scholarly journals Assessing growth parameters of children with congenital hypothyroidism subject to levothyroxine treatment compared to normal growth parameters in healthy newborns

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Panahandeh ◽  
Forouzan Ganji ◽  
Abolfazl Khoshdel ◽  
Mohammad Reza Malek Ahmadi ◽  
Mostafa Ahmadi Milasi
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Screening Programs

Background and aims: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common treatable physical growth disorders leading to mental retardation. Most cases of this disease can be detected through the neonatal screening program. Given the high prevalence of this disease and the implementation of screening programs in recent years in Iran, this study aimed to assess the growth indices of newborns with CH. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 66 newborns with CH detected in the screening program in Shahrekord were selected by a census sampling method. Overall, 125 healthy newborns were also selected as controls by the convenience sampling technique according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The height, weight, head circumference, and body mass index (BMI) of the samples were measured and then the mean, median, standard deviation, as well as the 3rd, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, and 97th percentiles in the two groups were determined and compared based on gender and age group. Results: The height, weight, head circumference, and BMI of the boys, in addition to the head circumference and BMI of the girls, were not significantly different from those of the controls (P>0.05). However, the height and weight of the girls were significantly lower compared to those in the control group, although the difference in the weight was corrected at the age of 9 months. Conclusion: In general, the growth indices of newborns with CH were lower than those of the controls. This difference was significant only for the weight and height of girls with CH.

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Pertumbuhan Bayi dengan Baby Massage and Spa

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Yusari Asih ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Mirah WS
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><span>Baby Massage and Spa was a traditional effort that uses a holistic approach through comprehensive care using a combination of massage and water therapy methods that are carried out in an integrated manner to balance the body, mind, and feelings. Age 3-6 months is the right time for babies to do massage and spa. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of baby massage and spa on the growth of infants aged 3-5 months in Pringsewu District in 2018. This study uses a quasi-experimental approach with research design pre and post-test with control group design. The purposive sampling technique was taken with a sample of 30 infants as the intervention group and 30 infants as the control group. Data were processed using computerization and analyzed using the T-Test. The results showed that there were significant differences between body weight, body length and baby head circumference in the pre and post-treatment. There was no significant difference in the average increase in infant weight between babies who were carried out by baby massage and spa with babies who were not carried out by baby massage and spa with p-value 0.116. There is a significant difference in the baby's body length and head circumference performed by baby massage and spa with those not carried out by baby massage and spa with p-value 0.000. Baby Massage and Spa has a significant effect on increasing the growth of babies aged 3-5 months.</span></p><p><span> </span></p>

scholarly journals Pattern of Growth Retardation and Sexual Maturation in Children having Beta Thalassaemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Singh Chhabra ◽  
Manmeet Kaur Sodhi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thalassaemia Major ◽  
Child Care Centre ◽  
Human Haemoglobin

Introduction: Thalassaemia is a group of genetic disorders of blood, characterized by decreased synthesis of one of two types of poly peptide chain (α or ß) that form a normal adult human haemoglobin molecule (Hb A- α2 ß2). This results in decreased filling of red cell with haemoglobin and anaemia. Retardation of growth and delayed sexual maturation can occur as a complication of thalassaemia. The objectives of this study were to study the pattern of growth failure and sexual maturity rate (SMR) in children with β-thalassaemia major, and to compare it with controls.Material and Methods: In this case-control study conducted simultaneously at two centres at Bebe Nanki Mother And Child Care Centre, Amritsar and Sri Guru Ram Das Charitable hospital, Amritsar, the growth parameters (height,weight and sexual maturation ) and serum ferritin levels of a total of 114 patients aged 8-16 years (64 males and 50 females) with β-thalassaemia major were compared with those of 100 healthy controls of the same age and gender.Results: Underweight was observed in 89(78.1%) of patient group and 9(9%) of control group. Short stature was observed in 64(56.1%) patients and 7(7%) of the control group. The mean age of menarche for female thalassaemia patients was 12.11±2.1 years and for control females was 11.42±1.11years, The SMR were delayed in 108(95%) of patients and in 6 (6%) of controls. The level of serum ferritin was found to be significantly associated with delayed SMR in thalassaemia patients.Conclusion: Growth failure and delayed SMR significantly occur in thalassaemia patients, when compared to the controls. Adequate chelation therapy can help in controlling serum ferritin levels and thereby facilitating normal physical growth and sexual development in chronically transfused thalassaemia patients.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(1):56-60

