scholarly journals Diversity of endophytic fungal species from Styrax benzoin found in benzoin-producing locations in North Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
W Y Slamet ◽  
S A Faulina ◽  
A Hidayat ◽  
A Susilowati ◽  
D Elfiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Stem Leaf

Abstract Styrax benzoin is a native tree to Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra. This plant species produces benzoin resin, which is beneficial for medicinal treatments, hence its commercial value. Endophytic fungi help produce bioactive metabolites and contribute to resin production. However, the diversity of endophytic fungal species from S. benzoin grown in North Sumatra remained largely unexplored. This study aims to determine the distribution and diversity of culturable endophytic fungi from two kemenyan-producing locations in North Sumatra, Simalungun and North Tapanuli, as well as their tree part origin. A total of 7 and 8 endophytic fungal species were obtained from barks, stems, and/or leaves of S. benzoin grown in Simalungun and North Tapanuli, respectively, and identified by internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. Endophytic fungi from North Tapanuli showed higher diversity, with a Shannon-Wiener index of 2.31 than those from Simalungun (1.95). Morisita-Horn similarity indices for bark-stem, stem-leaf, and bark-leaf were 0.47, 0.08, and 0, respectively, hinting at organ-specificity colonization. This study offers insights into the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from S. benzoin which may contribute to future improvement of benzoin resin production.

scholarly journals Shades of endophytic fungi: Exceptional plant inhabitants with de facto therapeutic promises

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
Syarifah Ab Rashid ◽  
Chean Ring Leong ◽  
Md Abu Taher ◽  
Nur Rifqah Attifah Rosman ◽  
Noor Faizah Che Harun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Alternative Drugs

From the tropics to the arctic, almost all living plants on the earth are resided by endophytic fungi. The microorganism can be found near intercellular or intracellular tissues and cause void adverse symptoms of infection. Endophytes and host plants are synergistically protecting each other. As the host provides nutrients, the endophytes serve the host by activating their defense mode against parasites and pests. A search for alternative drugs, mostly from natural sources, is in ascending trends due to the increase of lethal diseases. This review emphasizes the significance of several endophytic fungi as a foundation for novel bioactive sources which might be advantageous for human health. The communication between the endophytic fungi and their host has generated numerous unique bioactive metabolites from different biosynthetic pathways. These include ketones, polyketides, alkaloids, non-alkaloids, acids, coumarins, etc., which comprise numerous potent biological activities including antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, insecticidal, antidiabetic, immunosuppressive, anti-arthritis, anti-inflammatory, and anti hypercholesterolemic. Around 1.5 million endophytic fungal species have been estimated. However, to date, only 100,000 species are reported. Thus, a few isolated compounds and their biological activities have been opted in this current review. All compounds were discovered from endophytic fungi, which resided on various host plants, particularly from algae to a higher family plant such as mangroves.

Mogroside V-producing Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Siraitia grosvenorii

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (13/14) ◽  
pp. 983-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Bin ◽  
Yu Fangming ◽  
Jiang Zhi
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Siraitia Grosvenorii ◽  
Stem Leaf

AbstractEndophytic fungi can produce beneficial active components during symbiosis with host plants. Fifteen purified endophytic fungal strains were isolated and screened from root, stem, leaf, and fruit of the Chinese medicine food homologous plant Siraitia grosvenorii. These strains were fermented, and then the fermented solution was extracted using acetonitrile. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrum (MS), using standard mogroside V as control. The results showed that strain LHG-F5 and strain LHG-L4 could produce mogroside V with output of 3.814 µg/mL and 2.675 µg/mL, respectively. By morphological observation together with similarity of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence by Clustan X method, LHG-F5 and LHG-L4 were classified as Diaporthe angelica and Fusarium solani, respectively.

scholarly journals In vitro- exploration of Fungal Endophytes of Egyptian Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke) and Investigation of some their bioactive potentials

