Role of Livestock Farming in Meeting Livelihood Challenges of SC Cultivators in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Anupam Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Caste Groups

Diversification of income and employment portfolio is crucial for sustainable rural livelihoods. Livestock sector can play an important role in poverty alleviation, income enhancement and risk reduction for poor rural households. Livestock is one of the fastest-growing subsectors of agriculture and allied activities. Dalit or Scheduled Caste (SC) households, being at the lowest rung of social strata, is one of the most socially marginalised, resource-poor and economically vulnerable groups in India. Although livestock farming is often cited as a viable option for the growth of household income, there has been very little study on the participation of Dalit households in the livestock sector—the particular constraints and challenges they face vis-à-vis other caste groups. This article uses unit-level data from different surveys of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) to explore the specific challenges and opportunities faced by Dalit households in successful diversification of their income portfolio to include livestock as an alternative economic activity. The article argues that despite the recent boom in livestock sector (especially in dairy) there is very little evidence that the SC households could take up this as a major economic activity. A lack of access to land, livestock resources and good marketing opportunities for SC cultivators stand in the way to a more successful diversification to livestock activities.

scholarly journals Gender Stereotypes in Occupational Pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Neha Verma
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Employment Patterns ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Men Workers

The paper hypothesizes to examine the ‘Exclusion’ phenomenon for women workers in Indian labour market through gendered occupational segregation and ‘Inclusion’ of women in low productivity and low skilled jobs as a result of adverse incorporation based on stereotypes and discriminatory practices prevalent in the society. The gendered division of work space in Indian economy is evident from the disaggregated study of occupational employment patterns and relative educational qualification of employed men and women. The National Sample Survey (NSS) Employment-Unemployment unit level data (68th Round, 2011-12) is used for the analysis. It is observed that women employment in low productivity jobs is partially a result of their low education level as compared to men workers. However, this is only a part of the answer and the circle of low productivity jobs and low education levels of women is nurtured by the stereotypical foundations of the patriarchal system.

The effect of the National Birth Defects Intervention Project on the prevention of congenital disabilities among children in China: a natural experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-714
Author(s):  
Chao Guo ◽  
Xiaoying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Congenital Disability

AbstractMost childhood disabilities are caused by congenital factors such as birth defects. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of periconceptional nutrition intervention on the prevention of congenital disability among Chinese children using the National Birth Defects Intervention Project as a natural experiment. We obtained individual-level data from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability, a nationally representative survey, and 110 365 children born between September 1999 and August 2003 were included for analysis. Difference-in-differences estimates of the project effects on congenital disability were captured by exploiting temporal variation in the timing of project exposure across four birth cohorts along with geographical variation in project category at the province level. The findings contribute to an emerging body of evidence showing that prenatal micronutrient intervention before and during early pregnancy could substantially reduce the risk of congenital disability in childhood (OR 0·73; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·94). The National Birth Defects Intervention Project improved the awareness of reproductive health and disability prevention in the population. It highlights the need for a potential policy change focusing on early-life health investment in China.

scholarly journals Right to Education Act: Universalisation or Entrenched Exclusion?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Kumar ◽  
Sudheer Kumar Shukla ◽  
Mary Panmei ◽  
Vir Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Education Act ◽  
The Government

Right to Education (RTE) Act is intended to provide free and compulsory elementary education to all children aged 6–14 years. This article examines key constituents of elementary education in view of the RTE Act such as current attendance rate, types of institutions, medium of instruction, neighbourhood schools, Monthly per capita expenditure on elementary education (MPCEE)and incentives during pre- and post-RTE period using National Sample Survey Organisation’s 64th (2007–2008) and 71st (2014) round of unit level data. The result shows that far from the universalisation, exclusion is getting entrenched across gender, sector, and socio-religious and economic groups. Female children, children from deprived socio-religious groups, rural areas and from the bottom MPCE quintile have not only fared lower in most of the studied parameters during the pre-RTE period, but the gap from their counterpart has widened immensely during the post-RTE period. Free education has declined and monthly per capita expenditure on elementary education has increased sharply. Children are moving out of the government to private schools. The findings raise serious questions on the intention of the government to fulfil its mandate under RTE.

Caste and Class

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-151
Author(s):  
Bharti Nandwani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Caste Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This article revisits the question of intersection of caste and class in India by employing the concept of cross-cuttingness. Using five rounds of the National Sample Survey, we find that disadvantaged groups are heavily concentrated in the lower economic class category and this pattern has changed only marginally over time. Results also show that disadvantaged castes possess smaller landholdings and mainly reside in rural areas, which offer less economic opportunities as compared to urban. These findings point that for some caste groups in India access to economic opportunities is still correlated with their caste, even after decades of affirmative action. However, an encouraging finding is that the impact of caste on education outcomes is progressively falling over time. This has the potential to lower the influence of caste on the attainment of future economic opportunities.

scholarly journals Spread of Traditional Medicines in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Srinivasan ◽  
V. Raji Sugumar
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
National Sample Survey Organization ◽  
Level Data ◽  
First Time

