Changes in morphology of white blood cells on peripheral smear in COVID-19 infection

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus, and has spread around the world in a deadly pandemic. The first case of COVID-19 was reported from Wuhan, China in December 2019. This is also called as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of its homology with SARS virus. The most common hematological manifestation of coronavirus is lymphopenia which is due to depletion of lymphocytes by coronavirus infection. Other manifestations are neutrophilia and mild thrombocytopenia. Literature is full of quantitative hematological parameters but the researches on morphology of white blood cells is still ongoing. We at our institute done study on 60 confirmed positive cases of COVID-19, and analyzed those peripheral smears in terms of morphology of white blood cells.Methods: The study was done using peripheral smear staining with methylene blue stain and was screened for various changes in white blood cells in peripheral smear.Results: Changes in the white blood cells were examined in the peripheral smear and findings were made in the tabular form.Conclusions: To conclude that all these changes are due to the virus infecting them or are secondary to pathogenesis of COVID disease, needs to be evaluated by larger studies.

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Hematological condition of breeding bulls after a long winter period of operation in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic

Genetika i razvedenie zhivotnyh ◽

10.31043/2410-2733-2021-4-67-73 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

A. Abilov ◽

A. Azhmyakov ◽

I. Novgorodova ◽

N. Bogolyubova

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Reference Values ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Winter Period ◽

Black And White ◽

Significant Difference ◽

White Breed ◽

Udmurt Republic

Purpose: to study hematological parameters of blood in bulls-producers of dairy breeds on the day of semen collection in the Udmurt Republic after a long winter period of operation, depending on the breeds, age and place of selection.Materials and methods. The work was performed at the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst on the basis of AO "Udmurtplem" of the Udmurt Republic in the period from 2020 to 2021 on dairy bulls (n=20) aged 15-69 months, including a purebred Holstein breed of domestic selection (n=6), a Holstein black-and-white breed of European selection (the Netherlands, n=6), a black-and-white breed with blood transfusion on Holsteins on at the level of 94-98% (n=8). The content of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, depending on age and breed, was studied on the ABC VET hematological analyzer on the day of taking the seed.Results. It was found that on average, in 20 bulls aged 15-69 months, the level of white blood cells was at the level of reference values of 8.8±0.25 x 109/l, red blood cells 10.3 x 1012/l, which is 50% more than the reference values. The concentration of hemoglobin is 128.0±2.92 g/l, hematocrit is on average 54.3%, with a norm of 24-46%. Breeding bulls at a reliable level, differing in age, showed that some animals had high indicators for red blood cells of 10.3±0.26 x 102, for hematocrit of 54.3% against 24-46% of reference values. Also, according to hematological indicators, there was a tendency to increase the concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit in European-bred bulls.Conclusion. The study of the variability in hematological parameters depending on the selection showed that there is no significant difference in leukocytes and all indicators are at the level of reference values, and in erythrocytes more than 50% than the highest indicators. The highest hemoglobin values were at the level of 141-156 g/l instead of 128 g/l according to the highest reference values. Hematocrit also showed high max values in all groups in comparison with the reference values of 59-66% versus 46% in the norm. It is necessary when analyzing hematological blood parameters in addition to the average statistical indicators (M+m) also, monitor the variability (min-max) in order to obtain more objective information.

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New Segmentation and Feature Extraction Algorithm for the Classification of White Blood Cells in Peripheral Smear Images

10.1101/2021.04.29.441751 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eslam Tavakoli ◽

Ali Ghaffari ◽

Seyedeh-Zahra Mousavi Kouzehkanan ◽

Reshad Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Dice Similarity Coefficient ◽

Second Phase ◽

Peripheral Smear ◽

Color Features ◽

Svm Model ◽

Extraction Algorithm ◽

Processing Techniques

This article addresses a new method for classification of white blood cells (WBCs) using image processing techniques and machine learning methods. The proposed method consists of three steps: detecting the nucleus and cytoplasm, extracting features, and classification. At first, a new algorithm is designed to segment the nucleus. For the cytoplasm to be detected, only a part of it which is located inside the convex hull of the nucleus is involved in the process. This attitude helps us overcome the difficulties of segmenting the cytoplasm. In the second phase, three shape and four novel color features are devised and extracted. Finally, by using an SVM model, the WBCs are classified. The segmentation algorithm can detect the nucleus with a dice similarity coefficient of 0.9675. The proposed method can categorize WBCs in Raabin-WBC, LISC, and BCCD datasets with accuracies of 94.47 %, 92.21 %, and 94.20 %, respectively. It is worth mentioning that the hyperparameters of the classifier are fixed only with Raabin-WBC dataset, and these parameters are not readjusted for LISC and BCCD datasets. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust, fast, and accurate.

