scholarly journals Acrylic Acid (AA) Based Polyaniline Composite for Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Sensors

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-148
Author(s):  
Muktikanta Panigrahi ◽  
◽  
Basudam Adhikari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Dc Conductivity ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Aniline Monomer ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Amino Propionic Acid

N-substituted PANI-ES was obtained from N-phenyl-β-alanine (N-substituted aniline). N-phenyl-β-alanine was synthesized chemically from methyl acrylate and aniline precursor. ESI-MS, H1NMR spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy are employed to characterise the N-phenyl-β-alanine for structure elucidation. The structure and properties of corresponding polymers were investigated by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, UV-Visible, H1NMR, FESEM, solubility, and DC conductivity. On the basis of experimental results of prepared N-substituted aniline monomer and its corresponding polymer is proposed. At room temperature, the average DC conductivity of as-prepared PANI polymers was found in semiconducting range, which is 0.153 S/cm for poly (3-methyl (phenyl amino) propionic acid. We also were analysed temperature dependent DC conductivity with and without magnetic field of as prepared PANI polymers to understand the conduction mechanism and it was followed variable-range hopping (VRH) process. In addition, we were discussed the response of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with polyaniline based sensor materials.

Spectroscopic and Electrical Studies of Ferrous Sulphate Doped Polyaniline

2012 ◽  
Vol 585 ◽  
pp. 224-227
Author(s):  
Anand Kumar ◽  
Ali Vazid ◽  
Sushil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Dc Conductivity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Visible

Polyaniline (PANI) has been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization technique with potassium dichromate oxidant in aqueous hydrochloric acid medium. After polymerization, the polymer so prepared is doped with ferrous sulphate, a transition metal salt, with tetrahydrofuran and water as solvents. The undoped/doped samples were characterized by various techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and dc conductivity measurements. UV-visible absorption studies revealed the presence of cation/polaron transitions and the presence of direct optical transitions. FTIR studies provide information regarding structural changes in the backbone of PANI with doping concentration. X-ray diffraction patterns of powdered polymer composites showed amorphous nature as mostly conducting polymers exhibit. The dc conductivity of PANI-ferrous sulphate composites were measured by two probe method in pellet form at room temperature (300 K) and found to increase with temperature showing the semiconductor behavior of synthesized polymer composites

scholarly journals New Haloterpenes from the Marine Red Alga Laurencia papillosa: Structure Elucidation and Biological Activity

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Mohamed Shaaban ◽  
Ghada S. E. Abou-El-Wafa ◽  
Christopher Golz ◽  
Hartmut Laatsch
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Terpene Derivatives

Analysis of the air-dried marine red alga Laurencia papillosa, collected near Ras-Bakr at the Suez gulf (Red Sea) in Egypt delivered five new halogenated terpene derivatives: aplysiolic acid (1), 7-acetyl-aplysiol (2), aplysiol-7-one (3), 11,14-dihydroaplysia-5,11,14,15-tetrol (5a), and a new maneonene derivative 6, named 5-epi-maneolactone. The chemical structures of these metabolites were characterized employing spectroscopic methods, and the relative and absolute configurations were determined by comparison of experimental and ab initio-calculated NMR, NOE, ECD, and ORD data, and by X-ray diffraction of 2 and 6. The antimicrobial activities of the crude extract and compounds 1–3, 5a and 6 were studied.

scholarly journals One-step synthesis of nitrogen-grafted copper-gallic acid for enhanced methylene blue removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shella Permatasari Santoso ◽  
Vania Bundjaja ◽  
Artik Elisa Angkawijaya ◽  
Chintya Gunarto ◽  
Alchris Woo Go ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
One Step ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Higher Temperature

AbstractNitrogen-grafting through the addition of glycine (Gly) was performed on a metal- phenolic network (MPN) of copper (Cu2+) and gallic acid (GA) to increase its adsorption capacity. Herein, we reported a one-step synthesis method of MPN, which was developed according to the metal–ligand complexation principle. The nitrogen grafted CuGA (Ng-CuGA) MPN was obtained by reacting Cu2+, GA, and Gly in an aqueous solution at a molar ratio of 1:1:1 and a pH of 8. Several physicochemical measurements, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), were done on Ng-CuGA to elucidate its characteristics. The analysis revealed that the Ng-CuGA has non-uniform spherical shaped morphology with a pore volume of 0.56 cc/g, a pore size of 23.25 nm, and thermal stability up to 205 °C. The applicational potential of the Ng-CuGA was determined based on its adsorption capacity against methylene blue (MB). The Ng-CuGA was able to adsorb 190.81 mg MB per g adsorbent at a pH of 6 and temperature of 30 °C, which is 1.53 times higher than the non-grafted CuGA. Detailed assessment of Ng-CuGA adsorption properties revealed their pH- and temperature-dependent nature. The adsorption capacity and affinity were found to decrease at a higher temperature, demonstrating the exothermic adsorption behavior.

