 14.3% for this group. Five other deaths in cases not included in this report are noted, all under one year of age; 2 caused by "infant diarrhea" and 3 by bronchopneumonia with "chronic diarrhea" as a contributing cause. The role of acquired immunity in the modification of bacillary dysentery can be evaluated from studies of attack rates and the clinical course of the disease, through age-specific groupings. Investigators should clearly define such basic terms as duration, recurrences, etc., when reporting so that necessary comparisons and/or data summation can be made.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Clustering and Switching in Verbal Fluency according to Healthy Elderly Group

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-640
Author(s):  
Juyeong Kim ◽  
Hyunjoo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Verbal Fluency Task ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phonemic Verbal Fluency ◽  
Fluency Task

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of clusters and switches through verbal fluency tasks by different age groups among the elderly.Methods: Ninety-four healthy elderly adults participated in this study. The verbal fluency task consisted of semantic verbal fluency and phonemic verbal fluency. The categories of ‘animal’ and ‘supermarket’ were used for semantic fluency, and the categories ‘/k/’, ‘/o/’ and ‘/s/’ were used for phonemic fluency.Results: First, there was a significant difference between the age groups. The number of correct responses in the verbal fluency task decreased as age increased. Second, the mean cluster size for verbal fluency did not show a significant difference among groups in tasks of semantic and phonemic verbal fluency. Third, the number of switches showed a significant difference between groups in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency. In the post-analysis results of semantic fluency, a significant difference was found in the category of ‘animals’ between the young-old and old-old age group, and a significant difference was found in the number of switches in the category of ‘supermarket’ between the middle-old and old-old age group. Finally, the semantic fluency task showed the highest frequency of perseverative error, and the phonemic fluency task showed the highest frequency of other errors.Conclusion: These results of this study are meaningful in investigating characteristics of cluster and switch as well as the performance of correct rate through the verbal fluency tasks according to the elderly group.

scholarly journals Use of cooled buffalo semen as a strategy to increase conception rates in fixed-time artificial insemination programs during unfavorable reproductive periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-570
Author(s):  
J. Almeida ◽  
M.F. Brito ◽  
B.P. Neves ◽  
V.A.B. Becerra ◽  
P.A. Auler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Buffalo Semen ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Artificial Vagina

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the reproductive efficiency of dairy buffaloes undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols based on progesterone/estrogen (P4/E2) and eCG during unfavorable breeding season using cooled (CS) and frozen semen (FS). A total of 446 buffaloes (> 40 days postpartum) were randomly distributed into four blocks (years): B1-2014 (n = 143), B2-2015 (n = 34), B3-2016 (n = 90), and B4-2017 (n = 179). Each block was subdivided into two (AI with CS and FS using the same ejaculate of each bull). Thus, the block subdivision was as follows: B1 (CS = 71 and FS = 72); B2 (CS = 18 and FS = 16); B3 (CS = 47 and FS = 43); and B4 (CS = 90 and FS = 89). The ejaculates of eight Murrah bulls collected using an artificial vagina were divided into two aliquots: one aliquot was diluted in Botu-Bov® commercial extender and cooled (BB-CS), and the other was diluted in the same extender and frozen (BB-FS). BB-CS aliquots were cooled at 5 °C/24 h using a refrigerator. BB-FS group aliquots were also cooled, and after equilibrating at 5 °C for 4 h, were placed in a 21-L Styrofoam box, 5 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen. In the afternoon (A) on D0 (2:00 p.m.) the animals received EB 2.0 mg IM (Estrogin®) and an ear implant (CRESTAR® 3.0 mg P4). At D9 (A), the implant was removed, and the animals received eCG 400 IU IM (Folligon® 5000) + Cloprostenol PGF2α 0.530 mg IM (Sincrocio®). At D10 (A), the animals received EB 1.0 mg IM (Estrogin®), and at D12 (8:00 a.m.), AI was performed. At D42, pregnancy was diagnosed via ultrasonography. Total CRs were 48.2% CS and 34.6% FS for years 2014 to 2017, with a significant difference of 13.7% (P<0.05). In conclusion, cooled semen resulted in higher CR than frozen semen in dairy buffaloes under the P4/E2 and eCG FTAI during the unfavorable reproductive season.

