scholarly journals A CONCEPÇÃO E A PERSPECTIVA FILOSÓFICA SOBRE O MODELO DE FAMÍLIA EUDEMONISTA FRENTE AO ENTENDIMENTO MAJORITÁRIO DE VÍNCULO BIOLÓGICO COMO ELEMENTO CARACTERIZADOR DA ENTIDADE FAMILIAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (204) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Gabriela Dantas da Silva

The main topic of this article is to analyze the philosophical contributions on the subject and to criticize the State's actions as an entity that supports this family model. In a second moment, emphasis is given to the philosophical contributions of Immanuel Kant and Aristotle on morals and ethics, extending them to the family and social sphere. The concept of the Eudemonist Family with great Aristotelian influence, as well as some of the main contemporary family entities in brief contextualization, is also presented, to finally address the main problem of this article: the legal challenges of the Eudemonist family in the face of the majority understanding of biological bond as a characterizing element of the family entity. In conclusion, the philosophical nature is of great importance for the understanding of these new conceptions of the family, since the Brazilian legal system did not, in fact, contemplate the experience of society, not giving up texts that were expressly discriminatory and that excluded fundamental rights of individuals.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (58) ◽  
pp. 444-461
Author(s):  
Mikely Pereira de Souza ◽  
Hermínia Moreira Coelho da Costa ◽  
Julyanne De Oliveira Paes Barretto ◽  
Samuel Ilo Fernandes de Amorim ◽  
Eliane Da Silva Ferreira Moura ◽  
...  

 O presente trabalho tem a finalidade de mostrar a urgência na resolução dos problemas contextualizados sobre a homossexualidade e a homofobia na adolescência. Uma visão da perspectiva social e familiar do adolescente homossexual e que, de alguma maneira passou ou passa por situações homofóbicas decorrentes de sua escolha e orientação sexual. No cenário brasileiro atual, nos deparamos com inúmeras violências vividas e sofridas por diferentes grupos que compreendem a diversidade sexual. Esses fatos causam mudanças sociais que impactam, sobretudo, na vida dos adolescentes que definiram sua orientação sexual no âmbito familiar e social. Nesse artigo serão expostas o conceito de homossexualidade e homofobia, o princípio da proteção e os conflitos vividos face a discriminação que perduram em tempos atuais diante deste grupo. Muitas são as mudanças que protegem e amparam as vítimas de homofobia, entretanto, ainda podemos notar alguns aspectos negativos e que existem a milhares de anos dificultando todo o processo de aceitação e identidade da homossexualidade. Faz-se necessário, a correta abordagem do tema, no que concerne o respeito, a tolerância e os direitos dos adolescentes que fazem parte da diversidade sexual. Neste contexto, o trabalho foi construído a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas.---The present work has the purpose of showing the urgency in solving the contextualized problems on homosexuality and homophobia in adolescence. A view of the social and family perspective of the homosexual adolescent and that, in some way, passed through homophobic situations due to their choice and sexual orientation. In the current Brazilian scenario, we are faced with numerous violence experienced and suffered by different groups that understand sexual diversity. These facts cause social changes that impact, above all, the lives of adolescents who defined their sexual orientation in the family and social environment. In this article will be exposed the concept of homosexuality and homophobia, the principle of protection and the conflicts experienced in the face of discrimination that persist in the present times before this group. Many are the changes that protect and support the victims of homophobia; however, we can still notice some negative aspects that have existed for thousands of years, making the whole process of acceptance and identity of homosexuality difficult. It is necessary, the correct approach of the subject, with respect to the respect, the tolerance and the rights of the adolescents that are part of the sexual diversity. In this context, the work was constructed from bibliographical research. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-255
Author(s):  
Roy Gilbar ◽  
Nili Karako-Eyal

The provision of lifesaving treatment subject to severely limited resources can lead to serious moral dilemmas and legal challenges on many levels. The issue becomes particularly acute in a crisis such as the current Covid-19 pandemic. In this context, legal questions arise regarding withdrawal of treatment, particularly withdrawal of ventilation. Israeli law prohibits withdrawal of ventilation, a situation that affects the prioritization criteria for patients who can benefit from ventilation. This issue is discussed in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic where the legal prohibition may lead to a situation in which patients will not have access to ventilators. In addition, a theoretical framework is proposed that includes not only beneficence, nonmaleficence, and distributive justice but also a relational approach to autonomy and justice. We also propose potential solutions under the current legal framework. Based on the legal analysis, it is proposed that Israeli law be amended so that more patients will have access to ventilation during a pandemic. It is argued that clinicians cannot act beneficently to prolong life if they ignore patients’ fundamental rights or the distributional effects of ethical policies. Autonomy and justice and their accompanying liberal and relational perspectives should remain relevant even during a pandemic, a time when resources are scarce.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Silva Galdino Cardin ◽  
Stela Cavalcanti da Silva

