FREQUENCY OF ALBUMINURIA IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASES

2021 ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
Е.В. Болотова ◽  
А.В. Дудникова ◽  
А.О. Чулкова
Keyword(s):  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Disease Phenotypes ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Persistent Bronchial Asthma

Цель исследования - изучение частоты и особенностей альбуминурии у пациентов с хроническими бронхообструктивными заболеваниями легких. В проспективном исследовании приняли участие 219 пациентов с ХОБЛ (GOLD 1-4) и 201 пациент с персистирующей бронхиальной астмой (БА) различной степени тяжести, проходивших обследование в 2018-2019 гг. Контрольную группу составили 48 добровольцев, сопоставимых по возрасту и полу. Помимо общеклинических исследований, всем пациентам производили расчет ИМТ и диагностику висцерального ожирения на основе соотношения объем талии/объем бедер (ОТ/ОБ), расчет индекса курящего человека (ИКЧ). Альбуминурию (АУ) определяли на основе расчета альбумин/креатининового соотношения в разовой утренней порции мочи. Частота оптимальной/незначительно повышенной АУ (А1) составила 28,7% (63) у больных ХОБЛ и 9% (18) - у больных БА. Количество больных ХОБЛ с клинически значимой АУ (А2, А3) составило 24,2% (53) пациентов, что статистически значимо выше, чем у больных БА (5,5% пациентов; χ=22,3, p=0,01). Факторами, вносящими статистически значимый вклад в развитие АУ у пациентов с ХОБЛ, явились частота обострений за предшествующие 12 мес, ИКЧ, уровень фибриногена и С-РБ, объём форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду (ОФВ); у больных БА - ОТ/ОБ, ИКЧ. У больных бронхообструктивными заболеваниями неоспорим вклад курения в развитие и потенцирование почечной дисфункции. Остается спорным вопрос рассмотрения БА как фактора риска почечной дисфункции, учитывая многоликость БА как по фенотипам заболевания, так и по тяжести течения и разнообразию терапевтических подходов. The aim of the study was to study the frequency and features of albuminuria in patients with chronic bronchoobstructive lung diseases. The prospective study involved 219 patients with COPD (GOLD 1-4) and 201 patients with persistent bronchial asthma (BA) of varying severity, who were examined in 2018-2019. The control group consisted of 48 volunteers, comparable in age and gender. In addition to General clinical studies, all patients were calculated BMI and visceral obesity detection based on the waist-hip ratio (WHR), and the Smoking index (HCI) was calculated. Albuminuria was determined based on the calculation of the albumin / creatinine ratio in a single morning portion of urine. The frequency of optimal / slightly elevated AU (A1) was 28,7% (63) among COPD patients and 9% (18) of BA patients. The number of COPD patients with clinically significant AU (A2, A3) was 24,2% (53) of patients, which is statistically significantly higher than among BA patients (5,5% of patients; χ=22,3, p=0,01). The factors that make a statistically significant contribution to the development of AU in patients with COPD were the frequency of exacerbations over the previous 12 months, ICP, fibrinogen and CRP levels, FEV; in BA patients - WHR, ICP. Smoking contributes to the development and potentiation of renal dysfunction in patients with bronchial obstructive diseases. The issue of considering BA as a risk factor for renal dysfunction remains controversial, given the diversity of BA both in terms of disease phenotypes, severity, and variety of therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Executive function, mentalizing and humor in major depression

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. UEKERMANN ◽  
S. CHANNON ◽  
C. LEHMKÄMPER ◽  
M. ABDEL-HAMID ◽  
W. VOLLMOELLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Executive Performance ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
And Gender

Major depression is associated with cognitive deficits including memory, executive functions, and affect perception, which have been linked to dysfunction of fronto-subcortical networks. However, little is known about social cognition on more complex socially relevant tasks, such as humor processing. In this investigation a computerized humor-processing task was administered to 27 patients with a diagnosis of major depression (Dep) and 27 healthy controls (HC). Theory of mind (mentalizing) and executive functions were also assessed. Both groups were similar in IQ, age, and gender. Depressed patients performed below the control group with respect to both affective and cognitive aspects of humor processing, and these were related to mentalizing and executive performance. Our findings suggest social cognition deficits in major depression. Ability to process humor and appreciate mentalistic perspectives may in turn influence social interactions and should be given consideration in therapeutic approaches to depression. (JINS, 2008,14, 55–62.)

