scholarly journals Shades of endophytic fungi: Exceptional plant inhabitants with de facto therapeutic promises

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
Syarifah Ab Rashid ◽  
Chean Ring Leong ◽  
Md Abu Taher ◽  
Nur Rifqah Attifah Rosman ◽  
Noor Faizah Che Harun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Alternative Drugs

From the tropics to the arctic, almost all living plants on the earth are resided by endophytic fungi. The microorganism can be found near intercellular or intracellular tissues and cause void adverse symptoms of infection. Endophytes and host plants are synergistically protecting each other. As the host provides nutrients, the endophytes serve the host by activating their defense mode against parasites and pests. A search for alternative drugs, mostly from natural sources, is in ascending trends due to the increase of lethal diseases. This review emphasizes the significance of several endophytic fungi as a foundation for novel bioactive sources which might be advantageous for human health. The communication between the endophytic fungi and their host has generated numerous unique bioactive metabolites from different biosynthetic pathways. These include ketones, polyketides, alkaloids, non-alkaloids, acids, coumarins, etc., which comprise numerous potent biological activities including antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, insecticidal, antidiabetic, immunosuppressive, anti-arthritis, anti-inflammatory, and anti hypercholesterolemic. Around 1.5 million endophytic fungal species have been estimated. However, to date, only 100,000 species are reported. Thus, a few isolated compounds and their biological activities have been opted in this current review. All compounds were discovered from endophytic fungi, which resided on various host plants, particularly from algae to a higher family plant such as mangroves.

scholarly journals In vitro- exploration of Fungal Endophytes of Egyptian Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke) and Investigation of some their bioactive potentials

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid

<p>Plant-associated microorganisms, especially endophytic fungi, represent an untapped resource for the discovery of biologically active natural products. The objectives of this study were to isolate, identify endophytic fungi, and produce their bioactive metabolites from the leaves of two varieties of Egyptian artichoke namely: French Hyrious and Egyptian Baladi. In addition, assess of their total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The results of this novel study show a total of 35 endophytic fungal species belonging to 14 genera were isolated from both artichoke leaves with gross total counts of colonizing endophytic fungi ranged from 71 to 123 cfu which is matching 78.89% to 136.67% of colonization frequency. All taxa recovered were assigned to Ascomycetes. In addition, there is high species richness and diversity indices of endophytic filamentous fungi in the leaves Baladi Artichoke as compared to its French rival. &nbsp;<em>Alternaria alternata</em> were found to be the most frequently isolated dominant species. The TAC, TPC and TFC of the fungal cultures ranged from 163 to 681 mgAAE/gDW, 10.38 to 40.30 mgGAE/ gDW, and 13.92 to 173.55 mgQE/gDW, respectively. Furthermore, LC-ESI-MS/MS confirmed the presence of 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in the methanolic extract of <em>A. alternata.</em> Hence, this novel study suggested that the metabolites produced by endophytic fungi associated with Egyptian artichoke could be explored as an economic and potential natural resources with diverse pharmaceutical and biological activities.</p>

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1836-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ancheeva ◽  
Georgios Daletos ◽  
Peter Proksch
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fungal Genes

Background: Endophytes represent a complex community of microorganisms colonizing asymptomatically internal tissues of higher plants. Several reports have shown that endophytes enhance the fitness of their host plants by direct production of bioactive secondary metabolites, which are involved in protecting the host against herbivores and pathogenic microbes. In addition, it is increasingly apparent that endophytes are able to biosynthesize medicinally important “phytochemicals”, originally believed to be produced only by their host plants. Objective: The present review provides an overview of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi with pronounced biological activities covering the literature between 2010 and 2017. Special focus is given on studies aiming at exploration of the mode of action of these metabolites towards the discovery of leads from endophytic fungi. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the potential of endophytic fungi as alternative sources of bioactive “plant metabolites”. Results: Over the past few years, several promising lead structures from endophytic fungi have been described in the literature. In this review, 65 metabolites are outlined with pronounced biological activities, primarily as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Some of these metabolites have shown to be highly selective or to possess novel mechanisms of action, which hold great promises as potential drug candidates. Conclusion: Endophytes represent an inexhaustible reservoir of pharmacologically important compounds. Moreover, endophytic fungi could be exploited for the sustainable production of bioactive “plant metabolites” in the future. Towards this aim, further insights into the dynamic endophyte - host plant interactions and origin of endophytic fungal genes would be of utmost importance.