<p>The purpose of this scientific work is to analyze the legal status of pets in our legal system, and verify that it is consistent with the defense of their rights in childfree couples as well as the dispute of such when the breakdown of marriage or stable union occurs. The Civil Code categorizes pets as livestock. In order for these animals to have their due regard, they should be treated as subjects of rights, considering that they have the neurological capacity to generate awareness, albeit limited. In this day in age, many couples choose to achieve their parental project with pets rather than with children. Despite this change in the family context, pets are still classified as an asset, which denotes a gap between what society sees, and what the legislation determines. Childfree families with pets are a reality that cannot remain invisible before our legislation and judiciary. Thus, it is necessary to determine which animals are subject to rights according to their condition, through appropriate legislation and even including the issue of childfree couples by discussing custody, the exercise of rights to visitation and pet support. Finally, we used the theoretical method, which consists of works researched, specialized periodicals and electronic documents, as well as the legal collection on the subject.</p>


Author(s):  
Jesús Bolado-Alonso

La necesidad de construir un procedimiento administrativo rápido, ágil y flexible justifica la necesidad de este estudio, frente a uno de los problemas jurídicos actuales más graves, que se detectan en la práctica española, como es el silencio administrativo o de otra forma la falta de respuesta de una Administración silente en sus procedimientos con sus administrados. Para la defensa de la reforma jurídica de esta figura, ha sido necesario proponer una visión en conjunto sobre sus orígenes y la situación actual en el ordenamiento jurídico, analizando el impacto de las últimas sentencias sobre el tema. La conclusión alcanzada confirma la tesis planteada de que actualmente el fin de la sociedad , es conseguir tener una Administración eficaz, eficiente y diligente en la que no tiene cabida el Silencio Administrativo y todo ello supone buscar nuevas propuestas metodológicas como la que se plantea en este estudio. Con ello se reforzarían las garantías procedimentales, se recuperaría la confianza de los administrados, cuando se relacionan con la administración, pero además permitiría una aplicación más eficaz del Derecho Administrativo y un mejor control de la aplicación del procedimiento. The need to build a fast ,agile and flexible administrative procedure justifies the need for this study , in the face of one of the most serious current legal problems that are detected in Spanish practice, such as administrative silence or otherwise the lack of response of a silent administration in its procedures with its administered. For the defense of the legal reform of this figure, it has been necessary to propose a joint vision on its origins and the current situation in the legal system, analyzing the impact of the last sentences on the subject. The conclusion reached confirms the thesis that currently the aim of society, is to have an effective, efficient and diligent administration in which administrative silence has no place and all this means finding new methodological proposals such as the one proposed in this study. This would strengthen the procedural guarantees, recover the trust of the administrated, when they are related to the administration, but also allow a more effective application of Administrative Law and a better control of the application of the procedure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 4459-4467
Author(s):  
Lesbia Gertrudis Cánovas Fabelo