Magnetic nanostructured lipid carrier for dual triggered curcumin delivery: Preparation, characterization and toxicity evaluation on isolated rat liver mitochondria

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822110346
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yoozbashi ◽  
Hamid Rashidzadeh ◽  
Mehraneh Kermanian ◽  
Somayeh Sadighian ◽  
Mir-Jamal Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
Mitochondrial Toxicity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Transmission Electron

In this research, magnetic nanostructured lipid carriers (Mag-NLCs) were synthesized for curcumin (CUR) delivery. NLCs are drug-delivery systems prepared by mixing solid and liquid (oil) lipids. For preparation of NLCs, cetylpalmitate was selected as solid lipid and fish oil as liquid lipid. CUR-Mag-NLCs were prepared using high-pressure homogenization technique and were characterized by methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The CUR-Mag-NLCs were developed as a particle with a size of 140 ± 3.6 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.196, and a zeta potential of −22.6 mV. VSM analysis showed that the CUR-Mag-NLCs have excellent magnetic properties. Release rate of the drug was higher at 42 °C than 37 °C, indicating that release of the synthesized nanoparticles is temperature-dependent. Evaluation of mitochondrial toxicity was done using the isolated rats liver mitochondria including glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the ferric- reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays to study biosafety of the CUR-Mag-NLCs. Results of In vitro study on the isolated mitochondria revealed that both CUR-Mag-NLCs and curcumin have no specific mitochondrial toxicity.

On the nature of the phase transitions of aluminosilicate perrhenate sodalite

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 213-223
Author(s):  
Hilke Petersen ◽  
Lars Robben ◽  
Thorsten M. Gesing
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Heat Capacity Measurements

AbstractThe temperature-dependent structure-property relationships of the aluminosilicate perrhenate sodalite |Na8(ReO4)2|[AlSiO4]6 (ReO4-SOD) were analysed via powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy and heat capacity measurements. ReO4-SOD shows two phase transitions in the investigated temperature range (13 K < T < 1480 K). The first one at 218.6(1) K is correlated to the transition of dynamically ordered $P\overline{4}3n$ (> 218.6(1 K) to a statically disordered (<218.6(1) K) SOD template in $P\overline{4}3n$. The loss of the dynamics of the template anion during cooling causes an increase of disorder, indicated by an unusual intensity decrease of the 011-reflection and an increase of the Re-O2 bond length with decreasing temperature. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy shows a distortion of the ReO4 anion. Upon heating the thermal expansion of the sodalite cage originated in the tilt-mechanism causes the second phase transition at 442(1) K resulting in a symmetry-increase from $P\overline{4}3n$ to $Pm\overline{3}n$, the structure with the sodalites full framework expansion. Noteworthy is the high decomposition temperature of 1320(10) K.

scholarly journals Modeling of magneto-conductivity of bismuth selenide: a topological insulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Rabia Sultana ◽  
Prince Sharma ◽  
V. P. S. Awana
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Field Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractWe report the magneto-conductivity analysis of Bi2Se3 single crystal at different temperatures in a magnetic field range of ± 14 T. The single crystals are grown by the self-flux method and characterized through X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy. The single crystals show magnetoresistance (MR%) of around 380% at a magnetic field of 14 T and a temperature of 5 K. The Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka (HLN) equation has been used to fit the magneto-conductivity (MC) data. However, the HLN fitted curve deviates at higher magnetic fields above 1 T, suggesting that the role of surface-driven conductivity suppresses with an increasing magnetic field. This article proposes a speculative model comprising of surface-driven HLN and added quantum diffusive and bulk carriers-driven classical terms. The model successfully explains the MC of the Bi2Se3 single crystal at various temperatures (5–200 K) and applied magnetic fields (up to 14 T).

Temperature-induced structural phase transitions in RERhSn (RE = Y, Gd-Tm, Lu)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Engelbert ◽  
Rolf-Dieter Hoffmann ◽  
Jutta Kösters ◽  
Steffen Klenner ◽  
Rainer Pöttgen
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Structural Phase Transitions ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
X Ray

Abstract The structures of the equiatomic stannides RERhSn with the smaller rare earth elements Y, Gd-Tm and Lu were reinvestigated on the basis of temperature-dependent single crystal X-ray diffraction data. GdRhSn crystallizes with the aristotype ZrNiAl at 293 and 90 K. For RE = Y, Tb, Ho and Er the HP-CeRuSn type (approximant with space group R3m) is already formed at room temperature, while DyRhSn adopts the HP-CeRuSn type below 280 K. TmRhSn and LuRhSn show incommensurate modulated variants with superspace groups P31m(1/3; 1/3; γ) 000 (No. 157.1.23.1) (γ = 3/8 for TmRhSn and γ = 2/5 for LuRhSn). The driving force for superstructure formation (modulation) is a strengthening of Rh–Sn bonding. The modulation is expressed in a 119Sn Mössbauer spectrum of DyRhSn at 78 K through line broadening.

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