scholarly journals Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Probiotic Yeasts and Bacteria Isolated From Dairy Products of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-487
Author(s):  
Hajar Zolfaghari ◽  
Arezou Khezerlou ◽  
Ali Ehsani ◽  
Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gastric Secretions ◽  
Harmful Effects

Purpose : The present study was conducted to assess the ability of probiotic bacteria and yeasts strains to reduce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in gastrointestinal simulated conditions. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic and immunosuppressive agents. Acute exposure to a high level of aflatoxins leads to aflatoxicosis, which cause rapid death due to liver failure. It is anticipated that consumption of probiotic microorganisms capable of binding aflatoxins can reduce the risk of AFB1 on human health to a certain extent. Methods: For this purpose, the bacteria (1 × 1010 cfu/mL) and yeasts count (2 × 108 cells/mL) and AFB1 concentration (10 ppb) were adjusted. Then, the samples were incubated in the simulated medium, human gastric secretions and small intestine. The concentration of residual AFB1 was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Results: The native isolated bacteria and yeasts in the simulated gastrointestinal tract condition showed a significant effect on AFB1 reduction (P<0.05). The AFB1 reduction ability of native probiotic microorganisms was strain dependent. The highest binding ability in bacteria belonged to Lactobacillus rhamnosus (31.14%) and at yeasts belonged to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (30.46%). Conclusion: The use of probiotic strains is the appropriate biological method to reduce AFB1 in the human gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic bacteria could help to decrease the harmful effects of AFB1 in humans through enhancing the food safety.

Aflatoxin B1 Binding by a Mixture of Lactobacillus and Propionibacterium: In Vitro Versus Ex Vivo

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2470-2474 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. GRATZ ◽  
H. MYKKÄNEN ◽  
H. EL-NEZAMI
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Tissue Uptake ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Food And Feed

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a well-known carcinogen and reducing its bioavailability is of great interest for human and animal health. Several probiotic bacteria are able to bind AFB1 in vitro, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC-705 and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii JS. A mixture of these two probiotics is used by the food and feed industry as biopreservative (Bioprofit), making it a promising candidate for future applications. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the in vitro and ex vivo ability of this probiotic mixture to bind AFB1. For in vitro experiments, probiotic mixture was suspended in an AFB1 solution (5 μM), incubated for 1 to 30 min, centrifuged, and AFB1 residues were quantitated in supernatant and pellet. For ex vivo experiments, duodenal loops of chicks were ligated and injected with either AFB1 solution alone or probiotic mixture suspension and AFB1 solution. Lumen content was centrifuged and AFB1 was quantitated in supernatant and pellet. Additionally, AFB1 was extracted from duodenal tissue to calculate tissue uptake. In vitro, 57 to 66% of AFB1 was removed from the solution by the probiotic mixture, but only 38 to 47% could be extracted from the bacterial surface. In ex vivo experiments, only up to 25% of AFB1 was bound by bacteria, and tissue uptake of AFB1 was significantly reduced when probiotic bacteria were present in the duodenal loop. Furthermore, the effect of intestinal mucus on the bacterial binding ability was investigated in vitro and was found to significantly reduce AFB1 binding by the probiotic mixture. However, probiotic mixture could only retard but not prevent AFB1 absorption in duodenal loops. Further work needs to assess the potential of probiotics in different experimental setups.

scholarly journals Adherence of Probiotic Bacteria to Human Intestinal Mucus in Healthy Infants and during Rotavirus Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Juntunen ◽  
P. V. Kirjavainen ◽  
A. C. Ouwehand ◽  
S. J. Salminen ◽  
E. Isolauri
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

