DIAGNOSTIC VIDEO MICROSCOPE FOR ESTIMATING THE STATE OF MICROCIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD USING COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
G.B. Nazarenko ◽  
T.S. Heilo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
The State ◽  
Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Blood Microcirculation ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Video Microscope ◽  
The Right

A method for diagnosing and monitoring the blood microcirculation state has been developed, including the use of the specially developed and registered for clinical use of the device OKO Capillaroscope for non-invasive non-contact video recording under a large increase in blood flow in the microvessels of the bulbar conjunctiva of the human eye using special software that allows: to measure the speed of red blood cells in individual arterioles, venules and in the main preferred channels; to fix in the microvessels the possible presence of sludge syndrome, stasis of the erythrocyte movement; to evaluate the number and shape of capillaries, the presence of arteriolar-venular anastomoses, the identity of blood flow in the microvessels of the conjunctiva in the right and left eyes; measure arteriole diameters and venules. The method is aimed at a clinical study of the parameters of the microcirculation of the conjunctiva at rest, which allows extrapolating the recorded parameters of the intravascular (rheological) part of the microcirculation system to the state of the microhemodynamics of the whole organism, which reflects the state of general homeostasis. The method can be applied to control and monitor the general condition of a person or patient in any research in experimental, sports or therapeutic purposes, since the determined digital parameters of microcirculation allow to assess the general condition of a person, the response to physical activity and predict the development of any general or local degenerative changes in the patient’s body.

QUALITY CONTROL OF THERAPY WITH THE USE OF CAPILLARIUM BULBAR CONJUNCTION

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
G.B. Nazarenko ◽  
T.S. Heilo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The State ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Special Software ◽  
The Right

A method for diagnosing and monitoring the patient’s general condition has been developed, including the use of the specially developed and registered for clinical use of the device OKO Capillaroscope for non-invasive, non-contact video recording under a large increase in blood flow in the human bulbar conjunctival microvessels using special software that allows: measuring movement speed erythrocytes in individual arterioles, venules, and in the main preferred channels; to fix in microvessels the possible presence of sludge syndrome, stasis of the erythrocyte movement; to assess the number and shape of capillaries, the presence of arteriolar-venular anastomoses, the identity of blood flow in the microvessels of the conjunctiva in the right and left eye; measure arteriole diameters and venules. The method is aimed at a clinical study of the parameters of the microcirculation of the conjunctiva at rest, which allows extrapolating the recorded parameters of the intravascular (rheological) part of the microcirculation system to the state of the microhemodynamics of the whole organism, which reflects the state of general homeostasis. The method can be applied to control and monitor the general condition of a person or patient in any research in experimental, sports or therapeutic purposes, since the determined digital parameters of microcirculation allow to assess the general condition of a person, the response to physical exertion and evaluate the completeness and completeness of therapeutic treatment in various pathologies due to somatic or local degenerative changes in the patient’s body.

FEATURES OF CAPILLARY BLOOD FLOW IN PATIENTS WITH PATHOLOGY OF INTRANASAL STRUCTURES AND NASAL BREATHING DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
N. O. Shushliapina ◽  
O. Ye. Cherniakova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
The State ◽  
Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Capillary Circulation

The investigation of the vascular microcirculation system is important for diagnosis, assessment of the severity and nature of pathological processes in human body, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. Monitoring the state of microcirculation in impaired respiratory function of the nose helps to study the subtle mechanisms of regulation of vascular−tissue relations. To do this, there were used the biomicroscopic methods to study capillary blood flow, one of the most relevant and promising is optical capillaroscopy of the nail bed. This method makes it possible to identify at the evidence level the peculiarities of the functioning of the peripheral circulatory system by the state of the capillary system and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment by the rheological properties of blood in hematological practice. There were examined 145 patients by means of computer capillaroscopy to study the rate of capillary circulation in the patients with pathology of intranasal structures and nasal breathing disorders. All patients underwent a complete clinical examination, routine instrumental examinations, and computer capillaroscopy using a video capillaroscope with a visual magnification of up to 550 times. The obtained images were stored and processed according to a special software. During the characterization of the capillaroscopic picture there were evaluated: pathological tortuosity, change in the caliber of arterioles and venules, disorganization of the capillary network, the number of functioning capillaries. Changes in the speed and nature of capillary blood flow (accelerated, slow, stasis) were observed. The optical capillaroscopy method allows not only to visually assess the condition of microvessels, but also to determine such an important parameter as blood circulation, actually, it can replace the study of laser Doppler. Such data will be important in the diagnosis of respiratory and olfactory disorders and the formation of adequate tactics for their treatment. Key words: microcirculation, microcirculatory tract, capillary circulation, nasal obstruction, nasal breathing disorders, pathology of intranasal structures, computer capillaroscopy.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE CONCLUSIONS OF «SCIENTIFIC JUDGES» IN THE PRACTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
N. Akhtyrska
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Case File ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Right