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid

<p>Plant-associated microorganisms, especially endophytic fungi, represent an untapped resource for the discovery of biologically active natural products. The objectives of this study were to isolate, identify endophytic fungi, and produce their bioactive metabolites from the leaves of two varieties of Egyptian artichoke namely: French Hyrious and Egyptian Baladi. In addition, assess of their total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The results of this novel study show a total of 35 endophytic fungal species belonging to 14 genera were isolated from both artichoke leaves with gross total counts of colonizing endophytic fungi ranged from 71 to 123 cfu which is matching 78.89% to 136.67% of colonization frequency. All taxa recovered were assigned to Ascomycetes. In addition, there is high species richness and diversity indices of endophytic filamentous fungi in the leaves Baladi Artichoke as compared to its French rival. &nbsp;<em>Alternaria alternata</em> were found to be the most frequently isolated dominant species. The TAC, TPC and TFC of the fungal cultures ranged from 163 to 681 mgAAE/gDW, 10.38 to 40.30 mgGAE/ gDW, and 13.92 to 173.55 mgQE/gDW, respectively. Furthermore, LC-ESI-MS/MS confirmed the presence of 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in the methanolic extract of <em>A. alternata.</em> Hence, this novel study suggested that the metabolites produced by endophytic fungi associated with Egyptian artichoke could be explored as an economic and potential natural resources with diverse pharmaceutical and biological activities.</p>

Endophytic Fungal Diversity on Different Aged Bark of Medicinal Taxus Plant Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-549
Author(s):  
Xiaokuan Fan ◽  
Surendra Sarsaiya ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Xiwu Pan ◽  
Leilei Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Major Species

The present study investigated the endophytic biodiversity on different aged Taxus bark using highthroughput sequencing. Fungi from the five Taxus species, including Taxus yunnanensis, T. media, T. chinensis, and two unidentified Taxus species I and II, were identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer sequence analysis. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were 141, 114, 98, 67 and 36, respectively, while the genera numbers were 22, 14, 16, 9 and 10 from the species distribution data, respectively. The dominant fungal genera were Mycena (94.33%), Phageophora (43.97%) and Paraconiothyrium (34.02%), followed by Pestalotiopsis (1.58%) and Strelitziana (1.15%). Rankabundance curve and diversity index suggested that the major species from the bark of T. yunnanensis (YN) was endophytic fungi, whereas fungal species from the bark of unidentified Taxus species II (HDS 50) were quite rare. Furthermore, tree age notably influenced the bark endophytic fungal biodiversity.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of phylloplane and endophytic fungi from Sapindus mukorossi

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Varpe
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Level

Phylloplane biodiversity and endophytic fungi is considered one of the rich origins of novel biological activity compounds and high-level structural variation on the leaf surface. Plant leaves surface is a diverse terrestrial ecosystem, including filamentous fungi. This study aims to study the isolation and enumeration of Sapindus mukorossi phylloplane and endophytic fungal diversity. The Sapindus mukorossi isolated 14 fungal species from 9 genera of phylloplane and endophytic fungi. Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium expansum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sp., Alternaria alternate, Collectotrichum orbiculare, Torulla herbarium, Epicoccum nigrum and Candida sp. as a phylloplane fungi. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Epicoccum nigrum. Penicillum digitatum, Penicillum sp. were identified as endophytic fungi.

scholarly journals Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Chloranthus japonicus Sieb in Qinling Mountains, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5958
Author(s):  
Chao An ◽  
Saijian Ma ◽  
Xinwei Shi ◽  
Wenjiao Xue ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Qinling Mountains ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Abundant Genus ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The plant Chloranthus japonicus Sieb is known for its anticancer properties and mainly distributed in China, Japan, and Korea. In this study, we firstly investigated the diversity and antimicrobial activity of the culturable endophytic fungi from C. japonicus. A total of 332 fungal colonies were successfully isolated from 555 tissue segments of the medicinal plant C. japonicus collected from Qinling Mountains, China. One hundred and thirty representative morphotype strains were identified according to ITS rDNA sequence analyses and were grouped into three phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota), five classes (Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Agaricomycetes, Mucoromycetes), and at least 30 genera. Colletotrichum (RA, 60.54%) was the most abundant genus, followed by Aspergillus (RA, 11.75%) and Diaporthe (RA, 9.34%). The Species Richness Index (S, 56) and the Shannon-Wiener Index (H′, 2.7076) indicated that C. japonicus harbored abundant fungal resources. Thirteen out of 130 endophytic fungal ethyl acetate extracts exhibited inhibitory activities against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus. Among of these, F8158, which was identified as Trichoderma cf. harzianum, exhibited good antagonistic capacities (the percent inhibition of mycelial growth ranged from 47.72~88.18) for different pathogens and has a potential application in biological control. In addition, it is noteworthy that the strain F8157 (Thanatephorus cucumeris, an opportunistic pathogen) showed antibacterial and antifungal activity, which is reported firstly in this study, and should be investigated further. Taken together, these results indicated that the endophytic fungi from C. japonicus may be of potential interest in screening bio-control agents and discovering of new bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity Potential of Endophytic Fungi Extracts from Terminalia catappa against Human Cervical Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Michèle Stella Majoumouo ◽  
Marius Belmondo Tincho ◽  
Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo ◽  
Thureyah Morris ◽  
Donavon Charles Hiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cells ◽  
Late Apoptosis ◽  
Human Cervical Cancer

