scholarly journals Distortions of Pedigrees by Descendants of Bishops' Servants when Approving Nobility by Birth

2019 ◽  
pp. 572-582
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Matison ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Military Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
First Case ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Made In

Falsifications of noble pedigrees have repeatedly been subject of historical studies, but researchers have not yet turned to the study of similar falsifications made by bishops’ servants and their descendants. Due to uncertainty of their social status, representatives of bishops’ boyar scions and ministry clerks made every effort to establish their nobility by birth. However, not many could apply for integration into gentlefolk. At the same time, their descendants, having gained the right to receive hereditary titles through military service, nevertheless, were at pains to achieve affiliation to “ancient” nobility to have the right to include their names in the part 6 of the gubernia genealogical books. This article describes two cases: distortion and outright falsification of private pedigrees made in the late 18th century by descendants of the Tver bishop's house servants when approving their nobility. In the first case, the great-grandson of the bishop's dyak, collegiate assessor Peter Posnikov only maintained his ancestors’ “ancient” nobility. In the second case, the descendant of the bishop’s boyar scions, collegiate assessor Nikita Voronov directly falsified his pedigree by “reading” it from homonimous nobles of Vologda. Posnikov failed to achieve his affiliation to the “ancient” nobility. Voronov’s fabricated evidence was judged convincing, and he and his family were mentioned in the part 6 of the genealogy book of the Tver guberbia and later recognized as “ancient” nobility by the Senate. In order to investigate Posnikov and Voronov’s claims to nobility, the author has studied the materials of the Tver Gubernia Noble Assembly of Deputies. To establish their original pedigree, the materials of scribe and census descriptions, as well as office documentation of the Tver bishop's house, have been used. Both cases are illustrative of how the descendants of the bishops' servants pursued their desire to achieve affiliation to “ancient” nobility.

Конница тюрко-монгольских народов Великой степи в российской армии XVIII – начала XIX в. Часть 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-97
Author(s):  
Utash B. Ochirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Previous Issue ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Traditional Structures ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The article examines activities of Turko-Mongols to have inhabited the Great Steppe and adjacent territories in the military service of Russia throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. The period witnessed the employment of ethnic military units of irregular cavalries Russian army recruited from the Mongolian-speaking Kalmyks and Buryats, Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, Teptyars, Mishar and Tatars. The work focuses on the largest ethnic military forces ― those of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs. Despite Russian forces were reorganized to from a regular army in the early 18th century, the latter still contained significant irregular components, including ones recruited from Turko-Mongols. Initially, the ethnic groups had served as independent military contingents with traditional structures, tactics, and weapons, but by the late 18th century all ethnic forces were clustered into Don Cossack-type regiments. In the first part of the article, published in the previous issue, the features of military service of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs in their usual habitat ― in the Great Steppe were considered. The second part of the article analyzes the actions of the Turkic-Mongol cavalry in the three largest wars of Russia in the XVIII-early XX century. XIX centuries. (The Northern, Seven-Year War, the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaign of 1813–1814). Rational approaches and command of the ethnic units would yield good results ― both in Eurasian plains and European battlefields. The use of ethnic forces within the Russian army not only saved essential financial and physical resources for the defense of large territories and dramatically long frontiers but also facilitated further integration of their elites into the Empire’s community.

scholarly journals Siberian Tatars of Knyazevs: historical and genealogical essay

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
S.N. Korusenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Village

