Finance, gender, and entrepreneurship: India’s informal sector firms

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.35188/unu-wider/2020/901-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ira N. Gang ◽

Rajesh Raj Natarajan ◽

Kunal Sen

Keyword(s):

Informal Sector ◽

Economic Activity ◽

National Sample ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

Alternative Measures

How does informal economic activity respond to increased financial inclusion? Does it become more entrepreneurial? Does access to new financing options change the gender configuration of informal economic activity and, if so, in what ways and what directions? We take advantage of nationwide data collected in 2010/11 and 2015/16 by India’s National Sample Survey Office on unorganized (informal) enterprises. This period was one of rapid expansion of banking availability aimed particularly at the unbanked, under-banked, and women. We find strong empirical evidence supporting the crucial role of financial access in promoting entrepreneurship among informal sector firms in India. Our results are robust to alternative specifications and alternative measures of financial constraints using an approach combining propensity score matching and difference-in-differences. However, we do not find conclusive evidence that increased financial inclusion leads to a higher likelihood of women becoming entrepreneurs than men in the informal sector.

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Women Entrepreneurship

Women Entrepreneurs and Strategic Decision Making in the Global Economy - Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7479-8.ch006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 99-118

Author(s):

Prachita A. Patil ◽

Yogesh M. Deshpande

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

National Sample ◽

The State ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Female Entrepreneurs ◽

National Sample Survey ◽

Leading Role ◽

National Sample Survey Organization ◽

State Of Mind

According to the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), not more than 14% of business establishments are run by female entrepreneurs in India, especially in rural areas. Entrepreneurship is not an easy step for women. It was traditionally considered as a man's bastion, but now with the due course of time, women are coming in the limelight to fulfil their aspiration as it is a fruitful opportunity where educated or illiterates can do wonders to achieve their dreams. Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every woman has in her but has not been capitalized in India in a way it should have been. With the drastic change in modernization, people are more comfortable to accept the leading role of women in society, with some exceptions.

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Women Entrepreneurship

Research Anthology on Challenges for Women in Leadership Roles ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-8592-4.ch003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 36-56

Author(s):

Prachita A. Patil ◽

Yogesh M. Deshpande

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

National Sample ◽

The State ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Female Entrepreneurs ◽

National Sample Survey ◽

Leading Role ◽

National Sample Survey Organization ◽

State Of Mind

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The Role of Socio-Economic Inequality in Physical Immobility Among Older Adults: Did the Scenario Changed from 2004-05 to 2017-18?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-54744/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shobhit Srivast ◽

Ratna Patel ◽

Shekhar Chauhan ◽

Pradeep Kumar ◽

Preeti Dhillon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Living Arrangement ◽

Economic Inequality ◽

National Sample ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Wealth Status ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background: Despite declining overall growth rate of the population across the world, the number of older adults is rising. To understand the needs and problems faced by older adults, it is imperative to understand the demographic and socio-economic conditions of the individuals. On these lines, physical immobility among older adults is attributed to various risk factors. The living arrangement is found to be one of the critical risk factors along with economic dependency in explaining physical immobility among older adults in India. Therefore, this study is an attempt to explore the role of socio-economic inequality in physical immobility among older adults in India. Methods: This study utilized 60th and 75th rounds of data from the National Sample Survey conducted in 2004-05 and 2017-18, with a sample size of 34,831 and 42,762 older adults aged 60 and above, respectively. Further, the study decomposes the concentration index using regression-based decomposition technique to understand the relative contribution of various socio-economic factors to the physical immobility of older adults.Results: Result found a decline of 0.6 points in the prevalence of physical immobility from 2004-05 to 2017-18. The sharpest increase was observed in Puducherry (9.9%) followed by Chandigarh (7.6%), and decline was witnessed in Nagaland (9.2%) followed by Lakshadweep (6.4%) and Delhi (5.3%). Physical immobility was more concentrated among well-off older adults in 2017-18 as compared to in 2004-05. Living alone, chronic diseases, and rich wealth status contributed significantly to explaining the observed socio-economic inequality in physical immobility.Conclusions: Based on the observations made on the socio-economic inequality in physical immobility among older adults in India, some health interventions are required to cater to the needs of older adults.

