Potensi Isolat Kamir Filosfer Buah Cabai sebagai Antagonis Terhadap Patogen Antraknosa

Anthracnose disease in chili is caused by C. acutatum. This disease can cause a decrease in quality and production of chili pepper. The use of biological control agents can be an alternative in controlling of C. acutatum. The use of biological agents is more environmentally friendly and reduces the negative effects of synthetic pesticides. This study aims to obtain yeast isolates from the phyllosphere that have the potential to suppress anthracnose disease. The research was carried out at the Laboratory of Diseases at the Faculty of Agriculture, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak from July to October 2019. Yeast isolation used a pouring plate method on the media YGCA after the yeast on the fruit surface was enriched in liquid media YGC during 24 hours. Yeast antagonism test against C. acutatum using the dual culture method, conidia viability, and the ability of pathogens to infect fruit. The results of the isolation obtained 8 yeast isolates in healthy chili of Gada variety. Antagonism test obtained 3 yeast isolates with the highest inhibitory to C. acutatum growth, isolates K2, K3 and K5. Inhibition is greater than 50%. Based on the severity index of the disease in the hypovirulent test, the three yeast isolates were not pathogenic. In the in vivo test with the immersion method, both using yeast cells and filtrate showed that yeast cells could inhibit the growth of C. acutatum infection ability better than yeast filtrate. All yeast isolates can suppress the growth of C. acutatum with a different percentage of disease.

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Potential Rhizopus spp. in control the growth of Aspergillus flavus FNCC6109 in broiler chicken concentrate feed

Jurnal Biologi Udayana ◽

10.24843/jbiounud.2021.v25.i02.p06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Lalu Muhammad Sakti Surya Jagat ◽

Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa ◽

I Made Sara Wijana

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Animal Health ◽

Culture Method ◽

Negative Control ◽

Inhibition Test ◽

Dual Culture ◽

In Vivo Test

Aspergillus flavus contamination of agriculture in Indonesia can cause problems to animal health and productivity. Some factors can support the appearance of contamination in feed, especially temperature and humidity. The main objective of this research was to investigate potency of Rhizopus spp. on inhibit A. flavus FNCC6109 in broiler chicken concentrate feed. The experiments were conducted dual culture method and the inhibition test of the Rhizopus spp. filtrate culture was incubated for 3, 4 and 5 days on in vitro. The in vivo test was directly applied in broiler chicken concentrate feed which added Rhizopus spp. filtrate culture concentration at 10% (v/v), 20% (v/v), 30% (v/v), 40% (v/v), dan 50% (v/v). The results showed that the Rhizopus spp. filtrate culture significantly (P?0,05) to inhibit the growth of A. flavus FNCC6109 both in vitro and in vivo. The percentage inhibition of Rhizopus spp. filtrate culture incubated for 5 days showed 67,47±2,10% relatively better results than 3 and 4 days, and therefore was used in the in vivo. Application of 50% (v/v) Rhizopus spp. filtrate culture to the broiler chicken concentrate feed significantly reduced 82% population of A. flavus FNCC6109 after 15 days incubated relative to that of negative control (concentrate feed without addition Rhizopus spp. filtrate culture and A. flavus FNCC6109).

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ASAI KEMAMPUAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT DARI KACANG TANAH DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Sclerotium sp. PADA KECAMBAH KACANG TANAH

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.214178-186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 178-186

Author(s):

Lisa Novita Arios ◽

Dwi Suryanto . ◽

Kiki Nurtjahja . ◽

Erman Munir .

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Culture Method ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Peanut Seed ◽

Number Of Leaves

Assay on ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from peanut to inhibit Sclerotium sp. growth in peanut seedlings. A study on assay of ability of endophytic bacteria to inhibit Sclerotium sp. in peanut seedling has been done. The bacteria were isolated from peanut healthy plants, while Sclerotium sp. was isolated from infected peanaut plant. Antagonistic assay was conducted by dual culture method. In vivo assay of inhibiting Sclerotium sp. was conducted by dipping peanut seed in bacterial solution, and planting the seed in soil:compost (3:1) growing media. Six endophytic bacterial isolates showed to inhibit the growth of Sclerotium sp. in vitro. LN1 seemed to inhibit more of Sclerotium sp., while LN5 showed to inhibit less. Two potential isolates LN1 of gram-negative and LN2 of gram-positive using for further study showed to decrease more of dumping off. It also seemed that the isolates increased the seedling height, number of leaves, and dry weight.