For the first time, we have a comprehensive database on usage of AYUSH (acronym for Ayurveda, naturopathy and Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) in India at the household level. This article aims at exploring the spread of the traditional medical systems in India and the perceptions of people on the access and effectiveness of these medical systems using this database. The article uses the unit level data purchased from the National Sample Survey Organization, New Delhi. Household is the basic unit of survey and the data are the collective opinion of the household. This survey shows that less than 30% of Indian households use the traditional medical systems. There is also a regional pattern in the usage of particular type of traditional medicine, reflecting the regional aspects of the development of such medical systems. The strong faith in AYUSH is the main reason for its usage; lack of need for AYUSH and lack of awareness about AYUSH are the main reasons for not using it. With regard to source of medicines in the traditional medical systems, home is the main source in the Indian medical system and private sector is the main source in Homeopathy. This shows that there is need for creating awareness and improving access to traditional medical systems in India. By and large, the users of AYUSH are also convinced about the effectiveness of these traditional medicines.

scholarly journals Finance, gender, and entrepreneurship: India’s informal sector firms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira N. Gang ◽  
Rajesh Raj Natarajan ◽  
Kunal Sen
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Alternative Measures

How does informal economic activity respond to increased financial inclusion? Does it become more entrepreneurial? Does access to new financing options change the gender configuration of informal economic activity and, if so, in what ways and what directions? We take advantage of nationwide data collected in 2010/11 and 2015/16 by India’s National Sample Survey Office on unorganized (informal) enterprises. This period was one of rapid expansion of banking availability aimed particularly at the unbanked, under-banked, and women. We find strong empirical evidence supporting the crucial role of financial access in promoting entrepreneurship among informal sector firms in India. Our results are robust to alternative specifications and alternative measures of financial constraints using an approach combining propensity score matching and difference-in-differences. However, we do not find conclusive evidence that increased financial inclusion leads to a higher likelihood of women becoming entrepreneurs than men in the informal sector.

scholarly journals Co-location of Formal and Informal Manufacturing and Firm’s Performance: Evidence from India

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110401
Author(s):  
Renjith Ramachandran ◽  
Subash Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact

This study analyses the impact of co-location between formal and informal manufacturing sectors on plant-level productivity. We employ a unique data obtained by merging plant-level data from Annual Survey of Industries (ASI 2011–2012) and Survey of Unorganised Manufacturing and Repairing Enterprises provided by National Sample Survey Office (NSSO 67th round). We find that formal and informal manufacturing plants gain from localisation. Further, co-location with informal enterprises has a positive impact on productivity of formal sector plants; however, we observe insignificant impact of co-location on informal sector enterprises. Additionally, we find evidence that informal sector enterprises benefit from industrially diversified regions. JEL Classifications: D24, R12, R3

Treatment with Respect to Medical Advice before and after Hospitalization in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-266
Author(s):  
Mukesh ◽  
Mohita Gupta ◽  
Raj Kishore Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Family Members ◽  
State Level ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Very High

This article provides an overview of treatment on medical advice before and after hospitalization in India, using the unit-level data of Social Consumption on Health collected by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). The survey began in January 2014 and concluded in June 2014. The authors have used two approaches to analyse the details in the article at an all-India level and also at the state level. In the first approach, discussion about medical advice for treatment before and after the hospitalization of family members has been initiated based on the descriptive analysis. In the second approach, a logistic regression analysis has been done to get the idea about the factors influencing the same. The analysis reveals that a very high percentage of hospitalized family members were not treated on medical advice before hospitalization in India. However, an improved approach towards treatment on medical advice after hospitalization has been observed. The chunk which did not get treated or did not carry out treatment needs to be identified and focused upon to improve the overall health environment of India.

A sociological study of patterns and determinants of child labour in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barsa Priyadarsinee Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the patterns and incidence of child labour in India and to examine the magnitude of child labour across different social groups. It analyses the impact of the socio-economic background of the children on their participation in the labour market. Design/methodology/approach The paper primarily relies on the data collected from secondary sources. The census of India data and the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) 66th round data (2009–2010) on employment and unemployment in India for the study. The dependent variable on child labour has been computed by the author for the analysis in the paper. Findings The findings of the paper suggest that poverty is not the only determinant of child labour, but gender and caste of a person is also a significant factor for child labour. The study found that children from lower-caste backgrounds in India seem to participate more in the labour market. In terms of gender, the study found that boys are more likely to engage in economic activities or paid jobs while girls are more likely to engage in household activities. Originality/value Data used in this paper has been extracted by the author from unit level data provided by NSSO. The variables used for the analysis in the presented paper has been constructed by the author and the figures provided are the result of the author’s estimation on data.

Inclusiveness of Poverty Reduction: A Study of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110635
Author(s):  
Priyabrata Sahoo ◽  
Kalandi Charan Pradhan ◽  
Tapaswini Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Level Data

This study examines the inclusiveness of poverty reduction among the newly formed states of undivided Andhra Pradesh by looking into the poverty among the different socio-religious groups both in the rural and urban regions during the 2000’s. The major proposition that has highlighted in this study: which socio-religious groups are more poverty ridden in the undivided Andhra Pradesh and its bifurcated states (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana)? The National Sample Survey Organisation unit level data (61st and 68th rounds) on Consumption Expenditure Survey have been used for the analysis. The result reveals that Telangana is having lower poverty level than Andhra Pradesh and records a faster reduction in poverty during 2004–2005 to 2011–2012. Andhra Pradesh constitutes around 70% of the total poor of the undivided Andhra Pradesh. This study found that most of the Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes among the social groups and Muslims among the religious groups are more vulnerable and having higher head count ratio than the state average. Although several welfare programmes and schemes have already been implemented to eradicate poverty and inequality, still it is not effective in the ground level. Based on this argument, our study suggests that the schemes should focus on different sections of the people irrespective of rural and urban sectors in both the recently bifurcated states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. JEL Codes: I 32, D 63, P 25

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