scholarly journals Alkaloids Produced by Endophytic Fungi: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Zhang ◽  
Ting Han ◽  
Qianliang Ming ◽  
Lingshang Wu ◽  
Khalid Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Applications

In recent years, a number of alkaloids have been discovered from endophytic fungi in plants, which exhibited excellent biological properties such as antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities. This review mainly deals with the research progress on endophytic fungi for producing bioactive alkaloids such as quinoline and isoquinoline, amines and amides, indole derivatives, pyridines, and quinazolines. The biological activities and action mechanisms of these alkaloids from endophytic fungi are also introduced. Furthermore, the relationships between alkaloid-producing endophytes and their host plants, as well as their potential applications in the future are discussed.

Bioactive secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms associated with plants

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Firáková ◽  
Mária Šturdíková ◽  
Marta Múčková
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endophytic Microorganisms ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

AbstractIn the past few decades groups of scientists have focused their study on relatively new microorganisms called endophytes. By definition these microorganisms, mostly fungi and bacteria, colonise the intercellular spaces of the plant tissues. The mutual relationship between endophytic microorganisms and their host plants, taxanomy and ecology of endophytes are being studied. Some of these microorganisms produce bioactive secondary metabolites that may be involved in a host-endophyte relationship. Recently, many endophytic bioactive metabolites, known as well as new substances, possesing a wide variety of biological activities as antibiotic, antitumor, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, etc. have been identified. The microorganisms such as endophytes may be very interesting for biotechnological production of bioactive substances as medicinally important agents. Therefore the aim of this review is to briefly characterize endophytes and summarize the structuraly different bioactive secondary metabolites produced by endophytic microorganisms as well as microbial sources of these metabolites and their host plants.

scholarly journals Diversity of endophytic fungal species from Styrax benzoin found in benzoin-producing locations in North Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
W Y Slamet ◽  
S A Faulina ◽  
A Hidayat ◽  
A Susilowati ◽  
D Elfiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Stem Leaf

Abstract Styrax benzoin is a native tree to Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra. This plant species produces benzoin resin, which is beneficial for medicinal treatments, hence its commercial value. Endophytic fungi help produce bioactive metabolites and contribute to resin production. However, the diversity of endophytic fungal species from S. benzoin grown in North Sumatra remained largely unexplored. This study aims to determine the distribution and diversity of culturable endophytic fungi from two kemenyan-producing locations in North Sumatra, Simalungun and North Tapanuli, as well as their tree part origin. A total of 7 and 8 endophytic fungal species were obtained from barks, stems, and/or leaves of S. benzoin grown in Simalungun and North Tapanuli, respectively, and identified by internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. Endophytic fungi from North Tapanuli showed higher diversity, with a Shannon-Wiener index of 2.31 than those from Simalungun (1.95). Morisita-Horn similarity indices for bark-stem, stem-leaf, and bark-leaf were 0.47, 0.08, and 0, respectively, hinting at organ-specificity colonization. This study offers insights into the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from S. benzoin which may contribute to future improvement of benzoin resin production.

Bioactive Metabolites from Pathogenic and Endophytic Fungi of Forest Trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Masi ◽  
Lucia Maddau ◽  
Benedetto Teodoro Linaldeddu ◽  
Bruno Scanu ◽  
Antonio Evidente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Forest Trees