scholarly journals Pregabalin and PR interval prolongation: any association?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1599
Author(s):  
Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Group A ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Gender

Background: Pregabalin is a well-tolerated medication that is commonly used in the treatment of chronic pain, epilepsy, fibromyalgia, and generalized anxiety disorders. A variety of pregabalin-related cardiac side effects have been described in the literature and first-degree AV block is a well-known consequence. We aimed to investigate whether pregabalin prolongs the PR interval or not.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Shorsh Military General Teaching Hospital, Iraq. A total of 80 patients, who had a multitude of cervical and lumbosacral radiculopathies were enrolled consecutively, from November 1, 2017, to January 31, 2019. Forty patients who were receiving pregabalin (the treatment group) were age-matched and gender-matched with another group of 40 patients who hadn’t been prescribed pregabalin (the control group). A single 12-lead ECG was done in all patients and the PR interval was calculated; a value of >0.20 second is considered a prolongation in the PR interval and defines first-degree AV block.Results: Thirteen patients (32%; 7 males and 6 females) demonstrated a prolongation in the PR interval in the pregabalin arm while the PR interval was prolonged in 5 patients only in the control group (12%; 2 males and 3 females). There was no statistical difference between the maximum PR prolongation in both groups (p-value=0.13; 95% CI, -0.0121 to 0.0317).Conclusions: This study hasn’t found a statistically significant prolongation in the PR interval among patients taking oral pregabalin monotherapy. Whether this observation is clinically significant or not, it needs further analytic studies to uncover its importance.

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

RELATION OF THE MARKERS OF MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION WITH STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE LUNGS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
O. M. Polikutina ◽  
Y. S. Slepynina ◽  
E. D. Bazdyrev ◽  
V. N. Karetnikova ◽  
O. L. Barbarach
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Copd Patients

Aim. To evaluate the structural and functional changes in the lungs of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with absence or presence of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), and the relation with myocardial dysfunction and systemic inflammation.Material and methods. Totally, 189 STEMI patients included: group 1 — STEMI with COPD of moderate and mild grade, 2 — STEMI with no lung pathology. Groups were comparable by clinical and anamnestic parameters. Assessment of lung function and blood collection were done at 10­12 day of STEMI. For comparison of the parameters representing structural and functional changes in the lungs and comparison of C­reactive protein (CRP), N­terminal pro­brain natriuretic peptide (NT­proBNP) concentration, a control group was formed with no pulmonary pathology, comparable by age and sex with the STEMI patients.Results. In COPD patients, higher values revealed of the parameters representing the part of residual volumes in pulmonary structure. Higher residual volume (RV) was found also in STEMI and no COPD comparing to controls, however the relation RV/TLC (total lung capacity) was not higher than normal range. In both groups there were lower values of diffusion lung capacity (DLCO) comparing to controls. The lowest DLCO found in COPD patients. Concentration of NT­proBNP (H=41,6; p<0,001) and CRP (H=38,6; p<0,001) in COPD was significantly higher in STEMI with no COPD patients than in controls. The negative correlations found for NT­proBNP and CRP with forced expiratory volume 1 sec, FEV/FVC1, DLCO, and positive — with the values of thoracic volume, RV/TLC.Conclusion. In STEMI patients the increase revealed of residual lung volumes. Mostly the level of residual volumes is high in STEMI and COPD patients. There are associations of NT­proBNP and CRP with structural and functional parameters of the lungs regardless of COPD.

HUBUNGAN TUNGAU DEBU RUMAH, PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK DAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT KELUARGA TERHADAP KEJADIAN ASMA BRONKIAL PADA ANAK USIA 5 – 10 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS LEMPAKE KOTA SAMARINDA TAHUN 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Evi New Yearsi Pangadongan ◽  
Agustina Rahyu ◽  
Selvy Pasulu
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
And Gender

Bronchial Asthma generally starts from childhood which is condition where respiration channel experiences constriction because of hyperactivity with some specific stimulation which cause inflammation. Some risk factors are smoking exposure of cigarette smoke, weather changes, mite on house dirt, pet and history of family sickness. The purpose of this research is to know Relation of mite on house dirt, exposure of cigarette smoke  and history of family sickness with bronchial asthma incident to child 5 – 10  years old on working area of Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda City in 2016. Method which used was analytic survey with Case Control approaching. The total sample was 36 children which consisted of 18 case group and 18 control group with matching by using age and gender which submitted with Purposive Sampling technique. Data Analysis used Chi Square with wrong degree α = 0,005. The result showed that there was relation of mite of house dirt (p = 0,006), history of family sickness (p = 0,001) and no relation with exposure of cigarette smoke (p = 0,370) with bronchial asthma incident to child 5 – 10 years old on working area of Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda City in 2016.