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In-vivo Antiplasmodial Effect of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine-Nitrofurantoin on Plasmodium berghei- Infected Mice

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.9734/jamps/2021/v23i930256 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 12-20

Author(s):

Udeme O. Georgewill ◽

Festus Azibanigha Joseph ◽

Elias Adikwu

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tract Infections

Nitrofurantoin (NT) used for the treatment of urinary tract infections may have antiplasmodial activity. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is an artemisinin based combination therapy used for the treatment of malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine-nitrofurantoin (DP-NT) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Adult Swiss albino mice (30-35 g) of both sexes were used. The mice were randomly grouped, inoculated with Plasmodium berghei, and treated orally with DP (1.7/13.7 mg/kg), NT (57.1 mg/kg) and DP-NT (1.71/13.7/ 57.1 mg/kg), respectively using curative, prophylactic and suppressive tests. The negative control was orally treated with normal saline (0.3 mL), while the positive control was orally treated with chloroquine CQ (10mg/kg). After treatment, blood samples were collected and evaluated for percentage parasitemia, inhibitions and hematological parameters. Liver samples were evaluated for histological changes. The mice were observed for mean survival time (MST). Treatment with DP-NT decreased parasitemia levels when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT prolonged MST when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. The decrease in packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin and increase in white blood cells in parasitized mice were significantly restored by DP-NT when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT eradicated liver Plasmodium parasite. NT remarkably increased the antiplasmodial activity of DP. DP-NT may be used for the treatment of malaria.

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Evaluation of the hemogram of Oryctolagus cuniculus envenomus

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.2.0384 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 266-272

Author(s):

Obou Constantin Okou ◽

N’guessan Emmanuel Assemian ◽

Kouadio Bernard Allali ◽

Guy Childeric Bingo ◽

Allico Joseph Djaman

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Experimental Batch ◽

Haematological Parameters ◽

Rabbit Blood ◽

Hemolysis Test ◽

Dose Dependent

The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the hemolysing action of Naja nigricollis venom on rabbit blood. To carry out this study, three batches of three rabbits were formed with two control batches and one experimental batch. Each control lot is composed of three rabbits (males or females) while the experimental lot is composed of two males and one female. Each rabbit from the control lots was separately collected in the purple tube (EDTA) and transported to the laboratory for analysis. The rabbits from the experimental batch were also collected distinctly a few minutes after the injection of the venom of Naja nigricollis for the analysis of haematological parameters. However, before the analysis of the hematological parameters of the rabbits from the control and experimental batches, an in vitro hemolysis test of Naja nigricollis venom was performed to verify its hemolysing power. The results showed that Naja nigricollis venom has a dose-dependent in vitro hemolysing power. As for the haemogram, it revealed that the venom of Naja nigricollis has a decreasing effect on blood cells (red and white blood cells), on haemoglobin and on haematocrit, and an elevation on MGVs thus promoting anaemia.

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Exploring the therapeutic potential of apple extracts against thrombocytopenia in rat experimental models

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-09-2017-0201 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 397-405

Author(s):

Munawar Abbas ◽

Farhan Saeed ◽

Muhammad Umair Arshad ◽

Muhammad Tahir Nadeem ◽

Huma Bader-Ul-Ain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Content Type ◽