ABSTRACT The concentration of fecal mucin and the adhesion of specific probiotics and their combinations in the intestinal mucus of infants during and after rotavirus diarrhea and in healthy children were determined. Mucus was prepared from fecal samples from 20 infants during and after rotavirus diarrhea and from 10 healthy age-matched children. Mucin concentration was determined, and the adhesion of five probiotics—Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Lactobacillus paracasei F19,Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12—and their combinations was tested in vitro. The mean concentrations of fecal mucin during and after rotavirus diarrhea, 15.2 and 14.1 mg/g, were comparable to that in healthy children, 14.9 mg/g. The adherence of probiotics ranged from 1 to 34% in healthy subjects as indicated for the following strains: L. rhamnosus GG, 34%; B. lactis Bb12, 31%; L. acidophilus LA5, 4%; L. paracasei F19, 3%; and L. caseiShirota, 1% (P = 0.0001). The distinctive pattern of probiotic adherence was not influenced by rotavirus diarrhea. The adhesion of Bb12 in the presence of GG increased from 31 to 39% in healthy infants (P = 0.018) and in episodes of diarrhea increased from 26 to 44% (P = 0.001). Rotavirus diarrhea does not decrease the production of fecal mucin or with respect to the adhesion of probiotic bacteria tested in vitro. Combination of specific probiotic strains may enhance adherence in a synergistic manner. Optimal clinical application of these interactions may offer novel therapeutic guidelines for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal infections.

scholarly journals Protection of probiotic microorganisms by microencapsulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Petrovic ◽  
Viktor Nedovic ◽  
Suzana Dimitrijevic-Brankovic ◽  
Branko Bugarski ◽  
Christophe Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Fermented Dairy ◽  
Supporting Materials

Probiotic bacteria are used in the production of fermented dairy foods, pharmaceutical products and health supplements. They play an important role in promoting and maintaining human health. In order, to produce health benefits probiotic strains should be present in a viable form at a suitable level during the product's shelf life until consumption and maintain high viability throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the importance of these beneficial microorganisms many investigations have shown their poor viability and stability, especially for bifidobacteria in fermented products. The introduction of microencapsulation techniques for protection of probiotic strains has resulted in greatly enhanced viability of these microorganisms in food products as well as in the gastrointestinal tract. This paper gives an overview of available microencapsulation techniques and materials for probiotic protection and stabilization. Several methods of microencapsulation for probiotic bacteria, including extrusion, emulsification, drying (fluidized bed, spray, freeze) and spray coating techniques, are presented. The commonly used supporting materials like alginate, starch, chitosan, gelatin, waxes, biogums, and some others are also discussed.

scholarly journals Survival of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract with Daily Consumption of a Low-Fat Probiotic Spread

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (19) ◽  
pp. 6198-6204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne E. M. Dommels ◽  
Robèr A. Kemperman ◽  
Yvonne E. M. P. Zebregs ◽  
René B. Draaisma ◽  
Arne Jol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Target Dose ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Probiotic Strains

ABSTRACT Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Therefore, probiotic strains should be able to survive passage through the human gastrointestinal tract. Human gastrointestinal tract survival of probiotics in a low-fat spread matrix has, however, never been tested. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human intervention study was to test the human gastrointestinal tract survival of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG after daily consumption of a low-fat probiotic spread by using traditional culturing, as well as molecular methods. Forty-two healthy human volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups provided with 20 g of placebo spread (n = 13), 20 g of spread with a target dose of 1 × 109 CFU of L. reuteri DSM 17938 (n = 13), or 20 g of spread with a target dose of 5 × 109 CFU of L. rhamnosus GG (n = 16) daily for 3 weeks. Fecal samples were obtained before and after the intervention period. A significant increase, compared to the baseline, in the recovery of viable probiotic lactobacilli in fecal samples was demonstrated after 3 weeks of daily consumption of the spread containing either L. reuteri DSM 17938 or L. rhamnosus GG by selective enumeration. In the placebo group, no increase was detected. The results of selective enumeration were supported by quantitative PCR, detecting a significant increase in DNA resulting from the probiotics after intervention. Overall, our results indicate for the first time that low-fat spread is a suitable carrier for these probiotic strains.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Assimilation byLactobacillusProbiotic Bacteria: AnIn VitroInvestigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Tomaro-Duchesneau ◽  
Mitchell L. Jones ◽  
Divya Shah ◽  
Poonam Jain ◽  
Shyamali Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents

Excess cholesterol is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), an important cause of mortality worldwide. Current CVD therapeutic measures, lifestyle and dietary interventions, and pharmaceutical agents for regulating cholesterol levels are inadequate. Probiotic bacteria have demonstrated potential to lower cholesterol levels by different mechanisms, including bile salt hydrolase activity, production of compounds that inhibit enzymes such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, and cholesterol assimilation. This work investigates 11Lactobacillusstrains for cholesterol assimilation. Probiotic strains for investigation were selected from the literature:Lactobacillus reuteriNCIMB 11951,L. reuteriNCIMB 701359,L. reuteriNCIMB 702655,L. reuteriNCIMB 701089,L. reuteriNCIMB 702656,Lactobacillus fermentumNCIMB 5221,L. fermentumNCIMB 8829,L. fermentumNCIMB 2797,Lactobacillus rhamnosusATCC 53103 GG,Lactobacillus acidophilusATCC 314, andLactobacillus plantarumATCC 14917. Cholesterol assimilation was investigated in culture media and under simulated intestinal conditions. The best cholesterol assimilator wasL. plantarumATCC 14917 (15.18 ± 0.55 mg/1010 cfu) in MRS broth.L. reuteriNCIMB 701089 assimilated over 67% (2254.70 ± 63.33 mg/1010 cfu) of cholesterol, the most of all the strains, under intestinal conditions. This work demonstrates that probiotic bacteria can assimilate cholesterol under intestinal conditions, withL. reuteriNCIMB 701089 showing great potential as a CVD therapeutic.

scholarly journals Heat-killed probiotic bacteria differentially regulate colonic epithelial cell production of human β-defensin-2: dependence on inflammatory cytokines

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Habil ◽  
W. Abate ◽  
J. Beal ◽  
A.D. Foey
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The inducible antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial products is essential to antipathogen responses of gut epithelial cells. Commensal and probiotic bacteria can augment such mucosal defences. Probiotic use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, however, may have adverse effects, boosting inflammatory responses. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of selected probiotic strains on hBD-2 production by epithelial cells induced by pathologically relevant pro-inflammatory cytokines and the role of cytokine modulators in controlling hBD-2. Caco-2 colonic intestinal epithelial cells were pre-incubated with heat-killed probiotics, i.e. Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) or Lactobacillus fermentum strain MS15 (LF), followed by stimulation of hBD-2 by interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the absence or presence of exogenous IL-10 or anti-IL-10 neutralising antibody. Cytokines and hBD-2 mRNA and protein were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. LcS augmented IL-1β-induced hBD-2, whereas LF enhanced TNF-α- and suppressed IL-1β-induced hBD-2. LF enhanced TNF-α-induced TNF-α and suppressed IL-10, whereas augmented IL-1β-induced IL-10. LcS upregulated IL-1β-induced TNF-α mRNA and suppressed IL-10. Endogenous IL-10 differentially regulated hBD-2; neutralisation of IL-10 augmented TNF-α- and suppressed IL-1β-induced hBD-2. Exogenous IL-10, however, suppressed both TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced hBD-2; LcS partially rescued suppression in TNF-α- and IL-1β-stimulation, whereas LF further suppressed IL-1β-induced hBD-2. It can be concluded that probiotic strains differentially regulate hBD-2 mRNA expression and protein secretion, modulation being dictated by inflammatory stimulus and resulting cytokine environment.

scholarly journals Effect of Simulated Gastrointestinal Tract Conditions on Survivability of Probiotic Bacteria Present in Commercial Preparations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Lidia Stasiak-Różańska ◽  
Anna Berthold-Pluta ◽  
Antoni Stanisław Pluta ◽  
Krzysztof Dasiewicz ◽  
Monika Garbowska
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

Probiotics are recommended, among others, in the diet of children who are under antibiotic therapy, or that suffer from food allergies or travel diarrhea, etc. In the case of toddlers taking probiotic preparations, it is highly recommended to first remove the special capsule, which normally protects probiotic strains against hard conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. Otherwise, the toddler may choke. This removal can impair probiotic survival and reduce its efficacy in a toddler’s organism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survivability of five strains of lactic acid bacteria from the commercial probiotics available on the Polish market under simulated conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Five probiotics (each including one of these strains: Bifidobacterium BB-12, Lactobacillus (Lb.) rhamnosus GG, Lb. casei, Lb. acidophilus, Lb. plantarum) were protective capsule deprived, added in a food matrix (chicken–vegetable soup) and subjected under simulated conditions of the gastric and gastrointestinal passage. Strain survivability and possibility to growth were evaluated. Obtained results showed that, among all analyzed commercial probiotic strains, the Lb. plantarum was the most resistant to the applied conditions of the culture medium. They showed a noticeable growth under both in vitro gastric conditions at pH 4.0 and 5.0, as well as in vitro intestinal conditions at all tested concentrations of bile salts.

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