The article, based on an analysis of judicial and investigative practices, highlighted the complex issues relating to the legal status of an expert and a specialist, ensuring their independence, evaluating and using the conclusions of an expert and a specialist by the court in strict compliance with and ensuring the principle of equality of the parties in the criminal process. The defense has the right to request the cross-examination of the expert, regardless of whether he was questioned at the pre-trial investigation stage. This does not exclude the possibility of using the previous testimony in court (protocol, audio, video recording), but only for the purpose of establishing contradictions. Refusal to satisfy the petition is a violation of the Convention requirements for a fair trial and equality of the parties. A tacit refusal of any guarantee of justice is not excluded, but at the same time, the existence of such a refusal must be proved «unequivocally». The court is obliged to accept as evidence from the defense the findings of the expert on the same issues on which the prosecution provided the findings of the state examination. The rules of admissibility of evidence may sometimes be contrary to the principles of equality of the procedural capacities of the parties and the adversarial process or otherwise affect the fairness of the proceedings. The rules for the admissibility of the conclusions of a specialist should not deprive the party of defense of the opportunity to effectively challenge them, in particular, by using them in the case or obtaining other opinions and conclusions. The state prosecution is obliged to disclose to the defense all available evidence (the conclusions of the examination for the benefit of the prosecution, and for the benefit of the defense). Hiding expert conclusions is a violation of the principle of equality of the parties. In the context of globalization, it is often necessary to use evidence obtained in the territory of a foreign state. All documents must be provided to the defense for review in plain language. If at the end of the investigation some documents are not translated and it is provided only after the start of the judicial review, the court is obliged to announce their contents and provide them for review. According to the Court, this does not constitute a violation of the right to defense. In case of poor-quality translation, the party has the right to request a re-transfer. If documents in a foreign language remain in the case file (without translation), this does not indicate a violation of convention standards if the arguments contained in these documents are not based on the indictment or conviction. Thus, in order to provide methodological assistance to law enforcement agencies and courts in the application of legislation related to the involvement of experts and the assessment of their findings, it is necessary to develop guidelines with regard to international standards, convention requirements, as well as to make changes and additions to existing legislation. Key words: criminal proceedings, «scientific judges», questioning of an expert, expert opinion, specialist opinion, European Court of Human Rights.

scholarly journals Cerebral hemodynamics in atherosclerotic discirculatory encephalopathy of different expressiveness

1998 ◽  
Vol XXX (1-2) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
B. A. Osetrov ◽  
L. V. Salysheva ◽  
A. A. Komissarenko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Cerebral Hemodynamics ◽  
The State ◽  
Cerebral Blood Supply ◽  
Circulatory Insufficiency ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

In 260 patients with cerebral circulatory insufficiency of different expressiveness the state of linear cerebral blood stream was determined by method of cerebral radiocirculography. For integral evaluation of the state of cerebral blood supply effectiveness ratio of linear blood flow in blood supply was calculated. Complete parallelism between clinical manifestations of cerebral artherosclerosis and expressiveness of disorders of cerebral blood flow has not been revealed. In patients with discirculatory encephalopathy of stage I blood flow by cerebral vessels is lowered when reducing cerebral blood supply. Blood flow is prevailing in the left hemisphere. In patients with discirculatory encephalopathy of stage II in cerebral blood supply retrograde venous support is revealed, allowing to maintain vascular blood supply at a relatively high level. Intersemispheric hemodynamic differences are being smoothed. Discirculatory encephalopathy of stage III is characterized by sharp worsening of cerebral hemodynamics. Supply level in the left cerebral hemisphere appears to be at a lower level, than in the right one. During further pathology development hemodynamic disorders achieve a critical level, beyond which vascular catastophe or death occurs.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Skin Vessels Microcirculation Parameters in Rats at the Hypoxia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flyura Alistratova ◽  
Toropova Yana ◽  
Nika Bulavinova ◽  
Ekaterina Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Blood Microcirculation ◽  
Hypoxic Training ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Periodic Changes

The work is devoted to the study of the effect of interval hypoxic training on the state of microcirculation of the skin in rats in the experiment. The study was conducted on white male Wistar rats weighing 70 g ±10%. In order to study the state of the dynamic characteristics of blood microcirculation, a change in blood perfusion of the tissue was considered. A non-invasive method for quantifying microvascular perfusion was used. The results showed that inhibition of microcirculation up to 50 % was observed in comparison to this value before exposure during the formation of a compensatory reaction of the body to a hypoxic effect on the 7–14th day of the experiment. It was noted that the predominant role in the regulation of the microvasculature belongs to the passive regulation factor of microcirculation which is characterized by the involvement of blood vessels in the microvasculature due to periodic changes in blood volume in the vessel together with an increase in the arithmetic mean perfusion rate. Thus, experimentally modulated hypobaric exposure, changes the volume of blood in arterioles that is determined by a pulse wave.