RESUMEN Existe una toma de conciencia en relación con la necesidad de producir cambios en la educación; pero no está suficientemente claro por qué y para qué cambiar, qué, cómo y quién debe cambiar. Aparece siempre en el horizonte la amenaza de nuevos dogmatismos, y sobre todo de ejercicios tradicionales de cambio que son más deseos que realidades. Repensar la formación de los maestros implica pensar en los contenidos de la formación, en los que enseñará, cómo los transmitirá, (incorporando las TIC), y el tipo de prácticas para trabajar en el aula, con la familia y la gestión en la escuela, pero también cómo debe ser el proceso formativo para que estén en capacidad de promover el cambio educativo. El modelo de formación debe poner el énfasis en que el aprendizaje ocurre en una relación entre el profesor y los estudiantes, donde intervienen dos aspectos cruciales, uno es cognitivo: el conocimiento, dominio de la materia que enseña, y el otro es emocional: la capacidad para poder interpretar el mundo interno de los alumnos. El Proyecto Con infinito amor pone el énfasis en propiciar la participación de los estudiantes, motivarlos de manera que sepan reflexionar y orientarse acertadamente ante su realidad.   ABSTRACT There is a growing awareness of the need to bring about change in education, but it is not sufficiently clear why and what to change, what, how and who should change. The threat of new dogmatisms always appears on the horizon, and above all of traditional exercises of change that are more desires than realities. Rethinking teacher training implies thinking about the contents of the training, what they will teach, how they will transmit them (incorporating ICT), and the type of practices to work in the classroom, with the family and school management, but also what the training process should be like so that they are able to promote educational change. The training model should emphasize that learning occurs in a relationship between the teacher and the students, where two crucial aspects are involved, one is cognitive: knowledge, mastery of the subject taught, and the other is emotional: the ability to interpret the inner world of the students. The Con infinito amor project emphasizes the participation of students, motivating them so that they can reflect and orient themselves correctly in the face of their reality.


Author(s):  
Alec Stone Sweet ◽  
Helen Keller

This chapter begins by discussing the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Established in 1953, the ECHR created a basic catalogue of rights binding on the signatories, and new institutions charged with monitoring and enforcing compliance. The ECHR has since evolved into an intricate legal system. The High Contracting Parties have steadily upgraded the regime's scope and capacities, in successive treaty revisions. They have added new rights, enhanced the powers of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), and strengthened the links between individual applicants and the regime. Today, the Court is an important, autonomous source of authority on the nature and content of fundamental rights in Europe. In addition to providing justice in individual cases, it works to identify and to consolidate universal standards of rights protection, in the face of wide national diversity and a steady stream of seemingly intractable problems. The methodology used to analyze the case studies presented in the subsequent chapters is described.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Aló Silveira

The pandemic that was caused by COVID 19 made the world rethink ethical principles, morals, and justice, but always side by side with science. Never has bioethics been thought of so much, as a science that aims to provide the ethical content so that the human being is treated with dignity in the face of scientific techniques that concern life. Bio law as a branch of legal science reveals itself as an indispensable branch to the legal system, to regulate and reconcile biotechnological advances with the principle of human dignity, founded on democracy and the defense of fundamental rights. In the international sphere, the right to life is foreseen in art. 4 of the 1969 American Convention on Human Rights, a document that was ratified by Brazil and comes from the regional system. In the Brazilian legal system, the provision is in article 1, clause III, of the Federal Constitution of 1988, which established human dignity as the foundation of the Democratic State of Law, also regulating, in article 5, the right to life. Starting from these guidelines that the human being should not be considered a "thing", or an instrument, the thought, even if philosophical, can lead to important conclusions in the field of scientific experimentation, especially with what has been happening in relation to the vaccines for COVID-19, that even if approved by a committee and following international protocols, one cannot guarantee with them the absolute protection of human dignity, principles of bioethics and fundamental human values. And, because of these discussions, the courts are urged to manifest themselves about the refusals of workers to be vaccinated.


Author(s):  
Zélia Maria Cardoso Montal

Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisa a Ação Anulatória de Cláusulas Normativas, prevista no artigo 83, inciso IV da Lei Complementar nº 75 de 20/05/1993, enfocando especialmente a competência funcional ou hierárquica para o processamento e julgamento desta medida processual em face de existência de uma divergência jurisprudencial e doutrinária sobre o tema. Será analisada a legitimidade pelo Ministério Público do Trabalho para a propositura desta ação, bem como a competência material da Justiça do Trabalho para sua análise e julgamento. Este instrumento processual se mostra fundamental no âmbito do Estado Democrático de Direito para o controle dos acordos e das convenções coletivas de trabalho, em especial se afrontarem o mínimo ético irredutível garantido ao cidadão trabalhador pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.   Abstract: This research analyzes the Annulment Action of Normative Clauses, foreseen in article 83, item IV of Complementary Law nº 75 of 05/20/1993, focusing especially on the functional or hierarchical competence for the processing and judgment of this procedural measure in the face of existence of a jurisprudential and doctrinal divergence on the subject. The legitimacy of the Public Prosecutor's Office will be analyzed for the filing of this action, as well as the material jurisdiction of the Labor Court for its analysis and judgment. This procedural instrument is fundamental in the scope of the Democratic State of Law for the control of agreements and collective bargaining agreements, especially if they face the irreducible ethical minimum guaranteed to the working citizen by the Brazilian legal system.


