scholarly journals Risk of HIV/STIs among Muslim army conscripts in the three deep southern provinces of Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-451
Author(s):  
Awirut Singkun ◽  
Kraiwuth Kallawicha ◽  
Khemika Yamarat
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Background: The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases is an important public health problem, especially in people who are sexually active, such as the army conscript group. However, their knowledge, attitudes, and practices may be influenced by certain cultures and beliefs. This study explored the factors associated with the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among the Muslim army conscript in three deep southern provinces of Thailand. Methods: The cross-sectional study design was conducted among 360 Muslim army conscripts. A researcher made questionnaire on knowledge of HIV/STI transmission, attitude toward condom use, and sexual behavior was distributed to the participants in a camp base. The association between the potential predictor variables and the risk of HIV/STI was analyzed using the multiple logistic regression. Statistically significant of the association considered a P value ≤ 0.05. Results: The results suggest that most Muslim army conscripts had a poor knowledge level of HIV/STI transmission (78.7%) and that their attitude toward condom use was at a moderate level (60.0%). The predicted factors were marital status [aOR=0.078, 95% CI=0.035-0.172], substance use before having sex [aOR=8.044, 95% CI=1.288-50.230], stimulant use before having sex [aOR=3.632, 95% CI=1.080-12.211], vaginal sexual intercourse [aOR=26.228, 95% CI=8.370-82.189], and oral sexual intercourse [aOR=2.256, 95% CI=1.106-4.601]. Conclusion: A proper sexual health education program should be developed and delivered to enhance knowledge on HIV/STI transmission among Muslim army conscripts.

scholarly journals Physicians’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards Zika virus infection in Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (07) ◽  
pp. 584-590
Author(s):  
Eman Y Abu-rish ◽  
Eman R Elayeh ◽  
Michael J Browning
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
General Physicians

Introduction: Zika virus (ZIKAV) disease is a public health problem of international concern. Recent evidence has documented imported ZIKAV cases into the Middle East and the existence of ZIKAV-transmitting mosquitoes in Jordan. However, limited data exist on the role of physicians in public awareness in this regard. This study aimed to assess ZIKAV knowledge, attitudes and counseling practices (KAP) of general physicians and gynecologists in Amman, Jordan. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, a structured paper-based questionnaire was completed by 119 participants during 2016-2017. Results: Only 4.2% of the physicians correctly addressed ZIKAV-complication questions. A misconception of considering direct contact between individuals and breastfeeding as modes of ZIKAV transmission was observed. Only one participant correctly recognized that isolation of infected or exposed persons is not recommended. Having at least five years of experience in medical practice was the only factor that was significantly associated with a high knowledge score (P-value=0.011). Although prevention measures are the sole method to control ZIKAV spread, only 50% of participants believed in the efficacy of such measures. Despite a quarter of participants perceiving ZIKAV as a threat to their patients, none of them have counseled a patient in this regard before. The presence of an evidence of ZIKAV in Jordan and health authorities' recommendations were the most important predictors for adoption of counseling practice. Conclusions: General physicians and gynecologists in Jordan had several gaps in knowledge of key aspects of ZIKAV disease, and there is a need for specific training programs of physicians and gynecologists.

scholarly journals Abortion in women partners of inmates: prevalence and associated factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Cristina Martins ◽  
Giordana Maronezzi da Silva ◽  
Beatriz Maria dos Santos Santiago Ribeiro ◽  
Giovanna Brichi Pesce ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Molena Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Women Partners

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze factors and behaviors associated with the prevalence of abortion in female partners of prisoners. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach carried out with 349 women of inmates in three penitentiaries in the State of Paraná. For data collection, it was used validated instrument BSSB - Brazilian Study on Sexual Behavior. Descriptive analyzes were processed, and through the Chi-square test, the occurrence of abortion and the researched variables were associated. Results: (38.3%) of the women reported abortion throughout their lives, there was an association between women under the age of 30 (p=<0.001), who reported smoking (p=<0.044), not using condoms (p=<0.001), who suffered sexual violence (p = <0.050) and who reported a diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections (p=<0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed associated factors for high prevalence of abortion in women partners of inmates. Abortion is considered an important public health problem and needs to be treated with priority by public health policies in different population groups.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on depression among elderly people living in old age homes in Kurnool city

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Persis S. Bathala ◽  
Cynthia S. Sayolu
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Old Age Homes

