scholarly journals Prediction and risk evaluation of chalk cliff collapse: the PROTECT project

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Stig A. Schack Pedersen ◽  
Ingelise Møller
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rock Falls ◽  
Security Regulations ◽  
Practical Implications

A major cliff collapse took place at Store Stejlebjerg in the southern part of Møns Klint on 5 July 2003 (Fig. 1). This cliff collapse was one in a number of rock falls that has affected Møns Klint with a frequency of about one per five years. Geological investigations of the rock fall at Store Stejlebjerg were carried out by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) after the Danish Forest and Nature Agency had asked for advice and help concerning security regulations for public access to the site. GEUS was prepared for this type of investigation due to the Survey’s engagement in the European Union project PROTECT, which aims at prediction of chalk cliff collapses. In this project a number of sites in northern Europe have been selected for detailed investigation, among which two are situated at Møns Klint, southeast Denmark (Fig. 1). This report provides a short description of the 2003 cliff collapse at Møns Klint and a brief description of the PROTECT project and its practical implications for cliff collapse evaluation.

scholarly journals Nothern European Lessons for Eurasian Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
L. S. Voronkov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Eu

The paper is dedicated to the differences between the classical instruments for regulating interstate political and trade-economic relations from those used in the development of regional integration processes. Traditionally, the Eurasian Economic Union is compared with the European Union, considering the EU as a close example to follow in the development of integration processes. At the same time, there exist the other models of integration. The author proposes to pay attention to the other models of integration and based on the analysis of documents, reveals the experience of Northern Europe, which demonstrates effective cooperation without infringing on the sovereignty of the participants. The author examines the features of the integration experience of the Nordic countries in relation to the possibility of using its elements in the modern integration practice of the Eurasian Economic Union.

ICTs, Public Access to Documents, and Transparency in the European Union

2014 ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Marios Papandreou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Access ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Access To Documents

This chapter examines the relationship between Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and transparency in the public sphere. The link between the two is rather easy to conceive: ICTs facilitate flow and management of information, which is crucial to achieve openness and accountability and advance public debate. In this chapter, the issue is examined in the context of the European Union (EU), from the point of view of public access to documents and the role of the European Ombudsman (EO). The author presents the applicable legislative framework and discusses the role of the EO in facilitating and promoting public access to documents, with emphasis on the EO's mandate, the procedure followed, and its possible outcomes. The last part of the chapter examines the decision of the EO on a recent case concerning public access to documents of interest to a wide public, whereby it is illustrated that ICTs, by facilitating access to documents and information, advance openness, transparency, good governance, and accountability.

scholarly journals Analysis of the company's operating costs on the example of a transport company

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-314
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kowalski ◽  
Agnieszka Zwolenik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Percentage Share ◽  
A Company ◽  
Generic System

The article analyzes the costs of a company dealing in the transport of goods within the European Union. A short description of the company was made and the percentage share of costs of the generic system and general costs was compared. A comparative analysis was con-ducted for the six-year period of the company's activity. Data from the period 2012-2017 were adopted for the analysis of costs.

How Politics Shape Views Toward Fact-Checking: Evidence from Six European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Lyons ◽  
Vittorio Mérola ◽  
Jason Reifler ◽  
Florian Stoeckel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Asymmetry In Attitudes

Fact-checking has spread internationally, in part to confront the rise of digital disinformation campaigns. American studies suggests ideological asymmetry in attitudes toward fact-checking, as well as greater acceptance of the practice among those more interested in and knowledgeable about politics. We examine attitudes toward fact-checking across six European counties to put these findings in a broader context ( N = 6,067). We find greater familiarity with and acceptance of fact-checking in Northern Europe (Sweden and Germany) than elsewhere (Italy, Spain, France, and Poland). We further find two dimensions of political antipathy: a left–right dimension and an “anti-elite” dimension (including dissatisfaction with democracy and negative feelings toward the European Union), the latter of which more consistently predicts negative feelings toward fact-checkers in the countries examined. Our findings demonstrate that despite general acceptance of the movement, significant political divides remain. Those less likely to trust fact-checkers could be more vulnerable to disinformation targeting these divides, leading to a spiral of cynicism.

