scholarly journals The Evolution of Sino-Australian Relations in 2013-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Sówka
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

In the early days of Xi Jinping's rule, Sino-Australian cooperation was successful and benefiting both sides. Establishing a “strategic partnership” and the conclusion of a free trade agreement made it possible to deepen the relationship. In addition to developing economic relations, states actively collaborated on the social and cultural levels. China's growing power has brought new challenges. The increase in spending on armaments and the modernization of the army contributed to the increased military presence of the PRC in the region and the exacerbation of disputes in the South China Sea and the East China Sea, raising tensions in the region. The growing influence of the People's Republic of China in Australia has caused concern for the government, which has started to limit it. Beijing has been critical of Australian law to reduce foreign interference. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Sino-Australian relations in 2013-2018.

Autocracy and the Factory Order In Early Russian Industrialization

1960 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaston V. Rimlinger
Keyword(s):  
Labor Policy ◽  
General Character ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Internal Factory ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

The Tsarist government played an important and fateful role in the development of the relationship between workers and employers in the early stages of Russian industrialization. Although the general character of this role is well known to historians, further study and reexamination of Tsarist labor policy, in the light of the contemporary concern with economic development, is invited by the Soviet publication in recent years of documentary evidence on nineteenth century labor problems. An attempt will be made in this article to integrate some of the new evidence with data from earlier sources in an analysis of the methods used by the Tsarist government to cope with the problem posed by internal government of industry in an era of growing labor unrest. It will focus on the period between the Emancipation and the 1905 Revolution. Russia did not become an industrial state during this period, but industry made enough progress to bring the country face to face with the modern labor problem. It was a period in which social and economic relations, rooted in feudal traditions, began to undergo significant changes in response to industrial growth. Labor unrest and protest are one of the chief symptoms of the problems inherent in this socio-economic readjustment. To understand the Tsarist approach to these problems it will be necessary to begin with a brief outline of the social milieu of Russian industrialization and of the governmental attitude toward industrial discipline and unrest before the Emancipation. The second section of the article covers the period between the Emancipation and the mideighties, during which the government did not formally regulate the internal order of the factory but was not unconcerned with the relations between employers and workers. The third section covers the period after 1886, when the internal factory order was subject to formal regulation and official inspection.

Ekspektasi Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap Terhadap Faktor Sosial dan Ekonomi Masyarakat

Tunas Agraria ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Andi Kurniawan ◽  
Setiowati Setiowati ◽  
Theresia Supriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Public Expectations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Land Titling ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The implementation of the PTSL Program by the government annually has the objective that all land parcels in Indonesia can be fully registered by 2025. One of the products of the implementation of the PTSL Program is the ownership of a land titling certificate that has social and economic impact on the community. Given the social and economic impacts of land rights certificates, the public's expectation of the PTSL Program will increase. This study aims to analyze the relationship and the influence of social and economic factors felt by the community with expectations on the implementation of PTSL in 2017. The research method used is quantitative by using a measure of Likert scale which is then analyzed based on correlation coefficient and regression so it is known that the relationship and the influence of social and economic factors with expectations of private universities. The result of this research is there is a significant correlation between social factor and economic factor with expectation to PTSL equal to 0,531 so that can be categorized as strong relation with significance value 0,000 <0,05. There is a significant influence between social factors and economic factors with expectations of PTSL of 0.298 with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05.Keywords: complete systematic land registry, public expectations, social and economic factor Intisari: Pelaksanaan Program PTSL oleh pemerintah setiap tahunnya memiliki tujuan agar seluruh bidang tanah di Indonesia dapat terdaftar seluruhnya pada tahun 2025. Salah satu produk dari pelaksanaan Program PTSL adalah kepemilikan sertipikat hak atas tanah yang memiliki dampak sosial dan ekonomi kepada masyarakat. Dengan adanya dampak sosial dan ekonomi dari sertipikat hak atas tanah maka harapan masyarakat terhadap Program PTSL akan semakin meningkat.Penelitian ini bertujuanmenganalisis hubungan dan pengaruh faktor sosial dan ekonomi yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat dengan ekspektasi terhadap pelaksanaan PTSL pada tahun 2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan alat ukur berupa skala likert yang kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan koefisien korelasi dan regresi sehingga diketahui besar hubungan dan pengaruh faktor sosial dan ekonomi dengan ekspektasi terhadap PTSL.Hasil penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor sosial dan faktor ekonomi dengan ekspektasi terhadap PTSL sebesar 0,531 sehingga dapat dikategorikan sebagai hubungan yang kuat dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara faktor sosial dan faktor ekonomi dengan ekspektasi terhadap PTSL sebesar 0,298 dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05.Kata kunci: pendaftaran tanah sistematis lengkap, ekspektasi masyarakat, faktor sosial dan ekonomi