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Co-location of Formal and Informal Manufacturing and Firm’s Performance: Evidence from India

The Indian Economic Journal ◽

10.1177/00194662211040142 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001946622110401

Author(s):

Renjith Ramachandran ◽

Subash Sasidharan

Keyword(s):

Informal Sector ◽

Positive Impact ◽

National Sample ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Formal Sector ◽

Manufacturing Plants ◽

Annual Survey ◽

Level Data ◽

Plant Level ◽

The Impact

This study analyses the impact of co-location between formal and informal manufacturing sectors on plant-level productivity. We employ a unique data obtained by merging plant-level data from Annual Survey of Industries (ASI 2011–2012) and Survey of Unorganised Manufacturing and Repairing Enterprises provided by National Sample Survey Office (NSSO 67th round). We find that formal and informal manufacturing plants gain from localisation. Further, co-location with informal enterprises has a positive impact on productivity of formal sector plants; however, we observe insignificant impact of co-location on informal sector enterprises. Additionally, we find evidence that informal sector enterprises benefit from industrially diversified regions. JEL Classifications: D24, R12, R3

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Youth Labour Market in India

Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage - International Perspectives on the Youth Labor Market ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2779-5.ch009 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 172-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nitin Bisht ◽

Falguni Pattanaik

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

National Sample ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Gainful Employment ◽

Youth Labour Market ◽

Sample Survey Data ◽

Development Goals ◽

Key Indicators ◽

Youth Labour

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 prioritizes active engagement of youth in achieving the targets. Aligning the pathway towards achieving youth specific SDGs (Target 4.4 and 8.5), the study examines the current situation of the youth labour market in India. For this purpose, the study analyzes National Sample Survey data on employment and unemployment from 50th round (1993/94) to 68th round (2011/12). The study engages trend analysis of key indicators of labour market. Logistic regression is applied to address the magnitude of socio-economic and demographic determinants on youth employment. The study finds an overall decline in the employment status of youth despite the ongoing demographic dividend phase. Postgraduate and graduate youth witness the highest unemployment indicating a grim role of labour market in engaging the educated youth. The findings raise concern for achieving the targets of SDGs, as a high share of educated youth strives for decent and gainful employment.

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Role of Livestock Farming in Meeting Livelihood Challenges of SC Cultivators in India

Indian Journal of Human Development ◽

10.1177/0973703020923863 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 23-41

Author(s):

Anupam Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Economic Activity ◽

Rural Livelihoods ◽

National Sample ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Livestock Sector ◽

Level Data ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Caste Groups

Diversification of income and employment portfolio is crucial for sustainable rural livelihoods. Livestock sector can play an important role in poverty alleviation, income enhancement and risk reduction for poor rural households. Livestock is one of the fastest-growing subsectors of agriculture and allied activities. Dalit or Scheduled Caste (SC) households, being at the lowest rung of social strata, is one of the most socially marginalised, resource-poor and economically vulnerable groups in India. Although livestock farming is often cited as a viable option for the growth of household income, there has been very little study on the participation of Dalit households in the livestock sector—the particular constraints and challenges they face vis-à-vis other caste groups. This article uses unit-level data from different surveys of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) to explore the specific challenges and opportunities faced by Dalit households in successful diversification of their income portfolio to include livestock as an alternative economic activity. The article argues that despite the recent boom in livestock sector (especially in dairy) there is very little evidence that the SC households could take up this as a major economic activity. A lack of access to land, livestock resources and good marketing opportunities for SC cultivators stand in the way to a more successful diversification to livestock activities.

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Planning for a COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign: The Role of Social Norms, Trust, Knowledge, and Vaccine Attitudes

10.31234/osf.io/q8mz6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jagadish Thaker

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Social Norms ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

National Sample ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Health Campaigns

Building public trust and willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 is as important as developing a safe and effective vaccine to contain the pandemic. Based on the theory of normative social behavior, trust, and the theory of planned behavior, this study tests a comprehensive model for COVID-19 vaccine intentions using a national sample survey of the New Zealand public (N=1040). Among the factors assessed in the study, attitudes towards vaccine was most strongly associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions, followed by trust in mass media, and social norms. While COVID-19 knowledge was associated with COVID-19 vaccine intention, it was not associated with willingness to pay or get on a COVID-19 vaccine list. In contrast, communication competence was not associated with COVID-19 vaccine intention but was significantly associated with willingness to pay or get on a COVID-19 vaccine list. Findings can help inform theory and practice of health campaigns to fight vaccine disinformation and increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake, when available.

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World Economic Crisis as a Process of Substitution of Technological Modes

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2009-3-26-38 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 26-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. Glaziev

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Sharp Increase ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Long Wave ◽

The World ◽

World Economic ◽

Technological Mode ◽

World Economic Crisis

The article analyzes fundamental reasons for the world economic crisis in the light of global technological shifts. It proves that it is caused by the substitution of technological modes. It is shown that sharp increase and slump in stock indices and prices for energy resources are typical of the process of technological substitution which occurs regularly according to the rhythm of long-wave fluctuations of the world economic activity. The article rationalizes a package of anti-crisis measures aimed at stimulating the new technological mode. Its structure and role of the locomotive factor of the new long wave of economic growth are revealed.

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