Background: Aging is a normal process, which is associated with physical, social and psychological changes. Depression among elderly is an important public health problem responsible for considerable morbidity and disability. Hence this study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of depression among inmates of old age homes. The main was to know the prevalence and level of depression and to assess socio demographic factors associated with depression among inmates of old age homes.Methods: A cross sectional study was done from August 2019 to October 2019 in old age homes of Kurnool city with a sample size of 60 by simple random sampling. Depression was assessed using geriatric depression scale. Data entered in MS Excel version 7 and analysed by SPSS version 21. Chi-square test was applied to test the significance and p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The overall prevalence of depression was found to be 66.7% among inmates and is positively associated with female sex, increasing age, illiteracy, low socio economic status economical dependency and dependency for daily activities.Conclusions: As the prevalence of depression is more among inmates there is a need to provide emotional support and facilities to engage them in various social activities of the community especially the elder females to prevent them from being depressed.

The Factors Related with Behaviors and Approaches of Mothers in Avoiding Children from Gastroenteritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
Yasemin Durduran ◽  
Bahar Kandemir ◽  
Sevgi Pekcan ◽  
Reyhan Evci
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional

Gastrointestinal infection is an important public health problem in children and is frequently seen in developing countries due to low socioeconomic status and education levels, not obeying hygiene rules, and lack of environmental sanitation. Prevention of diarrheal diseases and raising the awareness of the mothers about diarrhea/gastroenteritis is a very important subject. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the mothers, who attended a pediatric outpatient clinic for any reason, about the management and prevention of gastroenteritis in children.This cross-sectional study was performed in Konya, Turkey. The study was carried out with mothers who attended the pediatric outpatient clinic of a faculty of medicine and who had a baby between 0 and 2 years of age. Surveys prepared according to the literature, were used for collecting data. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and independent t-test were used for data analysis. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered to be significant.The mean age of mothers was 31.7 ± 7.2 years. Of all the mothers, 97.2% had short nails, 76.3% regularly cleaned their nails once a week, and 92.2% used soap for hand washing every time. A mean score of 8.7 ± 2.8 for a question giving 12 situations where hand washing was necessary was obtained. Of the mother's babies, 40.3% had had diarrhea at least once. In terms of giving baby water and changing feeding behavior during diarrhea/gastroenteritis, significant differences were found between mothers whose babies had diarrhea/gastroenteritis previously and those whose babies had not experienced diarrhea/gastroenteritis. 83.6% of mothers had never heard about vaccination against rotavirus.Washing hands correctly and mothers' knowledge about proper water and food hygiene are important points in protecting children against diarrheal and gastroenteritis diseases. However, there is lack of knowledge and good practice, both in protecting children from, and managing children with, diarrhea. Thus, we believe that it would be beneficial to inform and educate mothers with little children, regularly about these issues.

Condom use among high-risk heterosexual women with concurrent sexual partnerships, Houston, Texas, USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 768-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Richards ◽  
J M Risser ◽  
P M Padgett ◽  
H U Rehman ◽  
M L Wolverton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Encounter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Partnerships ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Concurrent Partnerships ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Concurrent Sexual Partnerships

Concurrent sexual partnerships allow for enhanced transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Condom use dynamics in this context may be an important factor for transmission of HIV. We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe the frequency of concurrency among high-risk heterosexual women in Houston, Texas and determine the factors associated with condom use. A total of 553 participants were recruited using respondent-driven sampling and completed an anonymous questionnaire; 256 (49%) were identified as having a concurrent partnership. The prevalence of condom use at last sexual encounter was 26%. Women were significantly more likely to use condoms if their sexual encounter was with a casual partner and if alcohol and/or drugs were not used. The high prevalence of concurrent partnerships suggests the presence of a dense sexual network which may enable the rapid spread of STIs and HIV. The risk of transmission may be additionally increased due to the low prevalence of condom use.

scholarly journals Analisis faktor kejadian wasting pada anak balita 12-59 bulan di Puskesmas Bulili Kota Palu: Studi cross sectional