Apple Seed

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of apple extracts against thrombocytopenia, i.e. decrease in platelet count. Design/methodology/approach Male Sprague Dawley rats were used to evaluate therapeutic potential of apple extracts. Diets enriched with apple fruit and seed’s ethanolic extract were provided to normal and KBrO3-induced thrombocytopenic rats for 60 days. KBrO3 was administered at level of 85 mg/Kg of body weight of rats to intentionally decrease the platelet count. Platelet count and other hematological parameters were monitored at monthly intervals to evaluate therapeutic effect of apple extracts against thrombocytopenia. Findings The results of current research portrayed that both apple seed and fruit extracts enriched diets increased the platelet count significantly (p < 0.05) in thrombocytopenic rats. It was observed that apple fruit extract-enriched diet (AFE) raised the platelet count to 14.72 and 33.07 per cent in normal and thrombocytopenic rats, respectively. Apple seed extract-enriched diet (ASE) raised the platelet count to 11.08 and 32.90 per cent in normal and thrombocytopenic rats, respectively. Other hematological parameters including white blood cells, red blood cells and hemoglobin were also significantly increased. Originality/value Thrombocytopenia is uprising problem in developing world including India and Pakistan accompanied by different diseases especially dengue and related complications. Because of questioning on therapies against thrombocytopenia, research on diet-based therapies, as a substitute to synthetic one, is increasing. Diet rich in antioxidant compounds including apple fruit and seeds are the limelight of manuscript.

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T lymphocyte subsets of the umbilical cord blood of dogs

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352009000400005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 791-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.L.B. Cápua ◽

A.E. Santana ◽

A.P.M. Nakage ◽

A.V. Godoy ◽

A. Kataoka

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

T Lymphocyte ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Cd4 Cells ◽

T Lymphocyte Subsets

The hematological parameters red blood cells (RBC) and total white blood cells (WBC) counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and RBC indexes (median corpuscular volume and median corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) were determined and T CD5+ lymphocytes and CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations of the umbilical cord blood (UCB) of dogs were quantified by the cytofluorimetric technique. Nine adult Beagles, from two do five-year old, were used as control. The umbilical cord blood (UCB) was collected from 20 neonate dogs. The method for the UCB collection was adequate to obtain sufficient quantity of blood for the accomplishment of the hematological analyses and lymphocyte quantification. Cytoscopic preparations of the UCB suggested high erythropoietic activity. There was no difference for the global leukocyte and lymphocyte counts between the groups. UCB T lymphocyte counts were lower than those obtained for adult dogs. The proportion of CD4:CD8 showed a great dominance of T CD4+ cells over T CD8+ lymphocytes in UCB.

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Breakfast can Affect Routine Hematology and Coagulation Laboratory Testing: An Evaluation on Behalf of COLABIOCLI WG-PRE-LATAM

TH Open ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3401002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 03 (04) ◽

pp. e367-e376 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Elena Arredondo ◽

Eduardo Aranda ◽

Rubén Astorga ◽

Lorena Michele Brennan-Bourdon ◽

Marise Danielle Campelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Laboratory Testing ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Coagulation Testing ◽

Fasting Time

AbstractLaboratories worldwide perform both hematological and coagulation testing on patients avoiding fasting time. In 2017, the Latin America Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI) commissioned the Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM) to study preanalytical variability and establish guidelines for preanalytical procedures to be applied by clinical laboratories and health care professionals. This study, on behalf of COLABIOCLI WG-PRE-LATAM, aims to evaluate the effect of the breakfast on routine hematology and coagulation laboratory testing. We studied 20 healthy volunteers who consumed a breakfast containing a standardized amount of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. We collected blood specimens for routine hematology and coagulation laboratory testing before breakfast and 1, 2, and 4 hours thereafter. Significant differences between samples were assessed by the Wilcoxon ranked-pairs test. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between basal and 4 hours after the breakfast were observed for red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, mean platelet volume, and activated partial thromboplastin time. In conclusion, the significant variations observed in several hematological parameters, and activated partial thromboplastin time due to breakfast feeding demonstrate that the fasting time needs to be carefully considered prior to performing routine hematological and coagulation testing to avoid interpretive mistakes of test results, and to guarantee patient safety. Therefore, COLABIOCLI WG-PRE-LATAM encourages laboratory quality managers to standardize the fasting requirements in their laboratory, i.e., 12 hours.