scholarly journals An Ecological Discourse Analysis to the Chinese Slogans during the Major Economic Stages since the Foundation of PRC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dali Ning
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Policy Language ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Ecological Philosophy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Civic Practice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Slogan has a sound mass base in China for thousands of years，functioning as guidelines for civic practice. Even today, Chinese slogans are often employed by the government to promote policies and socio-cultural values. This paper, adopting an ecolinguistic approach, explores the development of Chinese slogans during the four economic stages since the foundation of PRC (People’s Republic of China) to find out how slogans influence the relationship between men, and man and the ecosystem. It is discovered that Chinese slogans in the recent decades have experienced great changes in terms of discourse type, the beneficial degree of discourse and the ecosophy they carry. They changed gradually from destructive discourse to harmonious discourse and they reflect the transition of Chinese ecological philosophy—from ‘anthropocentrism’, ‘growthism’, and ‘classism’ to ‘harmonism’. It is hoped that this study can shed light on the eco-discourse analysis to policy language and will bring insight into its future creation.

The Portuguese Republic and the People’s Republic of China: Impact and Trends of Economic Diplomacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050003
Author(s):  
Francisco B. S. José Leandro ◽  
Danilo Lemos Henriques
Keyword(s):  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

This paper will examine the interplay and relationship between bilateral diplomatic relations and economic relations through the lens of political factors, examining the concrete case of the Republic of Portugal and the People’s Republic of China. It will consider their common past — the nations’ historical similarities, their common aims and ideological differences, and analyze the alignment and the synergy developed in the modern era in developing common platforms of aims and will, in terms of political agenda-setting, such as through the issue of the status of the territory of Macao and the relationship with Portuguese-speaking countries (PSCs). It further analyzes the past few decades through the signing of diplomatic protocols, engaged bilateral and multilateral economic diplomacies, and growing commerce and trade links to identify the key trends and extrapolate relevant correlations. We examine the progresses in the relationship between the advancement of Sino-Portuguese diplomatic relations and the development of economic interplay post the 1979 period, following the formal establishment of bilateral diplomatic relations. We argue in favor of an existing positive correlation between acts of economic diplomacy and the development of bilateral economic relations. This paper presents a methodological, theoretical-inductive, and constructivist perspective, combining qualitative, quantitative, and non-participated observation.

scholarly journals Payment for Rice Growers to Reduce Using N Fertilizer in the GHG Mitigation Program Driven by the Government: Evidence from Shanghai

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1927
Author(s):  
Hai-Ying Gu ◽  
Qing-Mi Hu ◽  
Tian-Qiong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Shadow Prices ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Directional Output Distance Function ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The overuse of N fertilizer by rice growers triggers excessive greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, leading to the environmental and climatic problem. However, growers will probably suffer loss in profits if they reduce the use of N fertilizer under the existing technology condition. The payment in market-based or government-driven way may overcome the potential barrier. For the appropriate carbon trading market is absent, the government-driven program will play a role in the payment. Three key issues in the designed program are the price of the payment, the participation rate of rice growers, and the variation of items associated with the social welfare. Due to the difficulty in estimating the economic value, prices of the payment can be set according to shadow prices. This paper applies the parametric directional output distance function to derive shadow prices of CO2 for 308 rice growers in Shanghai from 2008–2015. Average shadow prices range from RMB 1130 to 3769 yuan/ton (or US 163 to 618 $/ton). Taking the year of 2015 as sample, this paper predicts the participation rate (97.08%) of rice growers with the aim of 10% N fertilizer reduction and the specific price of the payment (7.47 yuan/kg). Moreover, this paper discusses on the variation of factors linked with the social welfare, and derive two important relationships from it. In detail, the relationship between the yield of the rice and the reduction of the N fertilizer should be balanced; the relationship between the improvement on the profit of rice growers (or the participation rate) in the program and the payment by the government should also be balanced.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENTREPRENEURS: A TRADE UNION BETWEEN CHINA AND INDIA

1995 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 343-366
Author(s):  
AKPE MBAATYO ◽  
ROBERT A BERG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
China And India ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Growth Zones ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Government

With heated debate on the benefits to business, to labour, and to governments from economic union, many nations commit their people within the European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Australia and New Zealand Closer Economic Relations (CER), and other trade pacts. What if two emerging giants and neighbours, India and China, were to form an economic union? This paper undertakes a preliminary discussion of the viability of a China-India economic integration and recommends further study of the subject. Using Huang and Tu's (1994) revealed comparative advantage (RCA) as a backdrop, this paper discusses areas of possible trade creation (TC) and trade diversion (TD) that will occur should a China-India economic integration take place. The role of the government and information flow as new factors of production have been examined. After considering the history, economic growth zones, economic liberalisation programs in China and India, available resources, and regional and global trade, the paper concludes that a China-India economic integration holds the key to prosperity in the so called "Asian century". This paper suggests that such integration will be economically viable and should be studied and encouraged, both by business and government.

