Structural diversity of fruits: conceptual reflexions and taxonomic implications / Diversidade estrutural de frutos: reflexões conceituais e implicações taxonômicas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 69342-69354
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Structural Diversity ◽  
First Case ◽  
Inflorescence Axis ◽  
Paraffin Material ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Fruit Evolution ◽  
Residual Tissue ◽  
Development Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Condition ◽  
Made In

Fruit either originates solely from the ovary or ovary and other floral parts and inflorescence. Besides the ovary itself, the pedicle, bracteoles, receptacle, hypanthium, sepals, petals and inflorescence axis are included in the fruit development. Analysis was made in embedded historesin/paraffin material and sectioned in microtome. In the fruit ontogeny the pericarp either may be non-multiplicative or multiplicative. In the first case, the ovary wall differentiates in pericarp without the installation of meristem. Adaxial, middle or abaxial meristems can be installed in the multiplicative pericarp fruits from the periclinal cell divisions that occur in both the epidermis and the ovary mesophyll. Separation tissue takes place in the carpel margins and midrib in dehiscent fruits or it can remain as residual tissue in indehiscent fruits. Fruit classification is complex, and it may show divergence in nomenclature among fruit specialists. Structural fruit ontogeny can be a useful tool for its classification. Fruit structure has been used as diagnostic character of species, genera and tribes of angiosperms. Hypothesis about fruit evolution indicates that apocarpic fruit with follicles can be a basic evolutionary condition, at least among the sensu lato dicots. The Araucaria angustifolia pine seed is considered here as a fruit with protocarps/spermatocarps.

Morphology and anatomy of inflorescence and inflorescence axis in Paepalanthus sect. Diphyomene Ruhland (Eriocaulaceae, Poales) and its taxonomic implications

Flora ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Trovó ◽  
Thomas Stützel ◽  
Vera Lucia Scatena ◽  
Paulo Takeo Sano
Keyword(s):  
Inflorescence Axis ◽  
Taxonomic Implications

scholarly journals The Control of Cigarette Weight During the Manufacturing Process/Die Kontrolle des Gewichtes von Cigaretten auf den Produktionsmaschinen

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
First Case ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe check of the cigarette weight can be made “a posteriori”, that is when a certain number of cigarettes has been manufactured, and then it is aimed at verifying the acceptability of the lot. Conversely, it can also be executed during the manufacturing process in order to produce acceptable cigarettes. In the first case the ordinary statistical theories can be applied, whereas in the second case, which is the more interesting from cigarette manufacturers' viewpoint, Wiener's theories must be applied on both checks and servo-mechanisms. Consequently, it is necessary to revise the basic principles of the "check'' and then those of the operation of weight-governors in order to attain the highest possible precision, regardless of the external causes which might affect the result. So, the idea of ''self-optimizing'' governors is assumed, that is regulators adjusting their own action to obtain the best results. Molins, Decoufle and, lately, the Industrial Nucleonic Corp., though not having yet developed an adaptive adjuster, have made in recent times the most significant efforts in this field.

scholarly journals External supravesical hernia is a rare type of abdominal wall hernia: A case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Saha ◽  
Ratna Rani Roy ◽  
Mohammad Emrul Hasan Khan ◽  
Md Mamunur Rahman ◽  
Kazi Shafiqul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Abdominal Wall Hernia ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
First Case ◽  
Made In

The first case of external supravesical hernia was made in 1804; but it is so rare that it is very difficult to find any case reported in Bangladesh. Here a case of external supravesical hernia is described in a male who was presented with a left sided direct incomplete reducible inguinal hernia. This report aims to review and discuss the surgical anatomy of these rare supravesical hernias and calls attention to the confusing presentation and treatment of this conditionJ Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2015; 7(1):40-41

scholarly journals Changes in morphology of white blood cells on peripheral smear in COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2393
Author(s):  
Garima Agarwal ◽  
Shubhangi Gupta ◽  
Natasha Singh ◽  
Salony Mittal ◽  
Atul Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Made In