Metodologi Pengeluaran Fatwa di Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Mohd Faez Mohd Shah ◽  
Norhidayah Pauzi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Right

In the discipline of Islamic law research, strong proofing and clear Istinbat method are key pillars in the construction of Islamic law based on the application of the science of usul al-fiqh and maqasid al-shari'ah. However, what happens at the state of Johor’s fatwa institution is the opposite. The fatwa research methods applied by the Fatwa Committee of Johor in resolving current fatwa issues is not based on the right and true discipline of Islamic law research. In fact, current inputs related to fatwa issues are not explicitly stated in the method of determining the law either in the form of reality or scientifically verified. Therefore, this paper will discuss the fatwa procedures undertaken by the Fatwa Committee of Johor based on the methods applied in resolving current issues. The research methodology adopted is library and interview methods. This study shows that fatwa management and production in the state of Johor is placed under the jurisdiction of the Mufti of Johor’s Department. The methods adopted by the Fatwa Committee of Johor covers two methods, namely: internal research methods including literature review through the application of original source and proofs based on syarak. Second: field research method that includes an external review or going to the location of study such as conducting observation, questionnaires and interviews including referrals to specialists of different fields. Maslahah and mafsdah consideration are also implemented by the Fatwa Committee in every fatwa decision based on the standard that meets the interests of maqasid al-shari'ah. Keywords: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah ABSTRAK Dalam disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam, kekuatan pendalilan dan kaedah istinbat yang jelas merupakan tunggak utama dalam pembinaan hukum Islam berasaskan kepada aplikasi ilmu usul al-fiqh dan maqasid al-shari’ah. Namun begitu, apa yang berlaku di institusi fatwa negeri Johor adalah sebaliknya. Kaedah penyelidikan fatwa yang diaplikasi oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor dalam menyelesaikan isu fatwa semasa tidak berasaskan kepada disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam yang tepat dan sebenar. Malahan input-input semasa yang berkaitan dengan isu fatwa juga tidak dinyatakan secara jelas dalam kaedah penentuan hukum sama ada dalam bentuk realiti yang berlaku atau pembuktian secara saintifik. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan prosedur fatwa Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor berdasarkan metode-metode yang diaplikasi dalam menyelesaikan isu-isu yang bersifat semasa. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah melalui metode perpustakaan dan metode lapangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengurusan dan pengeluaran fatwa di negeri Johor hanya terletak di bawah bidang kuasa Jabatan Mufti Johor. Metode fatwa yang diamalkan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor merangkumi dua metode iaitu pertama, kaedah penyelidikan dalaman yang merangkumi kajian kepustakaan menerusi pengaplikasian dari sumber asas dan dalil-dalil syarak. Kedua, kaedah penyelidikan lapangan yang meliputi kajian luaran atau turun ke lokasi kajian seperti observasi, soal selidik dan temubual dan rujukan kepada pakar dalam bidang yang berlainan. Pertimbangan maslahah dan mafsdah juga dimplementasikan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa dalam setiap keputusan fatwanya berasaskan standard yang menepati kepentingan maqasid al-shari’ah. Kata kunci: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah

Integration Between Computed Tomography and Nuclear Medicine for Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Anatomy and Myocardial Perfusion

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Wanda Acampa ◽  
Mario Petretta ◽  
Carmela Nappi ◽  
Alberto Cuocolo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Anatomy ◽  
Non Invasive

Many non-invasive imaging techniques are available for the evaluation of patients with known or suspected coronary heart disease. Among these, computed-tomography-based techniques allow the quantification of coronary atherosclerotic calcium and non-invasive imaging of coronary arteries, whereas nuclear cardiology is the most widely used non-invasive approach for the assessment of myocardial perfusion. The available single-photon-emission computed tomography flow agents are characterised by a cardiac uptake proportional to myocardial blood flow. In addition, different positron emission tomography tracers may be used for the quantitative measurement of myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve. Extensive research is being performed in the development of non-invasive coronary angiography and myocardial perfusion imaging using cardiac magnetic resonance. Finally, new multimodality imaging systems have recently been developed bringing together anatomical and functional information. This article provides a description of the available non-invasive imaging techniques in the assessment of coronary anatomy and myocardial perfusion in patients with known or suspected coronary heart disease.

When the State Speaks, What Should It Say?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Brettschneider
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The State ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
New Approach ◽  
State Action ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
Equal Citizenship ◽  
The Ideal

How should a liberal democracy respond to hate groups and others that oppose the ideal of free and equal citizenship? The democratic state faces the hard choice of either protecting the rights of hate groups and allowing their views to spread, or banning their views and violating citizens' rights to freedoms of expression, association, and religion. Avoiding the familiar yet problematic responses to these issues, this book proposes a new approach called value democracy. The theory of value democracy argues that the state should protect the right to express illiberal beliefs, but the state should also engage in democratic persuasion when it speaks through its various expressive capacities: publicly criticizing, and giving reasons to reject, hate-based or other discriminatory viewpoints. Distinguishing between two kinds of state action—expressive and coercive—the book contends that public criticism of viewpoints advocating discrimination based on race, gender, or sexual orientation should be pursued through the state's expressive capacities as speaker, educator, and spender. When the state uses its expressive capacities to promote the values of free and equal citizenship, it engages in democratic persuasion. By using democratic persuasion, the state can both respect rights and counter hateful or discriminatory viewpoints. The book extends this analysis from freedom of expression to the freedoms of religion and association, and shows that value democracy can uphold the protection of these freedoms while promoting equality for all citizens.

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