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND POVERTY FARMERS IN ACEH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saifuddin Yunus ◽  
Suadi Zainal ◽  
Fadli Jalil ◽  
Cut Maya Aprita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the study: This study tried to examine the correlation between social capital and the poverty level of farmers in Aceh. It was linked to the uneven agricultural development of some rural areas in Aceh had caused the poverty rates in villages are higher than in the urban areas. Hence the social capital is important as other capitals in development and become the energies for the development and decreases the rate of poverty. Methodology: This research used a quantitative method by distributing the questionnaire to 300 respondents in Aceh Tamiang, Pidie Jaya and Aceh Tengah, Indonesia. The data analyzed by using the Spearman correlation with the assistance of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences to determining the relationship between two variables; social capital and poverty in farmers. Main Findings: This study found that there is a positive and significant correlation between social capital and the level of poverty. Famers who have a higher stock of social capital are found to be lower in the poverty rate. Applications of this study: The finding of this study is useful for the government of the Aceh government to explore and strengthen farmers' social capital to empowering their economies. It would be relevant to decreasing the poverty rate according to farmers in Aceh. Novelty/Originality of this study: The case of poverty in Aceh was widely explained by the numbers of the researcher. But there is no recent publication that has explained the relationship between poverty and social capital in Aceh. Therefore a strong level of social capital will be able to significantly reduce poverty in Aceh.

scholarly journals Od demokracji bezpośredniej do rządów zgromadzenia? Rousseau i problemy republikańskiego konstytucjonalizmu

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Rafał Lis
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emergency Measure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Direct Government ◽  
The Relationship

The following article considers the problems connected with the relationship between the principles of the direct democracy and the gouvernement d’assemblée. The values contemporarily ascribed to these principles are often counted among different, sometimes even opposing, traditions of republican constitutionalism. However, the proposed analysis of Rousseau’s thought suggests that the general intellectual tendencies that are attributedto both systems might originally have had a lot in common. Furthermore, they embody the two different republican ways of implementing the very ideas of popular sovereignty and the accountability of the public authorities to the citizens. The undertaken juxtaposition of the contents of the Social Contract and of the Considerations on the Government of Poland may even point to an evolution of Rousseau’s stance. It can be discerned especiallyin the approval in the second work, which pertained to one of the largest European states of that time, as it conveys the need to shift the responsibility for law-making to the assembly of deputies (the Sejm). The proposition of transferring this responsibility to a quasi-representative body corresponds perfectly with the warnings against the abuses of an unchecked executive, which are equally stringent in the Social Contract. This actuallydenoted that Rousseau was ready to accept some sort of gouvernement d’assemblée in large states. In the end however, it did not mark a departure from the ideals of the direct government, especially after taking into consideration Rousseau’s extraordinary appreciation of the institutions of deputy directives and – treated already as an emergency measure – confederation.

scholarly journals Participação Social na Construção do PPA 2014-2017 de Ijuí/RS

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Tassia Tabille Steglich
Keyword(s):  
Social Participation ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Budget Process ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Public Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

O orçamento público é um dos instrumentos utilizados pela Administração Pública para garantir o atendimento das demandas sociais. Entretanto, para que estas demandas sejam conhecidas do Poder Público, torna-se necessária a participação da sociedade nos eventos públicos destinados à discussão para elaboração dos instrumentos orçamentários. Este artigo realiza um apanhado teórico sobre conceitos pertinentes ao tema, realizando inclusive o estudo da participação social na elaboração do PPA 2014-2017 do Município de Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul. Para enriquecer a abordagem da pesquisa, foram aplicados questionários online, buscando identificar a relação entre os cidadãos ijuienses e Administração Pública municipal. Foi possível perceber a falta de interesse dos indivíduos em relação à participação em eventos destinados a discussões públicas sobre o processo de elaboração do orçamento municipal e, neste sentido, ao final deste estudo são realizadas proposições, que poderão auxiliar na construção de uma consciência coletiva acerca da relevância da participação social na construção dos instrumentos de planejamento e orçamento.Palavras-chave: Gestão Municipal. Orçamento Público. Participação Social.AbstractPublic budget is one of the instruments used by public authorities to ensure the fulfillment of social demands. However, so that such these demands are known to the government, it is necessary the society’s participation in public events in order to dialogue about thebudget instruments preparation. This article makes a theoretical overview of relevant concepts to the topic, besides carrying out the study of social participation in the PPA 2014-2017 preparation in the City of Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul. To enrich the research approach, online questionnaires were performed in order to identify the relationship between Ijui city’s dweller citizens and public administration. It was possible to notice the lack of individuals interest regarding the= participation in events aimed at public discussions on the preparation of the municipal budget process and therefore, the end of this study makes proposals that can assist in building a collective awareness on the social participation relevance in the construction of planning and budget tools.Keywords: Municipal Management. Public Budget. Social Participation.

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