This paper aims at reconstructing the genealogy of Siberian Tatars of Knyazevs (Western Siberia), identifying the origins of their surname, which is not characteristic of the Tatars, and at analysis of the influence of socio-political and socio-economical processes in Russia in the 18th through 20th centuries on the social transformation of the family. The sources were represented by the materials of the Inventory Revision Book of Tarsky District of 1701 and census surveys of the end of 18th through 19th centuries, which allowed tracing the Knyazev family through the genealogical succession and identifying social status of its members. In this work, recordkeeping ma-terials of the 18th–20th centuries and contemporary genealogical and historical traditions of the Tatars have been utilized. In the research, the method of genealogical reconstructions by archival materials and their correlation with genealogies of modern population has been used. The history of the Knyazev family is inextricably linked to the history of modern village of Bernyazhka — one of the earliest settlements of the Ayalintsy (a group of the Si-berian Tatars) in the territory of the Tarsky Irtysh land which became the home to the Knyazevs for more than three centuries. The 1701Inventory Revision Book cites Itkuchuk Buchkakov as a local power broker of the Aya-lynsky Tatars in the village. During the 18th century, this position was inherited by his descendants who eventually lost this status in the beginning of the 19th century in the course of the managerial reforms by the Russian gov-ernment. Nevertheless, the social status of the members of the gens remained high. In the mid. 19th century, the village moved — the villagers resettled from the right bank of the River Irtysh onto the left one. As the result, the village was situated nearby the main road connecting the cities of Omsk and Tara. At the same time, the village became the center of the Ayalynskay region. That led to the strengthening of the social status and property en-richment of the descendants of Itkuchuk Buchkakov. The Knyzevs’ surname first appeared in the materials of the First All-Russia Census Survey of 1897. Some of the descendants signed up under this surname later in the Soviet period. During the Soviet years, members of the Knyzev’s gens had different destinies: some worked in the local government, whereas the others were subjected to political repressions and executed. Knyazevs took part in the Great Patriotic War and seven of them perished. Presently there are no descendants of the Knyazevs in Bernyazhka as they spread over the villages of the Omskaya Region, some living in Omsk and other towns of Russia and abroad.

The Law of Life Insurance in France as affected by a Recent Decision of the Supreme Court of Judicature

1872 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
M. Leon de Montluc
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Law ◽  
Written Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Made In

Never was a more complete change suddenly brought about in the laws of a nation by legislative enactment than that which has taken place this year in France in the law of life insurance, in consequence of one single decision of the Supreme Court of Judicature, Up to the present time the construction given to the contract of life insurance in this country has been quite different from what it is in England. As there is no provision of written law that relates to life insurance, it being not even so much as mentioned in the Civil or Commercial Codes, people thought themselves justified in governing it by laws and rules of their own. For instance, although it is a principle of law common to both English and French jurisprudence (we may add, to the law of all legislating nations from time immemorial) that choses in action shall necessarily devolve upon our legal representatives after our death, it has hitherto been decided almost universally by French tribunals that an exception was to be made in favour of life insurance policies. By the advocates of that doctrine, the right in the sum assured was thought never to have vested in the person effecting the policy, and the assurance monies were said to be transferred directly, i. e., omisso medio, from the assurer to the party entitled to receive the sum assured; and that sum, accordingly, would not be liable to succession duty.

Through the Spectrum: The New Intimacy in French Music (I)

Tempo ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Tristram Pugin
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
European Context ◽  
French Music ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
French Composers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The image of French music from the late 18th century to the present day in its European context is less clear in most people's minds, even most French people's minds, than one could reasonably expect. Yet it has a decisive bearing on what one makes of contemporary developments. There are too few names involved, for one thing, and the lines of influence drawn do not always point in the right direction. In particular, historical ascendancy is blurred, not least because too many musicologists who ought to know better base their work on that shakiest of grounds, ‘accepted repertoire’. Manuals repeat uncritically the opinions of Grimm and Rousseau on the shortcomings of le style français without bothering to uncover the influence of Rameau and Armand-Louis Couperin on Schobert – and through him on the young Mozart. Beethoven's ‘heroic’ manner is most often thought to be the outcome of an instinctively ‘romantic temperament’ exploding Viennese classicism from inside, when in fact it was largely prompted by French composers of the revolutionary period such as Méhul and Gossec (something altogether natural in a composer born in the Rhine–Palatinate). The beginning of a new contrapuntal spirit in French music is often credited to Gounod and his discovery of Bach, to detriment of Böely both as composer and performer.

scholarly journals Конница тюрко-монгольских народов Великой степи в российской армии XVIII – начала XIX в. Часть 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-39
Author(s):  
Utash B. Ochirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Traditional Structures ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The article examines activities of Turko-Mongols to have inhabited the Great Steppe and adjacent territories in the military service of Russia throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. The period witnessed the employment of ethnic military units of irregular cavalries Russian army recruited from the Mongolian-speaking Kalmyks and Buryats, Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, Teptyars, Mishar and Tatars. The work focuses on the largest ethnic military forces ― those of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs. Despite Russian forces were reorganized to from a regular army in the early 18th century, the latter still contained significant irregular components, including ones recruited from Turko-Mongols. Initially, the ethnic groups had served as independent military contingents with traditional structures, tactics, and weapons, but by the late 18th century all ethnic forces were clustered into Don Cossack-type regiments. The first part of the article deals with the features of military service of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs in their usual habitat ― in the Great Steppe. The second part of the article, which will be published in the next issue, analyzes the actions of the Turkic-Mongol cavalry in the three largest wars of Russia in the XVIII – early XIX centuries. (The Northern, Seven-Year War, the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaign of 1813–1814). Rational approaches and command of the ethnic units would yield good results ― both in Eurasian plains and European battlefields. The use of ethnic forces within the Russian army not only saved essential financial and physical resources for the defense of large territories and dramatically long frontiers but also facilitated further integration of their elites into the Empire’s community.

