scholarly journals Planning for a COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign: The Role of Social Norms, Trust, Knowledge, and Vaccine Attitudes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadish Thaker
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Health Campaigns

Building public trust and willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 is as important as developing a safe and effective vaccine to contain the pandemic. Based on the theory of normative social behavior, trust, and the theory of planned behavior, this study tests a comprehensive model for COVID-19 vaccine intentions using a national sample survey of the New Zealand public (N=1040). Among the factors assessed in the study, attitudes towards vaccine was most strongly associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions, followed by trust in mass media, and social norms. While COVID-19 knowledge was associated with COVID-19 vaccine intention, it was not associated with willingness to pay or get on a COVID-19 vaccine list. In contrast, communication competence was not associated with COVID-19 vaccine intention but was significantly associated with willingness to pay or get on a COVID-19 vaccine list. Findings can help inform theory and practice of health campaigns to fight vaccine disinformation and increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake, when available.

Women Entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Prachita A. Patil ◽  
Yogesh M. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Sample ◽  
The State ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
National Sample Survey ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
National Sample Survey Organization ◽  
State Of Mind

According to the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), not more than 14% of business establishments are run by female entrepreneurs in India, especially in rural areas. Entrepreneurship is not an easy step for women. It was traditionally considered as a man's bastion, but now with the due course of time, women are coming in the limelight to fulfil their aspiration as it is a fruitful opportunity where educated or illiterates can do wonders to achieve their dreams. Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every woman has in her but has not been capitalized in India in a way it should have been. With the drastic change in modernization, people are more comfortable to accept the leading role of women in society, with some exceptions.

Women Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-56
Author(s):  
Prachita A. Patil ◽  
Yogesh M. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Sample ◽  
The State ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
National Sample Survey ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
National Sample Survey Organization ◽  
State Of Mind

According to the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), not more than 14% of business establishments are run by female entrepreneurs in India, especially in rural areas. Entrepreneurship is not an easy step for women. It was traditionally considered as a man's bastion, but now with the due course of time, women are coming in the limelight to fulfil their aspiration as it is a fruitful opportunity where educated or illiterates can do wonders to achieve their dreams. Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every woman has in her but has not been capitalized in India in a way it should have been. With the drastic change in modernization, people are more comfortable to accept the leading role of women in society, with some exceptions.

scholarly journals An ethical comparison of living kidney donation and surrogacy: understanding the relational dimension

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Beier ◽  
Sabine Wöhlke
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Kidney Donation ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Living Kidney Donation ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Commercial Exchange ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background The bioethical debates concerning living donation and surrogacy revolve around similar ethical questions and moral concepts. Nevertheless, the ethical discourses in both fields grew largely isolated from each other. Methods Based on a review of ethical, sociological and anthropological research this paper aims to link the ethical discourses on living kidney donation and surrogacy by providing a comparative analysis of the two practices’ relational dimension with regard to three aspects, i.e. the normative role of relational dynamics, social norms and gender roles, and reciprocity. Based on this analysis, we derive conclusions for the framing of living organ donation and surrogacy in ethical theory and practice. Results First, our analysis emphasizes the relevance of acknowledging the complex relational implications of living kidney donation and surrogacy. Underestimating this relational dimension may not only lead to individual crises but endanger existing as well as newly emerging familial relationships. Second, we point out differences in the normative assessment of social norms and gender roles in the ethical debates about living kidney donation and surrogacy. In particular, we show how different evaluations of altruism affect the understanding of autonomy in both contexts. In addition, we sensitize for biased perceptions of gender roles. Finally, we argue that challenges resulting from unresolved reciprocity are an issue in living kidney donation and surrogacy independent of whether the exchange of body parts or bodily services is framed as a gift or commercial exchange. By pointing out the limits of financial compensation, we stress the relevance of non-material, relational rewards as potential remedy.

Online media use and HPV vaccination intentions in mainland China: integrating marketing and communication perspectives to improve public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guolan Yang ◽  
Jessica Gall Myrick
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination

Abstract This study investigates the role of media in shaping human papilloma virus vaccination intentions in mainland China by applying both communication and marketing-focused theoretical frameworks in order to better understand ways to increase vaccine uptake across young men and women in China. An online survey (N = 359) revealed direct effects of online information consumption on perceived scarcity of the vaccine, as well as an indirect effect via perceived influence of media on others. Scarcity perceptions, in turn, predicted vaccine attitudes and behavioral intentions. Additionally, gender differences emerged in the data. Compared with women, men’s intent to be vaccinated were not high, even if they realized the vaccine shortage. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Effect of Social Media Marketing and eWOM on Willingness to Pay in the Etailing: Mediating Role of Brand Equity and Brand Identity

2021 ◽  
pp. 227853372110249
Author(s):  
Milad Farzin ◽  
Marzie Sadeghi ◽  
Majid Fattahi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Eghbal
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Brand Identity ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
Electronic Word Of Mouth ◽  
Mediating Role

The spread of social media has created a new era for companies and brands and forcing them to explore new interactive ways to achieve and engage their consumers. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of social media marketing and electronic word-of-mouth on consumers' willingness to pay a premium due to the mediating role of brand equity and brand identity. The data were collected through a survey by simple random sampling method. Questionnaires were distributed among people who had experience in buying leather products from social networks. Structural equation modeling technique was applied to test the research hypotheses. The results exposed the process that transforms social media marketing and electronic word-of-mouth to the willingness to pay a premium. Moreover, the findings showed that electronic word-of-mouth can indirectly affect consumer behavioral responses through brand equity and brand identity and also have a direct impact on consumer decisions such as willingness to pay a premium. The study has important implications for both theory and practice. This insight could be utilized by marketers and advertisers in the formulation and implementation of effective and coherent marketing and advertising strategies.