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Hepti Muliyati ◽  
Menis Mbali ◽  
Hadidja Bando ◽  
Riana Pangestu Utami ◽  
Opyn Mananta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Wasting on children is an important public health problem because of its considerable impact on their health and growth. This problem could lead to iron deficiency which could induce infection disease and probably lower a child’s intelligence as a long-term effect. This study aimed to analyze factors related to wasting on 12-59 months children in Bulili Public Health Center (PHC), Palu City. The analytical descriptive study designed with a cross-sectional approach was applied in this study. One hundred and twenty-one subject was selected from 283 children with purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed with chi-square and Fisher exact test with significant (p < 0,05). The result showed that most children with low birth weight experienced wasting with a p-value = 0,000. Most of the children from higher-income families did not experience wasting with a p-value = 0,004. Most children who didn’t receive breastfeeding milk did not experience wasting with a p-value = 0,958. This study concluded a correlation between low birth weight and income to wasting, but breastfeeding practice was not related.

scholarly journals Assessment on awareness towards preventive measures of COVID-19 in Sheka, Southwestern Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaye Belay Gelaw ◽  
Solomon Abebaw Andargie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it is the most important of public health problem worldwide. A critical element in tackling the COVID-19 crisis is personal behavioral change; however, there is a paucity of evidence about peoples’ awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, the aim of this was to assess the community’s awareness status towards COVID-19 in Sheka, Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted 10th to 21th April 2020. Four hundred-nineteen individuals participated during the study. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant factors of awareness status, and variables with p-value<0.05 indicated it significantly influences the awareness status of the individuals towards COVID-19.Results: According to the study’s results, nearly half (49.4 %) of the participants had awareness about COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such being female equal (AOR: 0.476, 95%CI: 0.293, 0.772),education being secondary and above(AOR:2.178,95%CI:1.323,3.586),and prevention methods being fully used (AOR,8.127,95%CI: 1.273, 51.871)were significantly influencing the awareness status of the community towards COVID-19 pandemic than their counterparts.Conclusion: The study showed that there is a low awareness status among people towards COVID-19.Hence, programs to improve awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic is essential to prevent and control the pandemic.

scholarly journals Assessment of the prevalence of vertical hepatitis B transmission in two consecutive generations

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Larissa Akeme Nakano ◽  
Jéssica Toshie Katayose ◽  
Rodrigo Martins Abreu ◽  
Luis Cláudio Alfaia Mendes ◽  
Maria Cleusa Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Hepatitis B Transmission ◽  
The Mean

Summary Introduction: Hepatitis B is an important public health problem in the world and one of the forms of contagion would be through vertical transmission. Precose diagnosis allows the adoption of prophylaxis measures, which results in prevention in more than 90% of cases. Objective: To describe the prevalences of vertical transmission and compare two generations (mother/patient and patient/child). Method: This was a cross-sectional study, which included 101 patients. The interviews were performed through the application of the instrument of data collection and information of the physical file before the medical consultation. Results: The mean ± SD of age was 50.9 ± 13.1 years, the male gender predominated, with 56.4% of the patients, and the predominance was white, with 43.6%. Vertical transmission between mother and patient occurred in 17.8% and between patient and child, in 7.9%. In all of the eight cases of vertical transmission, the diagnosis was after the birth of children infected with HBV, and in 3/8 (37.5%), there was more than one case of infection by this mechanism per patient, totaling 13 children with the disease. Conclusion: There was a reduction in vertical transmission, showing that preventive measures were effective.

scholarly journals Comparative study of DIPSI and WHO 2018 criteria for diagnosis of GDM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Biloni Shrestha ◽  
L Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is an important public health problem. Prevalence has shown an increasing trend and varies based on diagnostic criteria used and the ethnic group studied. It is more common in Asia. Presently, there is no international consensus on the screening and diagnostic criteria for GDM. The Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) guidelines recommend the non-fasting 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as a single-step screening and diagnostic test for GDM, is simple, easy and more feasible. The objective of this study was to compare whether the DIPSI criteria is equally sensitive to WHO 2018 criteria. This was a hospital based cross-sectional study done at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Among 425 cases, 25 (5.88%) were diagnosed GDM, 6 (1.41%) were diagnosed only by DIPSI, 5 (1.18) only by WHO 2018 and 14 (3.29%) by both methods. The study showed that the sensitivity of DIPSI was 73.68% and specificity was 98.52%. The agreement between the DIPSI and WHO 2018 criteria ranged from 60% to 80% (Kappa value = 0.68). This study proves that DIPSI criteria is comparable to WHO 2018 criteria and can be adopted in our institution for the diagnosis of GDM as it is more feasible, easy and less expensive.

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