scholarly journals Effects of a Dementia Screening Program on Healthcare Utilization in South Korea: A Difference-In-Difference Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Jung Lee ◽  
Hyun-Ju Seo ◽  
Dong Young Lee ◽  
So-Hyun Moon
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Difference Analysis ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Dementia Screening ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Prescription Rates

To determine whether Seoul’s dementia screening program increased the rate of diagnosis and the appropriate use of healthcare services for people with dementia, a retrospective data analysis was conducted based on administrative data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Two cohorts were constructed to represent the year before Seoul’s dementia screening program began (2007) (control group) and the year after the implementation of the program (2009) (treatment group). A difference-in-difference analysis was used to compare the diagnosis rates, number of clinic visits, and dementia-related drug prescription rates for 4 districts that implemented dementia screening programs between 2007 and 2009 and 14 areas that did not. After the introduction of the program, there was a 55.4% increase in physician-diagnosed dementia. The “average drug cost per patient” increased by 52.2% (Exp(β) = 1.522, p = 0.0264), the “average outpatient visits per patient” tended to increase by 13.5% (Exp(β) = 1.135, p = 0.1852), and the “average outpatient treatment fees per visit per patient” tended to increase by 24.4% (Exp(β) = 1.244, p = 0.0821). The implementation of dementia screening programs led to an increase in healthcare service utilization. Therefore, this program was found to be an effective strategy for reducing undiagnosed dementia cases and encouraging patients to use adequate healthcare services.

scholarly journals Universal Implementation of Newborn Screening in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mookken
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Successful Program ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Newborn screening is a successful program in many developed countries. In India, the benefits of dried blood spot screening have been recognized and that screening is slowly gaining traction. There are significant issues standing in the way of universal implementation of a newborn screening program in India: awareness, cost, advocacy, public policy, and politics. Three regional screening programs, Chandigarh, Goa, and Kerala could serve as models for other programs in India. The data for this commentary were based on personal experiences from managing public newborn screening programs, searches on PubMed and Google, and personal interactions with experts in the field. The overwhelming recommendation is to universally screen for congenital hypothyroidism in India, because it is easy and inexpensive to treat, with excellent outcomes. It would also be beneficial to consider screening universally for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency due to its high incidence and ease of treatment. Finally, sickle cell disease should be screened in those areas in India where it is prevalent due to the costs associated with universal screening. Achieving universal screening is a challenge, and it is very difficult to predict when every baby born in India will be screened for at least congenital hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Growth and Specialized Growth Charts of Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism Detected by Neonatal Screening in Isfahan, Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Mahin Hashemipour ◽  
Silva Hovsepian ◽  
Zeynab Amirkhani ◽  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Charts ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Growth Development

Objectives. The aim of the current study was to investigate the growth status of CH, generate specialized growth charts of CH infants, and compare them with their counterparts of regional normal infants. Methods. In this prospective cohort study, 760 (345 girls and 415 boys) neonates born in 2002–2009 diagnosed by neonatal CH screening program in Isfahan were followed up from the time of diagnosis. 552 healthy children were recruited as a control group. The empirical 3rd, 15th, 50th, 85th, and 97th percentiles for height, weight, and head circumference of both sexes were determined and compared with their counterpart values of the control group. The relative frequency of patients with impaired growth for each studied variable was determined. Also, specialized growth charts of CH patients were generated. Results. The percentiles of weight, height, and head circumference of studied patients are significantly different from regional healthy children (P<0.001). The relative frequency of impaired head circumference was decreased to less than 3% at the 3rd year of age and for height it reached gradually 3% and 9% at the 5th year of age for boys and girls, respectively (P<0.05); however for weight still it was statistically more than 3% in both sexes. Conclusion. CH patients had impaired growth development which was improved during follow up, but the catch-up time was earlier for head circumference and later for weight.