scholarly journals Effect of age and sex on meat quality and quantity of Black Bengal goat

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
S Mehjabin ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
MO Faruque ◽  
MB Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
One Year ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Age And Sex

The present research was conducted to investigate the effect of sex and age of goats on live weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, chemical composition and pH of meat obtained from Black Bengal goat. Fifty goats of different age (up to 3 years) and sex groups (buck, castrated male, doe and kids) were slaughtered. After pre-slaughter weighing goats were sacrificed using the approved “Halal” method. The average live weight of doe up to one, two and three years of age were 12.51, 14.35 and 16.35 kg and of buck were 10.57, 19.29 and 37.05 kg, respectively. There were significant differences between the live weight of doe and buck at different age group. Hot carcass weight of doe and buck differ significantly among the different age group also differ significantly between the different sex group’s goat. The mean hot carcass weight of castrated male at one year of age was 7.82 kg and was observed highest in castrated male than doe and buck. The average dressing percentage of doe, buck and castrated male at one year of age was 42.02, 39.01 and 43.56%, respectively but the values did not differ significantly. There were no significant differences of DM, moisture and CP content between doe and buck at different age group but significant differences were observed among the different age group of doe and buck. Fat content was significantly different among the different age group of doe and buck. There was significant difference of ash among the different age group of doe and buck. The pH values of goat meat did not differ significantly among the different age and sex of goats. From this study, it was concluded that the meat quantity in terms of hot carcass weight and dressing percentage were higher when castrated male slaughter within one year whereas maximum hot carcass weight was obtained when buck slaughter at the age 2-3 years and meat quality in terms of crude protein content was higher in meat obtained from buck and ether extract content was lower in buck meat when slaughter within one year.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (1): 19-24

Investigating cattle artificial insemination technique on farm

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Claire Walker
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Semen Storage ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
The Uk ◽  
On Farm

‘Do it yourself’ artificial insemination (DIY AI) is employed on many cattle enterprises in the UK. This requires the client having a number of skills that should be properly assessed when veterinarians are assisting with fertility management on the farm. When analysis of farm data suggest that conception rates are suffering due to AI technique, the process from ‘tank to cow’ needs to be investigated. The areas to be addressed must include oestrus detection, semen storage, handling and thawing of frozen semen, handling of thawed semen and placement of the semen. For the latter a good understanding of the bovine reproductive tract is essential.

Reproductive performance in the Sheep CRC Information Nucleus using artificial insemination across different sheep-production environments in southern Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Geenty ◽  
F. D. Brien ◽  
G. N. Hinch ◽  
R. C. Dobos ◽  
G. Refshauge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Birth Type

The present paper covers reproductive performance in an artificial-insemination (AI) program of the Sheep CRC Information Nucleus with 24 699 lambs born at eight locations in southern Australia across five lambings between 2007 and 2011. Results from AI with frozen semen compared well with industry standards for natural mating. Conception rates averaged 72%, and 1.45 lambs were born per ewe pregnant for Merino ewes and 1.67 for crossbreds. Lamb deaths averaged 21% for Merino ewes and 15% for crossbreds and 19%, 22% and 20% for lambs from ewes that were mated to terminal, Merino and maternal sire types, respectively. Net reproductive rates were 82% for Merino ewes and 102% for crossbreds. From 3198 necropsies across 4 years, dystocia and starvation-mismothering accounted for 72% of lamb deaths within 5 days of lambing. Major risk factors for lamb mortality were birth type (single, twin or higher order), birthweight and dam breed. Losses were higher for twin and triplet lambs than for singles and there was greater mortality at relatively lighter and heavier birthweights. We conclude that reproductive rate in this AI program compared favourably with natural mating. Lamb birthweight for optimum survival was in the 4–8-kg range. Crossbred ewes had greater reproductive efficiency than did Merinos.

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