Does Suppression Levels of Testosterone Have an Impact in The Craniofacial Growth? A Systematic Review in Animal Studies/  A supressão de testosterona impacta o crescimento craniofacial? Uma revisão sistemática de estudos com animais

Abstract Background Mitochondria are essential organelles that provide energy for cellular functions, participate in cellular signaling and growth, and facilitate cell death. Based on their multifactorial roles, mitochondria are also critical in the progression of critical illnesses. Transplantation of mitochondria has been reported as a potential promising approach to treat critical illnesses, particularly ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). However, a systematic review of the relevant literature has not been conducted to date. Here, we systematically reviewed the animal and human studies relevant to IRI to summarize the evidence for mitochondrial transplantation. Methods We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane library, and Embase and performed a systematic review of mitochondrial transplantation for IRI in both preclinical and clinical studies. We developed a search strategy using a combination of keywords and Medical Subject Heading/Emtree terms. Studies including cell-mediated transfer of mitochondria as a transfer method were excluded. Data were extracted to a tailored template, and data synthesis was descriptive because the data were not suitable for meta-analysis. Results Overall, we identified 20 animal studies and two human studies. Among animal studies, 14 (70%) studies focused on either brain or heart IRI. Both autograft and allograft mitochondrial transplantation were used in 17 (85%) animal studies. The designs of the animal studies were heterogeneous in terms of the route of administration, timing of transplantation, and dosage used. Twelve (60%) studies were performed in a blinded manner. All animal studies reported that mitochondrial transplantation markedly mitigated IRI in the target tissues, but there was variation in biological biomarkers and pathological changes. The human studies were conducted with a single-arm, unblinded design, in which autologous mitochondrial transplantation was applied to pediatric patients who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for IRI–associated myocardial dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Conclusion The evidence gathered from our systematic review supports the potential beneficial effects of mitochondrial transplantation after IRI, but its clinical translation remains limited. Further investigations are thus required to explore the mechanisms of action and patient outcomes in critical settings after mitochondrial transplantation. Systematic review registration The study was registered at UMIN under the registration number UMIN000043347.

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TRAIL and Cardiovascular Disease—A Risk Factor or Risk Marker: A Systematic Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10061252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1252

Author(s):

Katarzyna Kakareko ◽

Alicja Rydzewska-Rosołowska ◽

Edyta Zbroch ◽

Tomasz Hryszko

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Gestational Hypertension ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽

Risk Marker ◽

Artery Disease

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a pro-apoptotic protein showing broad biological functions. Data from animal studies indicate that TRAIL may possibly contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke and abdominal aortic aneurysm. It has been also suggested that TRAIL might be useful in cardiovascular risk stratification. This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether TRAIL is a risk factor or risk marker in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) focusing on major adverse cardiovascular events. Two databases (PubMed and Cochrane Library) were searched until December 2020 without a year limit in accordance to the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 63 eligible original studies were identified and included in our systematic review. Studies suggest an important role of TRAIL in disorders such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, and pulmonary and gestational hypertension. Most evidence associates reduced TRAIL levels and increased TRAIL-R2 concentration with all-cause mortality in patients with CVDs. It is, however, unclear whether low TRAIL levels should be considered as a risk factor rather than a risk marker of CVDs. Further studies are needed to better define the association of TRAIL with cardiovascular diseases.

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Ketamine’s effect on inflammation and kynurenine pathway in depression: A systematic review

Journal of Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/02698811211026426 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026988112110264

Author(s):

Emma Kopra ◽

Valeria Mondelli ◽

Carmine Pariante ◽

Naghmeh Nikkheslat

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Bipolar Depression ◽

Strong Support ◽

Kynurenine Pathway ◽

Future Research ◽

Downstream Effects ◽

Tnf Α ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Ketamine is a novel rapid-acting antidepressant with high efficacy in treatment-resistant patients. Its exact therapeutic mechanisms of action are unclear; however, in recent years its anti-inflammatory properties and subsequent downstream effects on tryptophan (TRP) metabolism have sparked research interest. Aim: This systematic review examined the effect of ketamine on inflammatory markers and TRP–kynurenine (KYN) pathway metabolites in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression and in animal models of depression. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched on October 2020 (1806 to 2020). Results: Out of 807 initial results, nine human studies and 22 animal studies on rodents met the inclusion criteria. Rodent studies provided strong support for ketamine-induced decreases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely in interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and indicated anti-inflammatory effects on TRP metabolism, including decreases in the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Clinical evidence was less robust with high heterogeneity between sample characteristics, but most experiments demonstrated decreases in peripheral inflammation including in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Preliminary support was also found for reduced activation of the neurotoxic arm of the KYN pathway. Conclusion: Ketamine appears to induce anti-inflammatory effects in at least a proportion of depressed patients. Suggestions for future research include investigation of markers in the central nervous system and examination of clinical relevance of inflammatory changes.