The evaluation of nasal mucociliary clearance in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (03) ◽  
pp. 220-223
Author(s):  
S Üstün Bezgin ◽  
T Çakabay ◽  
K Irak ◽  
M Koçyiğit ◽  
B Serin Keskineğe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Saccharine Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Nasal Mucociliary Clearance

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine nasal mucociliary clearance time in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.MethodsFifty patients who were newly diagnosed with H pylori infection using gastric biopsy in the gastroenterology out-patient clinic, and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy adults who were admitted to the otorhinolaryngology out-patient clinic, were included in this study. After an otorhinolaryngological examination (anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopic examination), the nasal mucociliary clearance time of each subject was calculated using the saccharine test.ResultsThe mean mucociliary clearance time was 06:29 ± 3:31 minutes (range, 00:55–15:19 minutes) in the control group and 10:12 ± 06:09 minutes (range, 01:28–32:00 minutes) in the study group. Comparisons of the two groups revealed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002).ConclusionNasal mucociliary clearance time was significantly increased in patients with H pylori infection. The results suggest that H pylori infection may have an unfavourable effect on nasal mucociliary clearance.

scholarly journals Effects of a Rehabilitation Programme Using a Nasal Inspiratory Restriction Device in COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4207
Author(s):  
Jose L. Gonzalez-Montesinos ◽  
Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos ◽  
Carmen Vaz-Pardal ◽  
Jesus G. Ponce-Gonzalez ◽  
Alberto Marin-Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Programme ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programme ◽  
Positive Increment

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are characterised for presenting dyspnea, which reduces their physical capacity and tolerance to physical exercise. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of adding a Feel-Breathe (FB) device for inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to an 8-week pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Twenty patients were randomised into three groups: breathing with FB (FBG), oronasal breathing without FB (ONBG) and control group (CG). FBG and ONBG carried out the same training programme with resistance, strength and respiratory exercises for 8 weeks. CG did not perform any pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Regarding intra group differences in the value obtained in the post-training test at the time when the maximum value in the pre-training test was obtained (PostPRE), FBG obtained lower values in oxygen consumption (VO2, mean = −435.6 mL/min, Bayes Factor (BF10) > 100), minute ventilation (VE, −8.5 L/min, BF10 = 25), respiratory rate (RR, −3.3 breaths/min, BF10 = 2), heart rate (HR, −13.7 beats/min, BF10 > 100) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2, −183.0 L/min, BF10 = 50), and a greater value in expiratory time (Tex, 0.22 s, BF10 = 12.5). At the maximum value recorded in the post-training test (PostFINAL), FBG showed higher values in the total time of the test (Tt, 4.3 min, BF10 = 50) and respiratory exchange rate (RER, 0.05, BF10 = 1.3). Regarding inter group differences at PrePOST, FBG obtained a greater negative increment than ONBG in the ventilatory equivalent of CO2 (EqCO2, −3.8 L/min, BF10 = 1.1) and compared to CG in VE (−8.3 L/min, BF10 = 3.6), VCO2 (−215.9 L/min, BF10 = 3.0), EqCO2 (−3.7 L/min, BF10 = 1.1) and HR (−12.9 beats/min, BF10 = 3.4). FBG also showed a greater PrePOST positive increment in Tex (0.21 s, BF10 = 1.4) with respect to CG. At PreFINAL, FBG presented a greater positive increment compared to CG in Tt (4.4 min, BF10 = 3.2) and negative in VE/VCO2 intercept (−4.7, BF10 = 1.1). The use of FB added to a pulmonary rehabilitation programme in COPD patients could improve tolerance in the incremental exercise test and energy efficiency. However, there is only a statically significant difference between FBG and ONBG in EqCO2. Therefore, more studies are necessary to reach a definitive conclusion about including FB in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme.