scholarly journals Nation-building oraz nation-preserving w Polsce w dobie transformacji i integracji europejskiej

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the article is to show the centuries-old tradition of Polish elites working for nation-building and nation-preserving purposes. It dates back to at least the 18th century. The nation-preserving formula was developed in the 19th century, that is, during the partitions, when the Polish nation did not have its own statehood. In the first part of the article, I describe the specificity of Poles’ historical experiences, primarily after the partitions that took place at the end of the 18th century. I try to indicate three main approaches to nation-building (and nation-preserving) activities during this period. In the next part of the article, I try to show that this tradition lasted during the period of political transformation and European integration. While the nation-building approach, related to the reconstruction of sovereign statehood, democracy and a political nation, was dominant in the first case, the nation-preserving policy was observed more often, especially among the right-wing elites, after joining the EU, primarily due to the experiences of subsequent European crises.

scholarly journals CHAFARIZ DE SÃO JOSÉ DA CIDADE DE TIRADENTES E SUA INTERVENÇÃO DE RESTAURO

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Education Project ◽  
Heritage Education ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

ResumoTiradentes é protegida pelo IPHAN desde 1938, através do tombamento do Conjunto Arquitetônico e Urbanístico. Seus principais monumentos têm proteção individual e dentre eles está o Chafariz de São José, edificado em 1749. É um dos maiores e mais bonitos do Brasil colonial e construído em blocos de quartzito. É cercado por uma mureta com banco. Em sua fachada há três carrancas que jorram água em tanque abaulado. Há um oratório com a imagem de São José de Botas e acima o brasão de armas da Coroa Portuguesa. Encerrando a composição foram instalados dois pináculos e um acrotério com uma cruz, ambos na mesma rocha. Na lateral direita está o tanque para as lavadeiras e na esquerda o tanque para dar água aos animais. O chafariz é abastecido por água do Bosque da Mãe D’Água, conduzida por um aqueduto rústico, feito com o mesmo material pétreo. A cidade foi escolhida para abrigar um Caso do BNDES – Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social para a restauração, revitalização de seus monumentos e um Programa de Educação Patrimonial. Alguns monumentos já foram restaurados e entregues à comunidade, há obras em andamento e outras estão sendo licitadas para iniciarem ainda em 2016. O chafariz passou por obra de restauro e já foi entregue. O presente trabalho pretende apresentar o Chafariz de São José como monumento significativo no contexto sociocultural de Tiradentes, bem como analisar sua obra de restauro que acabou de ser concluída.Palavras Chave: Chafariz de São José, restauro, Tiradentes.  AbstractFOUNTAIN OF SÃO JOSÉ, CITY OF TIRADENTES, AND ITS INTERVENTION OF RESTORATION. The city of Tiradentes has been protected by IPHAN since 1938, under category “Architectonic and Urban Set”. Among the protected monuments is the Chafariz de São José – a public fountain built in 1749, surrounded by a short wall and stone bench. In the main facade there are three scowls that pour water. There is an oratory with the statue of São José de Botas, made in terracotta and above it is the Portuguese crown’s coat of arms. Enclosing the composition there are two pinnacles and a cross. On the right side we have a tank for the washerwomen and on the left we have a tank for animals. The water comes from Bosque da Mãe D’Água and is brought to the fountain through an aqueduct, made of quartzite blocks. The city was chosen to receive BNDES funding to restore historical buildings and a Heritage Education Project. Some of them have been restored and delivered to the community, some of them will still be restored. The present work intends to introduce Chafariz de São José as an important edification in the social and cultural life of Tiradentes and analyze its restoration.Keywords: Chafariz de São José, restauration, Tiradentes

Location of Tatar Settlements in the Middle and Lower Tara Region According to 18th Century Maps