2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Maria Tarico Bico Correia ◽  
Gilson de Vasconcelos Torres

ABSTRACTObjective: to understand the process of mourning of the families face the patient oncological on end of life. Method: this is an exploratory study, kind case study, from qualitative approach, with discourse analysis of the subject, from the point of departure: As family reacts to the proximity of death and how it renders the mourning? Harvesting data was conducted through interviews recorded ten family members accompanying cancer patients in terminal stage in domicile. Before starting the study, the relatives have been informed about the theme, the objectives, purpose and the possible usefulness of same. Results: after analysis of the interviews have emerged the following categories: Preparation, beginning of the end and the patient's Perception. In each category the subcategories inferred in the analysis. Conclusion: given the proximity of death, the family want to stay with the patient. On the other hand, the patient expresses wish to die at home. The grieving process initially manifests itself with the expression of feelings, which are predominantly: revolt and sadness. The funeral rituals are of extreme importance for the development of the grieving process. Descriptors: terminally ill; family caregivers; bereavement and death.RESUMOObjetivo: compreender o processo de luto dos familiares face ao doente oncológico em fim de vida. Método: estudo de caso, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, com análise do discurso dos sujeitos, a partir da questão de partida: Como reage a família perante a proximidade da morte e como se processa o luto? A colheita de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas gravadas a dez familiares que acompanhavam doentes oncológicos em fase terminal no domicilio. Antes de iniciar o estudo, os familiares foram informados sobre o tema, os objetivos, a finalidade e a possível utilidade do mesmo. Resultados: após a análise das entrevistas surgiram as seguintes categorias: Preparação, Início do Fim e Percepção do doente. Em cada categoria as subcategorias inferidas na análise. Conclusão: face à proximidade da morte, o familiar deseja permanecer junto do doente. Por outro lado, o doente manifesta o desejo de morrer em casa. O processo de luto numa fase inicial, manifesta-se com a expressão de sentimentos, que são predominantemente: a revolta e a tristeza. Os rituais fúnebres são de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento do processo de luto. Descritores: doente terminal; familiar cuidadores; luto e morte.RESUMENObjetivo: entender el proceso de duelo de los familiares frente al paciente Oncológico en final de vida. Método: case study, enfoque cualitativo, exploratorio, con análisis de discurso del sujeto, desde  la pergunta inicial: como reacciona la família a la proximidad de la muerte y cómo se procesa el luto? Los datos de explotación se recorreron através de enquestas grabadas de diez miembros de la familia que acompaña a los pacientes de cáncer en fase terminal en el domicilio. Antes de empezar el estudio, los familiares han sido informados sobre el tema, los objetivos, propósitos y de su posible utilidad. Resultados: después del análisis de las entrevistas han surgido las siguientes categorías: Preparación, comienzo del final y la percepción del paciente. En cada categoría las subcategorías inferidas en el análisis. Conclusión: dada la proximidad de la muerte, la familia desea permanecer con el paciente. Por otro lado, el paciente expresa su deseo de morir en su casa. El inicio del proceso de duelo se manifiesta con la expresión de sentimientos, que son predominantemente: revuelta y tristeza. Los rituales funerarios son de extrema importancia para el desarrollo del proceso de duelo. Descriptores: enfermos; familiares proveedores de atención médica; duelo y muerte.


2022 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Helena Naddaf Camilo ◽  
Taynnara Caroline Serafim ◽  
Natália Rejane Salim ◽  
Álida Maria de Oliveira Andreato ◽  
Júlia Rudzinski Roveri ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objectives: To know the experiences of nurses in neonatal intensive care units in the face of the process of communicating bad news to the family of newborns in palliative care. Methods: Study with a descriptive qualitative approach, in which 17 professionals participated. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview script, from December/2018 to February/2019, and submitted to content analysis. Results: Four theoretical categories emerged, with 11 subcategories inserted: meanings attributed to bad news; nursing as a support for the family; difficulties in dealing with the process of communicating bad news; nursing and involvement with the family’s suffering. Final considerations: The challenges to deal with the situation are related to lack of preparation, impotence, and subjectivities. The results broaden knowledge on the subject and enable the improvement of nursing care in this context.


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