scholarly journals Higher frequency of Congenital Hypothyroidism among Newborns, District Dera Ghazi Khan-Punjab, Pakistan: A case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rehman Khokhar ◽  
Abdul Majeed Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Tsh Levels

Objectives: The study objective was to establish serum TSH cut off value for diagnosis of new case of congenital hypothyroidism and to estimate frequency of Congenital Neonatal Hypothyroidism. Methods: A case control study was conducted at DHQ Teaching Hospital of DG Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan during 2020 to establish reference values of TSH and T4 for study population. Sample size was calculated by classical sample size calculation formula Cochran WG 1977 sampling technique. A group of 30 neonates of normal, healthy, euthyroid mothers was taken as Neonatal Control Group to estimate levels of TSH and total T4 in normal neonates. Neonatal Study Group was neonates of hypothyroid mothers (n=75). Simple random sampling technique was applied. Results: Mean (mean ± SD) Serum TSH levels of Neonatal Control Group were found to be 3.58 ± 03.09 mIU/l. Mean Serum TSH levels among Neonatal Study Group were found to be 6.88 ±12.95 mIU/l and serum total T4 were found to be 16.78 ± 6.96ug/dl on 3-7 days of life. Serum total T4 (mean ± SD) levels of Neonatal Control Group were 9.73 ± 03.39 ug/dl. Neonatal serum TSH more than 15mIU/l was taken as cut off value to diagnose a case of CNH. So, frequency of CNH was 8% among neonates of study group. Conclusions: The TSH cut off value of >15mIU/l was established for case detection of CNH. Our findings of CNH in district Dera Ghazi Khan (8%) are the highest frequency of CNH reported so far in Pakistan. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4086 How to cite this:Khokhar AR, Cheema AM. Higher frequency of Congenital Hypothyroidism among Newborns, District Dera Ghazi Khan-Punjab, Pakistan: A case control study. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4086 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Pilot Neonatal Screening Program for Central Congenital Hypothyroidism: Evidence of Significant Detection

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Braslavsky ◽  
Maria Virginia Méndez ◽  
Laura Prieto ◽  
Ana Keselman ◽  
Rosa Enacan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Neonatal Screening Program ◽  
Congenital Hypopituitarism

Background/Aim: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a heterogeneous entity. Neonatal screening programs based on thyrotropin (TSH) determination allow primary CH diagnosis but miss central CH (CCH). CCH causes morbidity, alerts to other pituitary deficiencies, and is more prevalent than previously thought. We aimed at developing a pilot neonatal screening program for CCH detection. Patients and Methods: A prospective 2-year pilot neonatal screening study based on simultaneous dried blood specimen TSH and thyroxine (T4) measurements was implemented in term newborns aged 2–7 days. Those with T4 ≤4.5 µg/dL (–2.3 SDS) and TSH <10 mIU/L were recalled (suspicious of CCH) and underwent clinical and biochemical assessment performed by expert pediatric endocrinologists. Results: A total of 67,719 newborns were screened. Primary CH was confirmed in 24 (1: 2,821). Forty-four newborns with potential CCH were recalled (recall rate 0.07%) at a mean age of 12.6 ± 4.8 days. In this group, permanent CCH was confirmed in 3 (1: 22,573), starting L-T4 treatment at a mean age of 12.3 ± 6.6 days; 14 boys showed T4-binding globulin deficiency (1: 4,837); 24 had transient hypothyroxinemia (21 non-thyroidal illness and 3 healthy); and 3 died before the confirmation stage. According to initial free T4 measurements, CCH patients had moderate hypothyroidism. Conclusions: Adding T4 to TSH measurements enabled the identification of CCH as a prevalent condition and contributed to improving the care of newborns with congenital hypopituitarism and recognizing other thyroidal disorders.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Missed Cases of Phenylketonuria and Congenital Hypothyroidism

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-558
Author(s):  
Candy Holtzman ◽  
William E. Slazyk ◽  
José F. Cordero ◽  
W. Harry Hannon
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
True Number ◽  
Laboratory Procedures