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Effects of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124, an effective biocontrol agent against Fusarium graminearum, on crown rot disease and growth promotion of wheat

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2019-0285 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (12) ◽

pp. 904-912 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yun-Tae Kim ◽

Sararat Monkhung ◽

Yong Seong Lee ◽

Kil Yong Kim

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Culture Method ◽

Microscopic Investigation ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Rot Disease

Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum (74.66%) under the dual culture method. Microscopic investigation clearly showed that amendment with different concentrations (10%, 30%, and 50%) of HS124 bacterial culture filtrate on potato dextrose agar plates caused abnormal hyphal structures, including swelling and distortion. Its inhibition toward mycelial growth of F. graminearum was increased with increasing concentration of n-butanol crude extract of HS124. The highest inhibition (43.14%) was detected at a crude concentration of 10 mg/disc, whereas the lowest inhibition (21.57%) was observed at 2 mg/disc. Although mycelial growth of F. graminearum was promoted by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by HS124 as compared with the control, these VOCs clearly decreased fungal pigmentation resulting in a reduction of fungal sporulation. Microscopic investigation revealed hyphal deformation of F. graminearum due to VOCs. These compounds also had a negative effect on spore germination of F. graminearum. In vivo evaluations demonstrated that HS124 inoculation of wheat plants reduced crown rot disease incidence by 73.70% as compared with the control. HS124 inoculation of wheat plants also promoted most of the growth characteristics compared with the control or fungicide-treated plants. Our results provide strong evidence that HS124 could control F. graminearum infections and promote growth of wheat plants as part of management strategies for crown rot disease.

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The Arabidopsis Rho of Plants GTPase ROP1 Is a Potential Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase (CDPK) Substrate

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2053

Author(s):

Dalma Ménesi ◽

Éva Klement ◽

Györgyi Ferenc ◽

Attila Fehér

Keyword(s):

Protein Kinases ◽

Phosphorylation Site ◽

Interaction Strength ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Phosphorylation Sites ◽

Mutant Proteins ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Calcium Dependent

Plant Rho-type GTPases (ROPs) are versatile molecular switches involved in a number of signal transduction pathways. Although it is well known that they are indirectly linked to protein kinases, our knowledge about their direct functional interaction with upstream or downstream protein kinases is scarce. It is reasonable to suppose that similarly to their animal counterparts, ROPs might also be regulated by phosphorylation. There is only, however, very limited experimental evidence to support this view. Here, we present the analysis of two potential phosphorylation sites of AtROP1 and two types of potential ROP-kinases. The S74 site of AtROP1 has been previously shown to potentially regulate AtROP1 activation dependent on its phosphorylation state. However, the kinase phosphorylating this evolutionarily conserved site could not be identified: we show here that despite of the appropriate phosphorylation site consensus sequences around S74 neither the selected AGC nor CPK kinases phosphorylate S74 of AtROP1 in vitro. However, we identified several phosphorylation sites other than S74 for the CPK17 and 34 kinases in AtROP1. One of these sites, S97, was tested for biological relevance. Although the mutation of S97 to alanine (which cannot be phosphorylated) or glutamic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) somewhat altered the protein interaction strength of AtROP1 in yeast cells, the mutant proteins did not modify pollen tube growth in an in vivo test.

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Antagonisme Fungi Endofit Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) terhadap Fusarium oxysporum C2 Penyebab Busuk Umbi pada Bawang Merah in Vitro

Agrotechnology Research Journal ◽

10.20961/agrotechresj.v4i1.41351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Fauziyyah Nahdah ◽

Noorkomala Sari ◽

Akhmad Rizali ◽

Rabiatul Wahdah

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Culture Method ◽

Fungal Endophyte ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Antimicrobial Substances ◽

Spss Software

Basal plate rot is a major disease on shallot caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Endophytic fungi is promising to use as antagonist agent to the pathogen. Endophyte is microbes that are living in plant cells and have an asymptomatic characteristic. Nowadays, fungal endophyte is believed to produce antimicrobial substances similar with their plant host's natural product. Jatropha curcas is one of the plants containing secondary metabolites that have antifungal activities. The research aimed to study the ability of endophyte from Jatropha curcas to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum. The dual culture method was used in this research and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. This antagonism test was conducted by 9 isolates endophyte and each plate consisted of 3 replicates. The result revealed endophyte fungal obtaining 9 isolates with the radial growth of 4,5 cm/2 days. Endophytes of Jatropha curcas L. were able to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum C2. The percentage of inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum causing of root blight diseases was controlled by up 38.27 - 74.48%. The highest percentage of inhibition is gained by B4b and the lowest of it is A2b. Our observations showed that each endophyte has a consistent linear trend. B4b still leaded as the highest strength to inhibit the growth of pathogen on the monitoring of 3, 5, and 7 days. Moreover, the ability of fungi endophyte from Jatropha curcas as antagonist agent to Fusarium oxysporum needs to be further examined by the in vivo method.