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Neuroinflammation, neuronal damage or cognitive impairment associated with mechanical ventilation: A systematic review of evidence from animal studies

Journal of Critical Care ◽

10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.12.017 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Giordano ◽

Francesco Pugliese ◽

Federico Bilotta

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Neuronal Damage

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328 Insomnia in older HIV patients: a systematic review

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A131-A131

Author(s):

Igor Freire ◽

Miguel Meira e Cruz ◽

Cristina Salles

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

General Population ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Advanced Age ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Sleep Difficulty ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Previous Diagnosis ◽

Worse Prognosis

Abstract Introduction Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in elderly. Although the HIV-positive population have a similar life expectancy when compared to the general population, some factors may interact with immunity conditions and therefore contribute to a worse prognosis. Little is known however, about the frequency of insomnia in older HIV-positive patients. OBJECTIVE: To systematic review the prevalence of insomnia in older HIV-positive patients. Methods Systematic Review. Several databases were consulted (MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, and VHL) and manual searches were performed. The terms used for the search were related to prevalence, HIV, insomnia, and advanced age. The inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional, cohort, and longitudinal studies. The accepted data were in patients with the previous diagnosis of HIV in advanced age, those over 50 years; studies that report the frequency of insomnia or insomnia symptoms (accepted symptoms: difficulty in starting sleep, difficulty in maintaining sleep, multiple awakenings during sleep and early awakening). The criteria for exclusion were: clinical trials, animal studies, letters, abstracts, conference proceedings, studies with other sleep scales that did not include insomnia. Results There were 2805 publications found in the database and a further 10 articles were included manually. Of this total, four were included in this review, resulting in a total of 2,227 participants. The prevalence of insomnia in HIV-positive patients over 50 years varied from 12.5% to 76.5%. Conclusion The frequency of insomnia was higher in the profile of the population studied than in the general population. This should be clinically relevant in order to adequately treat and impact on the prognosis of those patient. Support (if any):

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Exploring the roles of neuropeptides in trigeminal neuropathic pain: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of animal studies

Archives of Oral Biology ◽

10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105247 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105247

Author(s):

Nontawat Chuinsiri ◽

David Edwards ◽

Vsevolod Telezhkin ◽

Christopher J. Nile ◽

Fréderic Van der Cruyssen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Narrative Synthesis ◽

Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain

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Relationship between Prenatal or Postnatal Exposure to Pesticides and Obesity: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18137170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 7170

Author(s):

Helena Pinos ◽

Beatriz Carrillo ◽

Ana Merchán ◽

Judit Biosca-Brull ◽

Cristian Pérez-Fernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Control ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Pesticide Exposure ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Postnatal Exposure ◽

Body Weight Control ◽

The Impact

In recent years, the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults and children has dramatically increased. The conventional model regarding the onset of obesity is based on an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. However, other possible environmental factors involved, such as the exposure to chemicals like pesticides, cannot be discarded. These compounds could act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) that may interfere with hormone activity related to several mechanisms involved in body weight control. The main objective of this study was to systematically review the data provided in the scientific literature for a possible association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to pesticides and obesity in offspring. A total of 25 human and 9 animal studies were analyzed. The prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposure to organophosphate, organochlorine, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, and carbamate, as well as a combined pesticide exposure was reviewed. This systematic review reveals that the effects of pesticide exposure on body weight are mostly inconclusive, finding conflicting results in both humans and experimental animals. The outcomes reviewed are dependent on many factors, including dosage and route of administration, species, sex, and treatment duration. More research is needed to effectively evaluate the impact of the combined effects of different pesticides on human health.

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Tissue engineering of urethra: Systematic review of recent literature

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370217731289 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 242 (18) ◽

pp. 1772-1785 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stanislav Žiaran ◽

Martina Galambošová ◽

L'uboš Danišovič

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Urethral Reconstruction

The purpose of this article was to perform a systematic review of the recent literature on urethral tissue engineering. A total of 31 articles describing the use of tissue engineering for urethra reconstruction were included. The obtained results were discussed in three groups: cells, scaffolds, and clinical results of urethral reconstructions using these components. Stem cells of different origin were used in many experimental studies, but only autologous urothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes were applied in clinical trials. Natural and synthetic scaffolds were studied in the context of urethral tissue engineering. The main advantage of synthetic ones is the fact that they can be obtained in unlimited amount and modified by different techniques, but scaffolds of natural origin normally contain chemical groups and bioactive proteins which increase the cell attachment and may promote the cell proliferation and differentiation. The most promising are smart scaffolds delivering different bioactive molecules or those that can be tubularized. In two clinical trials, only onlay-fashioned transplants were used for urethral reconstruction. However, the very promising results were obtained from animal studies where tubularized scaffolds, both non-seeded and cell-seeded, were applied. Impact statement The main goal of this article was to perform a systematic review of the recent literature on urethral tissue engineering. It summarizes the most recent information about cells, seeded or non-seeded scaffolds and clinical application with respect to regeneration of urethra.

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