scholarly journals LINC01414/LINC00824 genetic polymorphisms in association with the susceptibility of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoman Zhou ◽  
Yunjun Zhang ◽  
Yutian Zhang ◽  
Quanni Li ◽  
Mei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complicated multi-factor, multi-gene disease. Here, we aimed to assess the association of genetic polymorphisms in LINC01414/ LINC00824 and interactions with COPD susceptibility. Methods Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LINC01414/LINC00824 was genotyped by Agena MassARRAY platform among 315 COPD patients and 314 controls. Logistic analysis adjusted by age and gender were applied to estimate the genetic contribution of selected SNPs to COPD susceptibility. Results LINC01414 rs699467 (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.94, p = 0.015) and LINC00824 rs7815944 (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.31–0.99, p = 0.046) might be protective factors for COPD occurrence, while LINC01414 rs298207 (OR = 2.88, 95% CI 1.31–6.31, p = 0.008) risk-allele was related to the increased risk of COPD in the whole population. Rs7815944 was associated with the reduced risk of COPD in the subjects aged > 70 years (OR = 0.29, p = 0.005). Rs6994670 (OR = 0.57, p = 0.007) contribute to a reduced COPD risk, while rs298207 (OR = 7.94, p = 0.009) was related to a higher susceptibility to COPD at age ≤ 70 years. Rs298207 (OR = 2.54, p = 0.043) and rs7815944 (OR = 0.43, p = 0.028) variants was associated COPD risk among males. Rs7815944 (OR = 0.16, p = 0.031) was related to the reduced susceptibility of COPD in former smokers. Moreover, the association between rs298207 genotype and COPD patients with dyspnea was found (OR = 0.50, p = 0.016), and rs7815944 was related to COPD patients with wheezing (OR = 0.22, p = 0.008). Conclusion Our finding provided further insights into LINC01414/LINC00824 polymorphisms at risk of COPD occurrence and accumulated evidence for the genetic susceptibility of COPD.

scholarly journals Optimal Timing for Primary Early Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in Acute Dacryocystitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2161
Author(s):  
Jae Yun Sung ◽  
Ju Mi Kim ◽  
Jae Yul Hwang ◽  
Kyoung Nam Kim ◽  
Jae Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Timing Of Surgery ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Secondary Outcome Measure ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy ◽  
And Gender

Purpose: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of primary early endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EnDCR) in acute dacryocystitis (AD) and to determine the optimal timing for surgery. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed on consecutive patients who underwent primary early EnDCR (within 1 week) for AD between May 2010 and June 2020 (AD group) and an age- and gender-matched control group of NLDO patients who underwent EnDCR (non-AD group). The primary outcome measures were the surgical outcomes at the final follow-up examination. The secondary outcome measure was the clinical course of AD patients. Subgroup analysis was performed to determine the optimal timing of surgery by comparing the outcomes of very early EnDCR (within 3 days) and those of early EnDCR (between 4 and 7 days). Results: Forty-one patients were included in the AD group and 82 patients in the non-AD group. The anatomical and functional success rates were 87.8% and 82.9% in the AD group, and 91.5% and 84.1% in the non-AD group, which were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.532 and p = 0.863). In the AD group, the mean times for pain relief and resolution of swelling after surgery were 2.4 and 6.5 days after surgery, respectively. In the subgroup analysis according to the timing of surgery, the time for symptom resolution after diagnosis, the length of hospital stays, and the duration of antibiotic treatments were significantly shorter after very early EnDCR (all ps < 0.05), whereas the surgical outcomes were not different between the two groups (p = 1.000). Conclusions: Primary early EnDCR is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of AD. In particular, very early EnDCR performed within 3 days leads to faster recovery and shortens the course of antibiotic treatment.

scholarly journals Is there a relationship between sleep apnoea and microalbuminuria?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melek Cihanbeylerden ◽  
Melike Bağnu Yüceege
Keyword(s):  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Microvascular Damage ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a cause of hypoxia, and the correlation between hypoxia and microvascular complications is well known. Microalbuminuria (MAU) is a marker for endovascular dysfunction and an indicator of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between microvascular damage and the metabolic complications of OSA based on the presence of MAU. Material and method Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and microalbumin level were examined in patients with an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) greater than 5/h (study group) and in patients with an AHI less than 5/h (control group). The exclusion criteria were other possible causes of MAU (hypertension, nephropathy, coronary artery disease, and severe thyroid dysfunction). Results Of 103 patients enrolled, 80 formed the group with OSA and 23 served as controls. According to the AHI values, the patients were divided into four groups as normal, mild, moderate and severe. There was no significant difference between the four groups in terms of the microalbumin level and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Conclusion In this study, no significant relationship was found between MAU and sleep apnoea.

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