Endophytic fungi are potential sources of novel bioactive metabolites from a natural product drug discovery perspective. This study reports the bioactivity-directed fractionation of the secondary metabolites of the ethyl acetate extract of a fermentation culture of endophytic fungi from Terminalia catappa which were then evaluated for their cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells. Furthermore, apoptosis was determined using the Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry assay. Endophyte extracts N2, N7, N8, N97, N169, and N233 were obtained from Trichoderma sp, Phoma sp, Phomopsis phyllanticola, Fusarium oxyporum, Collectotrichum sp, and Cryptococcus flavescens, respectively. The N97 extract was most active with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 33.35 µg/ml. A 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 268.4 µg/ml was obtained with HFF cells and the selectivity index (SI) was 8.01. The percentages of cell populations were increased at late apoptosis (Annexin+/PI+), with the percentages of 27.4 ± 0.3 and 19.2 ± 0.01 obtained, respectively, for 50 µg/ml and 80 µg/ml of the N97 extract and 2.1 ± 0.1 obtained for the control in late apoptosis (Annexin V+/PI+) . Moreover, a higher reduction in the percentage of viable cells was observed in the HeLa control cells (93.6 ± 0.3), but the percentages of viable HeLa cells were 37 ± 0.05 and 45 ± 0.1, respectively, for the 50 µg/ml and 80 µg/ml treatments with the N97 extract. Also, the percentages of 34.7 ± 0.1 and 33.9 ± 0.4 were, respectively, obtained for 50 µg/ml and 80 µg/ml compared to the control with 4.6 ± 0.2, in early apoptosis (Annexin V+/PI-). These findings highlight the anticancer potential of the N97 extract of endophytic fungi from Terminalia catappa, which is mediated through apoptosis and presumably also attenuation of chemoresistance.

scholarly journals An Emerging Pathogen from Rotted Chestnut in China: Gnomoniopsis daii sp. nov.

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Jiang ◽  
Chengming Tian
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Rot Disease

Nut quality is fundamental to the economic viability of the Chinese sweet chestnut industry, but fruit rot disease significantly reduces this quality. In this study, we investigated chestnut rot in Anhui and Hubei provinces in China. Typical brown rot symptoms were observed, affecting nuts from different plantations. Isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissues of rotted fruits that were identified based on morphological comparison and phylogenetic analyses of partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and tef1 and tub2 gene sequences. The inoculation results showed that the tested fungal species is pathogenic to chestnut fruits. Hence, a new and severe pathogen that causes Chinese sweet chestnut brown rot, Gnomoniopsis daii sp. nov., is introduced herein.

Diaporthe sinensis, a new fungus from Amaranthus sp. in China 

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 425 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
XIAO-XIAO FENG ◽  
JIA-JIE CHEN ◽  
GUO-RONG WANG ◽  
TING-TING CAO ◽  
YONG-LI ZHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Β Tubulin

During an exploration of plant pathogens in vegetables occuring in Zhejiang province, China, a novel fungal species, was found. Three strains ZJUP0033-4, ZJUP0038-3 and ZJUP0132 were isolated from black round lesions in the stems and leaves of Amaranthus sp. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences from four genes including rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), histone (HIS) and β-tubulin (TUB) indicated that D. sinensis clustered in a distinct clade closely related to D. neoarctii, D. angelicae, D. subordinaria, D. arctii, D. cuppatea, D. lusitanicae, D. novem, D. infecunda, D. ganjae and D. manihotia. Morphologically, D. sinensis is distinguished by brown, scattered, globose pycnidia and ellipsoid alpha conidia with bi- to multiguttulate.

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