Background: Fungi play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems interacting positively or negatively with plants. These interactions are complex and the outcomes are different depending on the fungal lifestyles, saprotrophic, mutualistic or pathogenic. Furthermore, fungi are well known for producing secondary metabolites, originating from different biosynthetic pathways, which possess biological properties of considerable biotechnological interest. Among the terrestrial ecosystems, temperate forests represent an enormous reservoir of fungal diversity. This review will highlight the goldmine of secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic and endophytic fungi of forest trees with focus on their biological activities. Methods: A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature was undertaken using a research discovery application providing access to a large and authoritative source of references. The papers selected were examined and the main results were reported and discussed. Results: Two hundred forthy-one papers were included in the review, outlined a large number of secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic and endophiltic fungi and their biological activities, including phytotoxic, antifungal, antioomycetes, antibacterial, brine shrimp lethality, mosquito biting deterrence and larvicidal, cytotoxic, antiproliferative and many other bioactivities. Conclusion: The findings of this review confirm the importance of secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic and endophytic fungi from forest plants growing in temperate regions as an excellent prospects to discover compounds with new bioactivities and mode of actions. In addition, the potential of some metabolites as a source of new drugs and biopesticides is underlined.

PRISMA Based Systematic Review: Pharmacognostic Study of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Singh ◽  
Aman Kumar ◽  
Bhupesh C. Semwal
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Zanthoxylum Armatum ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Collective Information

Introduction:: Herb, Zanthoxylum armatum DC., commonly called as Indian prickly ash, and Nepal pepper (family Rutaceae), that commonly utilized in the traditional medicinal system. Objective:: The current review provides a requisite data collecting descriptive information on the organoleptic, microscopical, ethnobotanical use, phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of Z. armatum; therefore, helps in forming a bridge between research gaps and the upcoming future findings for most of the researches. Materials and methods:: The systematic literature survey was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. The collective information was gathered from books, renowned journals, and electronic databases including Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed from 1966 to 2020. Results:: Most of the bioactive metabolites have been isolated and characterized till dates, such as monoterpenes in essential oil and lignan components are reported to present in the herb. Several in-vitro and in-vivo pharmacological bioassays revealed the potential of Z. armatum as antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular effects and so on. Conclusion:: Therefore, the current review will summarize the organoleptic, microscopy, phytochemistry and biological activities of Z. armatum providing more emphasis on in-vitro as well as in-vivo studies along with clinical research, helpful in exploring the potential efficacy of the plant.

scholarly journals Study of antibacterial, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic potential of the cell extracts of endophytic fungi and bacteria isolated from Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K. Schuman

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G A Gowthami ◽  
Subhankar Das ◽  
Yalpi Karthik ◽  
I K Manjula
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Apoptotic Induction

Endophytes contribute to the synthesis of significant metabolites in symbiotic association with their host plants. On considering the medicinal importance of the prominent tree species Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K. Schuman, the study was conducted to isolate and identify the endophytic bacteria and fungi for their bioactivity. The isolation of endophytic bacteria and fungi were performed by surface sterilisation of the stem and leaf samples of P. longifolia. The obtained bacterial and fungal endophytic isolates were maintained in nutrient agar and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media and were examined for colony morphology and microscopic appearances with varied biochemical characterisations. Furthermore, both the fungal and bacterial isolates were subjected to solvent extractions to evaluate antibacterial activity. Also, anti-proliferative effects due to apoptotic induction by the endophytic fungal extracts were checked against proliferative yeast cells. Moreover, endophytic bacteria belonging to Enterococcaceae had shown antibacterial activity against Salmonella species. In the present study, fungal species belonging to Cladosporium predominantly found to inhabit as endophytic fungi in the plant samples. Also, this particular fungus among other selected endophytic fungi attributed to causing effective anti-proliferative activity. The endophytic bacteria belonging to Enterococcus and Micrococcus genera showed significant antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 23564).

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

Recent progress in marine mollusks from the South China Sea: chemical and ecological studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-Wei Li ◽  
Yue-Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Marine Mollusks

: Marine mollusks are a prolific source of secondary metabolites with complex/diverse structures and various aspects of biological activities. For above mentioned reason, these animals have been being extensively explored and became the hotspot of research subject in the recent years. It is well documented that mollusks can escape from predation by utilizing bioactive metabolites as defensive chemicals. In the last decade, the possible diet relationship between the South China Sea mollusks and their related potential prey organisms, including sponges, corals, algae, etc. have been systematically investigated. A series of interesting results have been obtained concerning the chemistry, chemoecology and pharmacological profiles of the studied marine organisms. The present review focuses on recent development dealing with chemistry, chemoecology, and bioactivity of the South China Sea mollusks and their dietary organisms.

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