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Effect of Trichoderma sp. on Anthracnose Disease of Stored Chilli

Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology ◽

10.33736/bjrst.1211.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 90-102

Author(s):

Zee Kar Yan ◽

Vu Thanh Tu Anh

Keyword(s):

Fungal Growth ◽

Pathogen Resistance ◽

Raw Material ◽

Small Lesion ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Colletotrichum Capsici ◽

Trichoderma Sp

Chilli is commonly used as spice in Malaysian culinary, principal ingredients in paste (sambal) and as the raw material in sauce industry. Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici is one of the major causes of economic loss to chilli production especially in Asia. Even a small lesion on chilli might affect the quality, thus the market value of the chilli. Disease symptoms caused by C. capsici include brown, circular and sunken lesion with concentric rings of black acervuli. Chemicals have been used to treat the chilli but they might cause environmental pollution, affect human health and lead to pathogen resistance to the chemicals. Therefore, an alternative method to chemical control is required. In this study, C. capsici was isolated from a naturally infected chilli fruit (Capsicum frutescens), and a species of Trichoderma was isolated from the rhizosphere of grasses. Pure cultures of both fungi were established then used in antagonism studies in in vitro and in vivo. Dual culture of pathogens and Trichoderma sp. indicated that Trichoderma sp. competed with C. capsici for space and nutrients, caused the loss of turgidity of the fungal hyphae, and reduced the fungal growth by producing volatile metabolites. Trichoderma sp. decreased disease severity on chilli artificially inoculated fruits up to 64% when Trichoderma mycelial plug was used and 55% when culture filtrate was applied. Field trials are recommended to examine the antagonism of Trichoderma sp. in real production conditions. Keywords: Anthracnose, biological control, Colletotrichum capsici, Trichoderma sp.

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PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN DAN Trichoderma sp. Rifai. UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.) PADA BUAH PISANG CAVENDISH

Jurnal Agrotek Tropika ◽

10.23960/jat.v2i2.2087 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Fikriyah Shofiah Mawaddah ◽

Joko Prasetyo ◽

Muhammad Nurdin

Keyword(s):

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Culture Method ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Sp

Antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum gloeosporioides merupakan penyakit pascapanen penting pada buahbuahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. dalam menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur C. gloeosporioides secara in vitro dan mengetahui efektifitas kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. terhadap intensitas penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh C. gloeosporioides pada buah pisang cavendish. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung dari bulan Mei 2013 sampai dengan September 2013. Percobaan ini disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan, yaitu kontrol (P0), kitosan (P1), Trichoderma sp. (P2), kombinasi kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. (P3) dan fungisida mankozeb (P4). C. gloeosporioides diperoleh dari isolasi buah pisang yang bergejala antraknosa. Pengujian secara in vitro, perlakuan kitosan konsentrasi 0,75% dicampurkan ke dalam media potato sukrose agar, perlakuan Trichoderma sp. (dual culture method), perlakuan kombinasi kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. dengan mencampurkan kitosan pada media dan dikombinasikan dengan Trichoderma sp. (dual culture method) serta perlakuan fungisida mankozeb konsentrasi 0,1% dicampurkan ke dalam media. Metode tersebut juga digunakan untuk pengujian secara in vivo pada buah pisang. Hasil pengujian secara in vitro, perlakuan kitosan, Trichoderma sp. dan kombinasi kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. efektif menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur C. gloeosporioides. Pada uji in vivo, masing-masing perlakuan tidak efektif menghambat intensitas penyakit antraknosa.

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Screening of probiotics bacteria from coral reef using co-culture method for controlling vibriosis in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) larvae

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.10.174-182 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 174

Author(s):

Ade Dwi Sasanti ◽

Widanarni . ◽

Sukenda .

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Survival Rate ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Vibrio Harveyi ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Culture Method ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Tiger Shrimp