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus, and has spread around the world in a deadly pandemic. The first case of COVID-19 was reported from Wuhan, China in December 2019. This is also called as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of its homology with SARS virus. The most common hematological manifestation of coronavirus is lymphopenia which is due to depletion of lymphocytes by coronavirus infection. Other manifestations are neutrophilia and mild thrombocytopenia. Literature is full of quantitative hematological parameters but the researches on morphology of white blood cells is still ongoing. We at our institute done study on 60 confirmed positive cases of COVID-19, and analyzed those peripheral smears in terms of morphology of white blood cells.Methods: The study was done using peripheral smear staining with methylene blue stain and was screened for various changes in white blood cells in peripheral smear.Results: Changes in the white blood cells were examined in the peripheral smear and findings were made in the tabular form.Conclusions: To conclude that all these changes are due to the virus infecting them or are secondary to pathogenesis of COVID disease, needs to be evaluated by larger studies.

scholarly journals GAPS IN THE LAW AND WAYS TO FILL THEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-405
Author(s):  
P.V. Lushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Law ◽  
False Idea ◽  
Law Making ◽  
Made In ◽  
Communicative Processes

The article deals with the issues of gaps in law, it is stated that at present the problem of gaps is caused by the development of public relations. The negative consequences of gaps and their causes are determined. Several classifications of gaps that are made in science are considered. It is concluded that the deliberate creation of gaps by the subjects of law-making can be a corruption-induced factor. The classification of gaps depending on the truth (real and imaginary) is analyzed in detail. It is concluded that under the imaginary spaces can occur, both the addressees and the addressees of legal messages. In the first case, the addressees due to lack of necessary knowledge may have a false idea about the lack of legal regulation. When considering the second option, there is agreement with the scientific position that the addressees may, for subjective reasons, try to resolve gaps in the law, which do not really exist, thereby giving rise to excessive legitimization or real gaps. The article considers the options of filling the gaps in the law proposed in science. Further, it is proposed to apply to this problem the provisions of hermeneutics. The possibility of applying hermeneutic methodology to eliminate gaps is substantiated. It is concluded that preliminary modeling of communicative processes in the course of law-making can be used as a measure to counteract the gap in laws. The author suggests the need to limit the "arbitrariness of the reader" in the process of applying the analogy of law and law, as well as in the process of forming a legal precedent.

scholarly journals Distortions of Pedigrees by Descendants of Bishops' Servants when Approving Nobility by Birth

2019 ◽  
pp. 572-582
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Matison ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Military Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
First Case ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Made In

Falsifications of noble pedigrees have repeatedly been subject of historical studies, but researchers have not yet turned to the study of similar falsifications made by bishops’ servants and their descendants. Due to uncertainty of their social status, representatives of bishops’ boyar scions and ministry clerks made every effort to establish their nobility by birth. However, not many could apply for integration into gentlefolk. At the same time, their descendants, having gained the right to receive hereditary titles through military service, nevertheless, were at pains to achieve affiliation to “ancient” nobility to have the right to include their names in the part 6 of the gubernia genealogical books. This article describes two cases: distortion and outright falsification of private pedigrees made in the late 18th century by descendants of the Tver bishop's house servants when approving their nobility. In the first case, the great-grandson of the bishop's dyak, collegiate assessor Peter Posnikov only maintained his ancestors’ “ancient” nobility. In the second case, the descendant of the bishop’s boyar scions, collegiate assessor Nikita Voronov directly falsified his pedigree by “reading” it from homonimous nobles of Vologda. Posnikov failed to achieve his affiliation to the “ancient” nobility. Voronov’s fabricated evidence was judged convincing, and he and his family were mentioned in the part 6 of the genealogy book of the Tver guberbia and later recognized as “ancient” nobility by the Senate. In order to investigate Posnikov and Voronov’s claims to nobility, the author has studied the materials of the Tver Gubernia Noble Assembly of Deputies. To establish their original pedigree, the materials of scribe and census descriptions, as well as office documentation of the Tver bishop's house, have been used. Both cases are illustrative of how the descendants of the bishops' servants pursued their desire to achieve affiliation to “ancient” nobility.

scholarly journals Dorsolumbosacral agenesis: Case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Mauricio Camacho Montaño ◽  
Reinaldo Child Alba Reinaldo ◽  
María Camila Cetina Grajales
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Case ◽  
Made In