Healthcare Ethics in Finland

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
TUIJA TAKALA ◽  
PEKKA LOUHIALA
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Services ◽  
European Monetary Union ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Healthcare Ethics ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Local Municipalities

Finland is a country in Northern Europe with a population of approximately 5.1 million people. It lies between Sweden and Russia and has a border with Norway too. It is part of the European Union and also belongs to the European Monetary Union. It is a welfare state in the sense that healthcare services, schools, universities, and social services are for the most part paid for by tax-based funding. In terms of basic healthcare, the state, through local municipalities, provides comprehensive coverage to all residents, and this is utilized by both the wealthy and the poor.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination Strategy in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
M. Pfeiffer-Ruiz ◽  
V. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Demand

Vaccines are needed to reduce mortality and economic damage caused by COVID-19. To date there are three approved vaccines in the European Union created by BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca, but due to the high demand globally there are still shortages, forcing governments to create strategies to immunize their population prioritizing their citizens according to their risk evaluation and their systemic relevance. This review specifies on the German vaccination strategy

scholarly journals Judicial review and the protection of privacy rights in dawn raids

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Nima Lorjé ◽  
Ariela Stoffer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
Practical Implications

Commission inspections pursuant to Article 20(4) of Regulation 1/2003 (i.e. dawn raids) interfere with the privacy rights of companies and individuals. This interference is disproportionate when it is not consistent with the requirements laid down in Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and Article 8 of the European Convention for Human Rights. In its recent judgments in the French Supermarkets cases, the General Court partially annulled four Commission inspection decisions for constituting an arbitrary and unjustified interference with the privacy rights of the inspected companies. The General Court found that the Commission had initiated inspections without having sufficiently serious evidence in its possession. This article examines this finding of the General Court and its practical implications for the protection of companies’ privacy rights in the context of dawn raids. In addition, this article examines possible remedies for challenging the seizure and copying of documents containing personal information of raided companies’ staff during a dawn raid.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Belgium

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Baig ◽  
Veronique Delvenne
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
European Commission ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Founding Member ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth

The Kingdom of Belgium is a high-income country in northern Europe with an approximate area of 33 000 km2 and a population of 10.5 million. The proportion of the population under the age of 15 years is 17% and the proportion of the population above the age of 60 years is 22%. Life expectancy at birth is 75.2 years for males and 81.5 years for females. As a founding member of what is now the European Union, it hosts the headquarters of the European Commission and the European Parliament, as well as other major organisations, including NATO.

scholarly journals Transformation of Digital Legal Deposit in Terms of Legislation and Public Access

Knygotyra ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 136-153
Author(s):  
Georgi Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
New Media ◽  
Public Access ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Online Publishing ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Access Regulation ◽  
Electronic Content ◽  
National Libraries ◽  
Geographical Scope

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The age of digitization is marked by a huge quantity and variety of electronic content distributed on the Internet. Building national collections of deposited electronic publications is a challenge related to the preservation of the global cultural heritage. The purpose of the article is to examine the ongoing transformation of the digital legal deposit with a focus on the legislative and public access regulation. The geographical scope of the research covers the countries from the European Union in the time span of the last two decades. Three stages of digital legal deposit implementation are identified: legislative regulation, technological infrastructure and practical procedures. The article presents the adaptation of deposit laws to the new media environment marked by fast growing online publishing. The study identifies the features of controlled e-reading as the main access tool in the deposit institutions and classifies them into two types: restriction related and usability related. The major challenges to a further digital legal deposit development are specified as legislative, technological, financial, and social. Examples of public access regulation in several European national libraries are observed with emphasis on the most advanced practices. Based on the main findings, the article formulates the forecast for less restrictions and better cooperation within the European Union concerning the regulation of public access to digital deposit collections.

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