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Non-specific protection of the body of la-boratory rats under the influence of experimental hypoxia

International bulletin of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.17238/issn2072-2419.2020.3.116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 116-123

Author(s):

F.I. Alistratova ◽

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Blood Test ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

The Body ◽

Urgent Problem ◽

Adaptive Capabilities ◽

First Case ◽

Group A ◽

Adaptive Reactions

To date, the search for the most informa-tive and simple methods for diagnose of adaptive capabilities is an urgent problem of veterinary medicine and adaptive physiolo-gy. The direction of the animal body's re-sponse to the hypoxic factor has not been sufficiently studied. Objective: the analyze of the dynamics of changes of the main indi-cators in the leukogram under the influence of hypoxia, as well as the study of the role of leukocyte, indices the analysis of the level of resistance in rats. The animals were divided into two groups: in the first case, the animals were injected with cytoflavin at a dose of 135 mg/kg before the hypoxia ses-sion, and in the second case, saline was ad-ministered at an equivalent dose. The blood test was performed on a hematological auto-matic analyzer, and the clinical parameters of peripheral blood were determined. Mathe-matically, the leukogram was used to deter-mine: the white blood cell shift index (ISLC), the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio in-dex (ISLM), and the lymphocyte-granulocyte index (ILG). The results of the study showed that the course of hypoxia contributes to a number of changes in the blood composition, for 21 days. There was an increase in the number of white blood cells in both groups, a change in the parame-ters of the leukocyte formula-a decrease in the content of lymphocytes, with a simulta-neous increase in the proportion of mono-cytes. The use of interval hypoxia caused a decrease in the content of red blood cells in animals of the first group, a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit in both groups studied. The number of plate-lets increased, which also indicates the start of adaptive reactions in the body of rats. The use of leukocyte indices is the assess to the level of resistance of the body and showed their high significance and informa-tive value in modeling experimental hypoxia.

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Multiple Osteolytic Lesions Causing Hypercalcemia: A Rare Presentation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Case Reports in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/2347810 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Khalid Mahmood ◽

Muhammad Ubaid ◽

Syeda Taliya Rizvi

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Hematological Malignancy ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Peripheral Smear ◽

Rare Presentation ◽

Osteolytic Lesions ◽

Severe Hypercalcemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is characterized by unchecked proliferation of malignant lymphoblasts which replaces the normal bone marrow culminating in anemia due to red blood cells inadequacy as well as in easy bruising/bleeding secondary to insufficient platelets production. Even the white blood cells which are produced excessively are immature and abnormal. ALL is the most common hematological malignancy in children. Most commonly, patients present with lymphadenopathy, recurrent infections, bleeding, fatigue, and bone pains. Bone pains, often particularly involving long bones, occur in about 21–38% of cases and are due to overcrowding of bone marrow with malignant cells. Vast majority of children with ALL have thrombocytopenia and/or anemia with a normal or mildly elevated white blood cells count with the presence of lymphoblasts on peripheral smear. About 50% of children present with bleeding while about 75% of patients have platelet count 100,000/microL. Visceromegaly is not uncommon but osteolytic lesions and hypercalcemia are rather uncommon. We present a 22-year-old gentleman with generalized fatigue and bone pains without visceromegaly. There was severe hypercalcemia with normal parathyroid levels but multiple osteolytic lesions. Peripheral smear showed anemia without blasts, whereas a bone marrow biopsy revealed > 30% blasts with interspersed CD 10 positive cells.

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FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN TB PARU DAN UPAYA PENANGGULANGANNYA

10.31227/osf.io/r3fmq ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Edza Aria Wikurendra

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

The World ◽

Success Of Treatment ◽

Selection Of ◽

Made In

Tuberculosis is still the main infectious disease in the world and is increasingly becoming a concern with the presence of HIV / AIDS. In the Ministry of Health's Strategic Plan for 2015-2019, infectious diseases are one of the main priorities that must be addressed to realize a Healthy Indonesia. The number of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia is reported to be 130 / 100,000, every year there are 539,000 new cases and the number of deaths is around 101,000 per year, the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis cases is about 110 / 100,000 people. This paper aims to reveal the problem of influential factors and efforts that must be made in controlling pulmonary TB disease. This paper is made by tracing research reports / articles related to the incidence of pulmonary TB. And then a selection of the collected reports is carried out, so that 20 selected journals / articles can be reviewed. From selected reports, determined aspects that indicate the factors that caused the incidence of pulmonary TB and TB prevention efforts were carried out. Various efforts have been made through various approaches to treat or at least reduce the incidence of TB. Such as network model strategy programs and others are expected to provide healing and prevent transmission. But in the implementation in the field, the success of treatment and prevention with this strategy experienced several obstacles that did not provide maximum results.

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