Objetives: To report a case of dorsolumbosacral agenesis and to make a systematic review of the literature focused on prenatal diagnosis. Materials and methods: We report a case of a 32year old pregnant woman, with a 30 week pregnanacy, without prenatal care, the fetus is diagnosed with dorsolumbosacral agenesis. The mother request voluntary termination of pregnancy. A systematic review of the literature focused on prenatal diagnosis of thos condiction is performed. Results: We found 50 papers, 6 met the inclusión critiria. Three of them with prenatal diagnosis. In the first case the diagnosis was made at 13 weeks of gestation and termination of preganancy was requested. In the second case corresponded an biamniotic bicorial twin preganancy. One normal feto and one presented dorsolumbosacral agenesis. The diagnosis was made in the second trimester. The pregnancy continued until 34 week of gestation and the affected neonate had perinatal death. The third case, the diagnosis was made at 18 weeks and a male newborn of 2990gr was born at 37 weeks of gestation. Conclusion: Dorsolumbosacral agenesis is a very severe form of caudal regresión syndrome, with only a few cases reportted in the literature. To the best of our knowladge this is the fourth case reported with prenatal diagnosis.

Technoethics

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Engineering Ethics ◽  
Computer Ethics ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
First Case ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Technoethics relates to the impact of ethics in technology, technological change, and technological advances and their applications. This is true both in established fields such as bioethics or computer ethics or engineering ethics but also in new areas of research such as neuroethics. As pioneering breakthroughs are made in, say, extending life or robotization, novel questions arise regarding the rightness or wrongness of keeping terminal cases alive even at the expense of such trade-offs as making life possible for premature or defective babies in the first case or replacing workers in the second. Some of these agonizing dilemmas are treated in the paper highlighting the ambivalence and difficulty – and corresponding controversy – in reaching ethical decisions in technological applications.

scholarly journals Primary Episcleral Melanoma Consistent with Uveal Melanoma Mutations Treated by Excision and Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Spencer T. Langevin ◽  
Eileen Chang ◽  
Tony J.C. Wang ◽  
Israel Deutsch ◽  
Marc Otten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
First Case ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Orbital Tissue ◽  
Residual Tissue ◽  
Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Ocular Melanocytosis

Ocular melanocytosis has traditionally been associated with increased risk of developing uveal melanoma; however, rarely primary episcleral melanoma has been reported in the literature. Herein, we present the third case of primary episcleral melanoma treated by complete excision and cryotherapy. In contrast to previous cases, we obtained molecular genetic testing which revealed a GNA-11 mutation, and gene expression profiling resulted in a Class 2 PRAME positive tumor diagnosis. These two tests which have never been performed on previous cases, support lineage similar to uveal melanoma. In addition, we are the first case to report treatment of the surgical bed and surrounding orbital tissue with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiotherapy to both treat residual tissue and decrease risk of recurrence.

A Study of the Ethical Sensitivity of Physicians in Turkey

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermin Ersoy ◽  
Ümit N Gündoğmuş
Keyword(s):  
Living Will ◽  
Ethical Sensitivity ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Medical Confidentiality ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Ethics Courses ◽  
Made In

In order to prepare bioethics and clinical ethics courses for clinicians in Turkey, we needed to know the attitudes of physicians when placed in ethically difficult care situations. We presented four cases to 207 physicians who are members of the Physicians’ Association in Kocaeli, Turkey. Depending on the decisions they made in each case, we determined whether they were aware of the ethical aspects of the cases and the principles they chose as a basis for their decisions. We aimed to gain information about their ethical tendencies and moral sensitivity. A small number of physicians stated that they would ‘show respect for a patient’s living will’ in the first case, but more stated that they would ‘let the patient refuse the treatment’ in the second. In the third case, where medical confidentiality was the significant ethical issue, most of the physicians said that they would act in order to maintain confidentiality. For the last case, more than half the physicians chose to ‘tell the truth’ to the patient. The paternalism shown in the doctors’ decisions on the first two cases was no longer observed in those made for the last two cases. We concluded that the physicians who participated in our study have low sensitivity to living wills (or advance directives) and patients refusing treatment. However, when issues of medical confidentiality and truth-telling are concerned, they take care to protect the autonomy of the individual and are relatively more aware of the ethical aspects of these cases.

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