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
K. N. Tikhomirov ◽  
M. N. Tikhomirova
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Summer Camps ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
High Terrace ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Тhis article discusses the location of Tatar settlements in the lower and middle reaches of the Tara on maps of the Tarsky Uyezd (1784 and 1798) and on topographic plan of the Kartashevskago and Bergamotskaya districts of the Tarsky Uyezd (1798). These maps had not been previously used for reconstructing the history of the region. To test their accuracy, other sources are used, including the Inventory Book of the Tarsky Uyezd, Gerhard Miller’s itineraries, etc., as well as the results of archaeological and ethnographic studies. Based on the analysis of maps, patterns in the locations of Tatar settlements are reconstructed. They were situated between the mouth of Tara and its confl uence with the Chertalinka River on the right bank, and between the Chertalinka and Kalinka rivers on the left bank. The reliability of the late 18th century maps as sources of information about the winter and summer settlements of the Tatars of the Middle and Lower Tara is assessed. These maps do not suggest that the settlements were still seasonal rather than permanent at that time. The winter camps were situated on the Tara high terrace, away from the valley, and summer camps were on the fl ood plain, close to the villages. The general pattern was that people settled along the river, often close to the places where the Tara tributaries fl owed into it. Place names are suggestive of seasonal settlements. Comparison with modern maps suggests that the current settlements pattern on the Lower and Middle Tara emerged in the late 18th century.

scholarly journals Palača Benzoni – primjer stambene arhitekture 18. stoljeća u riječkom Starom gradu

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Petar Puhmajer ◽  
Krasanka Majer Jurišić
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Apartment Building ◽  
Wrought Iron ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Archival Documentation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Storey Building ◽  
Made In

This paper focuses on the construction history and renovations of the Benzoni Palace located in Grivica Square in the Old Town of Rijeka. The three-storey building was designed by architect Antonio de Verneda and erected during the second quarter of the 18th century as a family palace of Giovanni Antonio Benzoni, bishop of Senj (1693-1745). The palace was renovated in the late 18th century, at the time when it was owned by the bishop’s nephew, Giulio Benzoni (1732-1798), who was a city councillor. He had the front façade redesigned in the late-baroque classicist style, by adding a monumental stone portal, two balconies, and rich window decoration made in wrought iron. The palace underwent further adaptations during the second half of the 19th century, when it was repurposed to serve as an orphanage, then as army barracks, and eventually as a rental apartment building. The 20th century saw several major interventions undertaken by its tenants, which to some extent degraded the palace’s architecture. Based on the archival documentation, the authors present a proposal for the reconstruction of its original façade and the context of its design in the late 18th-century Rijeka.

The History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Archaeology: The Case of the Ancient Monuments Protection Act (1882) (1990)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Murray
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Liberal Government ◽  
Ancient Monuments ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
State Interference ◽  
Made In

At the conclusion of his last speech as President of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI) in 1872, Sir John Lubbock announced his intention to try to introduce legislation that would protect the ancient monuments of Great Britain. He was optimistic about his chances for success: ‘As there seems to be a general wish throughout the country to take some adequate steps for the preservation of these ancient monuments and graves of our forefathers, I am not without hope that the bill may meet with favourable reception’ (Lubbock 1872: 442). It transpired that the Ancient Monuments Protection Bill (AMPB) was to sorely try Lubbock’s patience and sap his optimism, because the Ancient Monuments Protection Act (AMPA) was not to receive royal assent until 1882, ten years after Lubbock’s resignation from the presidency of the RAIGBI. The long battle to get the first AMPA onto the statute books had entailed a great many compromises concerning the machinery of protection and the degree of state interference in the property rights of landed citizens. The most important of these compromises was made in 1881, when Lubbock changed his parliamentary tactics. After years of obstruction in the House of Commons, Lubbock abandoned his Private Member’s Bill and carried a resolution through the house that forced the Gladstone Liberal government to introduce a public bill of its own. This bill became the basis of the first AMPA, and it was a pale reflection of Lubbock’s own proposed measure, even exempting the monuments of Ireland from protection until the Ancient Monuments Protection (Ireland) Act 1892. In the second reading debate of the government’s bill (August 11, 1882) Lubbock observed: . . .As regards the present bill, while it was, no doubt, a step in the right direction, especially in providing for the appointment of an inspector, he could not hope that it would prove altogether effectual. It was natural that he should prefer the bill that had been before the house in previous sessions. . . . . . .

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