scholarly journals The Role of Socio-Economic Inequality in Physical Immobility Among Older Adults: Did the Scenario Changed from 2004-05 to 2017-18?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhit Srivast ◽  
Ratna Patel ◽  
Shekhar Chauhan ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Preeti Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background: Despite declining overall growth rate of the population across the world, the number of older adults is rising. To understand the needs and problems faced by older adults, it is imperative to understand the demographic and socio-economic conditions of the individuals. On these lines, physical immobility among older adults is attributed to various risk factors. The living arrangement is found to be one of the critical risk factors along with economic dependency in explaining physical immobility among older adults in India. Therefore, this study is an attempt to explore the role of socio-economic inequality in physical immobility among older adults in India. Methods: This study utilized 60th and 75th rounds of data from the National Sample Survey conducted in 2004-05 and 2017-18, with a sample size of 34,831 and 42,762 older adults aged 60 and above, respectively. Further, the study decomposes the concentration index using regression-based decomposition technique to understand the relative contribution of various socio-economic factors to the physical immobility of older adults.Results: Result found a decline of 0.6 points in the prevalence of physical immobility from 2004-05 to 2017-18. The sharpest increase was observed in Puducherry (9.9%) followed by Chandigarh (7.6%), and decline was witnessed in Nagaland (9.2%) followed by Lakshadweep (6.4%) and Delhi (5.3%). Physical immobility was more concentrated among well-off older adults in 2017-18 as compared to in 2004-05. Living alone, chronic diseases, and rich wealth status contributed significantly to explaining the observed socio-economic inequality in physical immobility.Conclusions: Based on the observations made on the socio-economic inequality in physical immobility among older adults in India, some health interventions are required to cater to the needs of older adults.

scholarly journals Finance, gender, and entrepreneurship: India’s informal sector firms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira N. Gang ◽  
Rajesh Raj Natarajan ◽  
Kunal Sen
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Alternative Measures

How does informal economic activity respond to increased financial inclusion? Does it become more entrepreneurial? Does access to new financing options change the gender configuration of informal economic activity and, if so, in what ways and what directions? We take advantage of nationwide data collected in 2010/11 and 2015/16 by India’s National Sample Survey Office on unorganized (informal) enterprises. This period was one of rapid expansion of banking availability aimed particularly at the unbanked, under-banked, and women. We find strong empirical evidence supporting the crucial role of financial access in promoting entrepreneurship among informal sector firms in India. Our results are robust to alternative specifications and alternative measures of financial constraints using an approach combining propensity score matching and difference-in-differences. However, we do not find conclusive evidence that increased financial inclusion leads to a higher likelihood of women becoming entrepreneurs than men in the informal sector.

scholarly journals The Persistence of Vaccine Hesitancy: COVID-19 Vaccination Intention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadish Thaker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Communication Campaign ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractBuilding public trust and willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 is as important as developing an effective vaccine. However, a significant minority of the public are unwilling or hesitant to take a COVID-19 vaccine, when available. A nationally representative sample survey (N=1040) was conducted in July 2020 in New Zealand to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine intention. Trust in experts and general vaccine hesitancy were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine intention. A communication campaign from trusted scientific experts, with information that addresses prevailing concerns about vaccines, is likely to help increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Youth Labour Market in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Bisht ◽  
Falguni Pattanaik
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Sample Survey Data ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Youth Labour

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 prioritizes active engagement of youth in achieving the targets. Aligning the pathway towards achieving youth specific SDGs (Target 4.4 and 8.5), the study examines the current situation of the youth labour market in India. For this purpose, the study analyzes National Sample Survey data on employment and unemployment from 50th round (1993/94) to 68th round (2011/12). The study engages trend analysis of key indicators of labour market. Logistic regression is applied to address the magnitude of socio-economic and demographic determinants on youth employment. The study finds an overall decline in the employment status of youth despite the ongoing demographic dividend phase. Postgraduate and graduate youth witness the highest unemployment indicating a grim role of labour market in engaging the educated youth. The findings raise concern for achieving the targets of SDGs, as a high share of educated youth strives for decent and gainful employment.

scholarly journals Fearing the Disease or the Vaccine: The Case of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Karlsson ◽  
Anna Soveri ◽  
Stephan Lewandowsky ◽  
Linnea Karlsson ◽  
Hasse Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Disease Risks ◽  
Potential Vaccine

Objective: As COVID-19 continues to spread, researchers are working to develop a safe and effective vaccine. The success of an approved vaccine in stopping or slowing the pandemic will ultimately depend on the public’s acceptance of it. As studies indicate that people perceive COVID-19 as a threatening disease, the demand for a vaccine could be expected to be high. However, vaccine safety concerns might still outweigh the perceived disease risks in a decision to vaccinate against COVID-19. In the present paper, the role of perceived risk of COVID-19 (i.e., perceived likelihood of infection, perceived disease severity, and disease-related worry) and trust in the safety of a prospective vaccine against COVID-19 in predicting intentions to accept a COVID-19 vaccine was investigated. Methods: Three Finnish samples were surveyed: 856 parents of small children, 205 individuals living in an area with suboptimal vaccination coverage, and 1,325 Facebook users nationwide. As points of reference, we compared the perceptions of COVID-19 to those of influenza and measles. Results: COVID-19 was perceived as a threatening disease—more so than influenza and measles. The strongest predictor of COVID-19 vaccination intentions was trusting the safety of the potential vaccine. Those perceiving COVID-19 as a severe disease were also slightly more intent on taking a COVID-19 vaccine.Conclusions: If a vaccine against COVID-19 is successfully developed, assuring the public that the vaccine is safe should be the focus for health authorities aiming to achieve a high vaccine uptake.

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