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to obtain bacteria isolates from coral reef using co-culture method which potentially inhibit Vibrio harveyi growth. A total of 110 isolates were isolated from Acropora sp., Merulina sp., Hystrix sp., Poecillophora sp., Porites sp., and Haliophora sp., and were screened for their antagonistic activity against V. harveyi in in vitro and in vivo test. Five candidate probiotics (5H1 candidate probiotics isolated from Acropora sp., 11I and 11G isolates isolated from Hystrix sp. and 13B and 13G1 isolates isolated from Poecillophora sp., was able to inhibit growth of V. harveyi MR5339 RFR up to 101‒102 cfu/mL. Two isolates (13B and 13G1) were not pathogenic at concentration 106 cfu/mL bacteria and could increase of survival rate of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) larvae in in vivo test. Survival rate of tiger shrimp larvae that treatment with 13B and 13G1 were 86,67% and 88,33%, and have a significant different with positive control (61,67%). Partial sequencing of 16S-rRNA showed that 13G1 isolate was similar to V. alginolyticus. Keywords: vibriosis, Vibrio harveyi, tiger shrimp, probiotic, coral reef ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bakteri probiotik asal terumbu karang dengan metode kultur bersama untuk pengendalian penyakit vibriosis pada larva udang windu (Penaeus monodon). Sebanyak 110 isolat berhasil diisolasi dari Acropora sp., Merulina sp., Hystrix sp., Poecillophora sp., Porites sp., dan Heliophora sp. dan dilakukan penapisan untuk melihat aktivitas kemampuannya melawan Vibrio harveyi MR 5339 RfR dalam uji in vitro dan in vivo. Sebanyak 56 isolat menghasilkan daya hambat terhadap V. harveyi MR5339 RfR pada metode kultur bersama. Lima isolat kandidat probiotik (isolate 5H1 diisolasi dari Acropora sp., isolat 11I dan 11G diisolasi dari Hystrix sp., serta isolat 13B dan 13G1 yang diisolasi dari Poecillophora sp.), mampu menekan pertumbuhan V. harveyi MR5339 RfR hingga 101–102 cfu/mL. Kedua isolat (13B dan 13G1) terbukti tidak bersifat patogen pada konsentrasi 106 cfu/mL dan mampu meningkatkan sintasan larva udang windu pada uji in vivo. Nilai sintasan larva pada perlakuan yang diberi kandidat probiotik 13B dan 13G1 berturut-turut adalah 86,67% dan 88,33%, namun berbeda nyata dengan kontrol positif (61,67%). Hasil analisis sekuen sebagian gen 16S-rRNA menunjukkan bahwa isolat 13G1 termasuk spesies V. algynoliticus. Kata kunci: vibriosis, Vibrio harveyi, udang windu, probiotik, terumbu karang

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Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Capcissum annum

Jurnal Biodjati ◽

10.15575/biodjati.v6i2.13191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 255-263

Author(s):

Indah Juwita Sari ◽

Indria Wahyuni ◽

Rida Oktorida Khastini ◽

Ewi Awaliyati ◽

Andriana Susilowati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Culture Method ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the potential bacteria to enhance of Capsicum annuum through inhabitation the growth of pathogenic fungi. This study aimed to characterize PGPR in chili plants (Capsicum annuum). PGPR was isolated from the soil habitat of the red chili plant in Cilegon, Indonesia. Screening was then carried out with the dual culture method on Petri dishes and tested through in vivo method on the red chili plant. The selected bacteria were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and physiologically. The results revealed that there were 14 single isolates of bacteria from the roots of the red chili plants. The five single bacterial isolates, namely Azostobacter, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Beijerinckia have good potential as PGPR based on multiple culture screening by producing clear zones and positively effect the growth of chili plants.

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Potency of Endophyte Microbes as an Antagonistic Agent for Colletotrichum capsici Causes Anthracnose Disease in Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frustescens)

el–Hayah ◽

10.18860/elha.v6i3.5804 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 104-111

Author(s):

Zahroul Afifah ◽

Ulfah Utami

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Culture Media ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Negative Control ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Colletotrichum Capsici ◽

Trichoderma Sp

Background: An anthracnose disease caused by pathogenic fungal Colletotrichum capsici has been attacking the cayenne plants either harvested or has not been harvested. This disease must be handled appropriately and quickly because it can reduce the production of chili up to 90%. Recently, anthracnose disease prevention still use chemical fungicide that if applied for long time will cause new impact for environment. Objective: Trichoderma and Bacillus cereus endophytes may be used as antagonistic agents for C. capsici pathogens because they have various antibiotic compounds. Methods: This research uses experimental method. The stages of this study include sterilization of tools and materials, preparation of culture media of fungal and bacteria, rejuvenation of endophytic microbe culture Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus cereus, rejuvenation of C. capsici pathogen, antagonistic test in vitro using dual culture method. Result and conclusion: The results of in vitro antagonistic tests showed that inhibition percentage of Trichoderma treatment (96%) and combination treatment Trichoderma and B. cereus (97%) is not significantly different. While in B. cereus treatment (11, 88%) significantly different with all of treatments. Endophytes are shown by its dominating growth in petri dishes than C. capsici pathogen or B. cereus endophytes. Furthermore,for endophytes Trichoderma sp continued on in vivo test because it was most effective.The result for incubation period is 3 days after inoculation compared with negative control 2 days. For disease incidence 100%, and for disease intensity that is 61,25% compared with negative control equal to 88,75%.

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