We conducted a structured telephone survey of state public health laboratory directors of neonatal screening programs to determine the extent of the problem of missed cases of phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism. A total of 76 missed cases were reported—43 PKU and 33 congenital hypothyroidism. We looked at the following characteristics of the missed cases: the stage at which the miss occurred, which included specimen collection, laboratory procedures, or follow-up; the size of the program; the type of screening program; the age of the infant at the time of screening; and any legal action that resulted from the miss. The 76 missed cases probably represent an underascertainment of the true number, yet we believe that our data provide an overview of some of the problems associated with mass neonatal screening. There was one missed case of PKU for every 70 cases detected, and one missed case of congenital hypothyroidism for every 120 cases detected; in other words, two congenital hypothyroidism cases were missed for every 1 million infants screened. Regarding the stage of screening in which the miss occurred, 14% occurred during specimen collection, 45% during the laboratory procedures stage, 16% during follow-up, 11% were the result of biologic variation, and in 14% the stage could not be identified. We conclude that neonatal screening programs have been highly successful but that there may be additional safeguards to be developed, tested, and implemented when practical.

Antenatal Phenobarbital Therapy and Neonatal Outcome II: Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 36 Months

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-652
Author(s):  
Seetha Shankaran ◽  
Eunice Woldt ◽  
Jay Nelson ◽  
Mary Bedard ◽  
Virginia Delaney-Black
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Multiple Gestations ◽  
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Pb Exposure

Objective. To evaluate the effect of antenatal phenobarbital (PB) therapy on neurodevelopmental outcome at 36 months. Design. Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Setting. Single-institution study. Subject and Interventions. Children born to women who participated in the study evaluating the effect of antenatal phenobarbital (PB) on neonatal intracranial hemorrhage were prospectively followed to 3 years of age. Outcome Measures. Physical growth, neurologic examinations, and developmental testing (McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities). Comparisons between groups were made on all children and those born to multiple gestations. Results. Forty-one children born to women who received 10 mg/kg PB before delivery and 55 children in the control group were evaluated. Three children, all in the control group, had growth parameters (height, weight, and head circumference) below the fifth percentile. The McCarthy General Cognitive Index (standard, 100 ± 16) was 93 ± 20 in the PB group and 85 ± 18 in the control group. The subscores tended to be higher in the PB group than in the control group, with higher quantitative scores in the PB group (44 ± 11 vs 39 ± 8). Neurologic deficits were noted in 2 of 41 in the PB group and in 6 of 55 in the control group. Conclusions. Infants born to women who received antenatal PB therapy had similar neurodevelopmental outcomes as infants born to women who did not receive PB. No adverse effects of PB exposure were detected.

scholarly journals A Newborn Falsely Suspected of Congenital Hypothyroidism due to Mutated Thyroxine-Binding Globulin with Low Binding Affinity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rutger C.C. Hengeveld ◽  
Monique Albersen ◽  
Michael A.H. Hadders ◽  
Ilse Hellinga ◽  
Hennie Bikker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Central Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Dna Sequencing Analysis

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Neonatal screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) have been implemented worldwide to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. The Dutch neonatal CH screening is primarily based on the measurement of thyroxine (T4). When T4 is low, an additional thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) measurement is performed to reduce the number of false-positive screening results due to harmless TBG deficiency. Here, we present a case of a rare functional TBG deficiency leading to a false suspicion of CH. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> Neonatal screening in this patient revealed a decreased T4, normal TSH, and normal TBG concentration, suggesting central CH. However, free T4 was normal. DNA sequencing analysis revealed a novel, hemizygous mutation (c.139G&#x3e;A) in <i>SERPINA7</i>, the gene encoding TBG, resulting in the substitution of the conserved amino acid alanine to threonine at position 27. Crystal structure analyses showed that this substitution has a detrimental effect on binding of T4 to TBG. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The novel <i>SERPINA7</i> variant in this patient led to a false suspicion of central hypothyroidism in the Dutch T4-based neonatal screening program. It is important to recognize patients with such TBG defects to prevent unnecessary additional testing and treatment.

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