Evaluation of productive and economic parameters of pigs in the final stage, with three feeding programs

The objective was to evaluate the productive and economic parameters of pigs in the final stage with three commercial feeding programs. 240 pigs with homogeneous characteristics were used, assigning 40 females and 40 males completely random to the treatments. The animals were fed with 3 diets in flour containing different level of protein: T0 (16 %), T1 (16.42 %) and T2 (17.51). For the analysis of the information, a completely randomized design was used, the means were contrasted with the Tukey test. There were no significant differences (P> 0.05) for the evaluated variables, with the highest consumption of dry matter (CDM) recorded in the T1 (2,065), followed by T2 (2,063) and T0 (1,931 kg.). The daily weight gain (DWG) was for T2 of 0.863 grs., T1 with (0.858) and for T0 of 0.826 grs. With a food conversion (FC) for the proposal T0 of 2,562, T1 (2,671) and T2 3,027 kg. The pigs fed with T1 recorded a cost of 16,869 / Kg. of live weight, followed by T2 with $ 14,556 and obtaining more profitability with T0 when obtaining a cost of $ 13,248. The productive behavior between treatments was similar, but the best profitability is obtained with the T0.

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Economic analysis of the finishing of lambs under confinement conditions using licuri cake ( Syagrus coronata Mart. Becc.)

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-9940200252019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Jonival Barreto COSTA ◽

Ronaldo Lopes OLIVEIRA ◽

Thadeu Mariniello SILVA ◽

Ossival Lolato RIBEIRO ◽

Rebeca Dantas Xavier RIBEIRO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Economic Parameters ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Impact ◽

Operation Cost ◽

Different Levels ◽

Ground Corn ◽

Corn Grain

SUMMARY The present study endeavors to determine the impact of the inclusion of licuri tart in the diet of finishing lambs, Santa Inês mestizos, by evaluating the economic parameters. For this purpose, a total of 44 lambs, including both uncastrated as well as vaccinated and wormed lambs, with an average age of six months and a mean body weight of 21.2 kg ± 2.7 kg, were employed. Initially, the lambs were fed on the diet which consisted of 40% Tifton-85 hay and 60% of a concentrated mixture, mainly composed of ground corn grain, soybean meal, mineral premix, being further followed by the inclusion of the licuri cake at four different levels (a) 0.0, (b) 8.0,(c) 16.0, and (d) 24% with respect to the dry matter. Principally, the soybean meal and milled corn were replaced by the licuri cake with these levels, thereby constituting four treatments and 11 replicates (11 lambs per treatment) in a completely randomized design. Further, for subjecting the lambs to the above mentioned four different levels of treatment, the lambs were confined for 70 days. The analysis of various economic parameters revealed that upon including the licuri cake up to the level of 24%, the operation cost decreases, which in turn results in higher profitability. However, its cost at the time of use will eventually determine its use for feeding lambs, because of the possible price variations of the ingredients used to formulate the diets along with the model of production of the rural property.

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Plot size and number of replications to assess the vegetable matter in oat

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v9i2.2671 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 252-263

Author(s):

André Lavezo ◽

Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽

Bruna Mendonça Alves ◽

Denison Esequiel Schabarum ◽

Daniela Lixinski Silveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Plot Size ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Uniformity Trials

The determination of the optimum plot size in agricultural crops is important for obtaining accurate inferences in the treatments in question. This study aimed at determining the optimum plot size (Xo) and the number of replications to evaluate the fresh matter (FM) and the dry matter (DM) of oat and at verifying the variability of Xo among cultivars and sowing dates. Ninety-six uniformity trials of 3×3 m were performed and each assay was divided into 36 basic experimental units (BEU) of 0.5×0.5 m. The 96 uniformity trials were distributed in four cultivars and three sowing dates. At the flowering stage, FM and DM were determined in each BEU. Then, the Xo was determined in each uniformity assay, using the maximum curvature method of the coefficient of variation model. In oat, there is variability of Xo among cultivars and sowing dates to measure FM and DM. For the four cultivars on the three sowing dates, the Xo of 1.66 m2 and of 1.73 m2 are suitable to evaluate FM and DM, respectively. Four replications to evaluate the maximum of 50 treatments in completely randomized design and randomized blocks design are sufficient so that the differences among treatment means of 44.75% of the experiment mean may be significant, using the Tukey test at 5% probability to measure FM and DM in oat.

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KECERNAAN RANSUM SAPI BALI DENGAN KONSENTRAT FERMENTASI BERBASIS LUMPUR SAWIT DAN BAHAN PAKAN LOKAL

AGROINTEK ◽

10.21107/agrointek.v11i2.3173 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Irma Badarina ◽

Jarmuji Jarmuji ◽

Dodi Permadi Gultom

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Live Weight ◽

Oil Sludge ◽

Coffee Husk ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The aim of this research was to evaluate the dry matter and organic matter<br />digestibility in vivo of Bali cattle diet that supplemented with fermented concentrate ration based from palm oil sludge and several local feed sources. Fifteen Bali cattles with 2 years old and the range of live weight 184,5±3,63 kg were distributed into three treatments and five replication in Completely Randomized design. The treatment was the level of concentrate supplementation, They were P1 (10kg/day), P2(7,5kg/day) and P3(5kg/day). The forage and the rice straw were adjusted as much as 10 kg/day and 1 kg/day, respectively. The composition of fermented concentrate consisted of palm oil sludge (70%), rice bran (10%), coffee husk (10% ) and coconut press fiber (10%). As bioactivator used”Bionak”as much as 0,3%. The an aerob fermentation took time a week. The result showed that up to the highest level (10kg/day) the supplementation of fermented concentrate ration enhanced the consumption and the digestibility of the whole rations.

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Substrates and Sowing Depths in the Production of Pansy Seedlings (Viola tricolor L.)

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n16p159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

B. B. Reis ◽

D. B. Rodrigues ◽

A. S. Almeida ◽

H. L. Chagas ◽

A. S. Suné ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Organic Residues ◽

Initial Development ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Viola Tricolor ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The success of seedling production for ornamental or any other crops depends on several factors, including the use of highquality seeds and the choice of suitable substrates. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of different organic residues as substrates and sowing depths on the emergence and initial development of pansy seedlings. Two lots of pansy seeds were used. Seed lot quality was evaluated for water content determination, 1000-seeds weight, germination, first count of germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in sand. Post emergence was evaluated by the emergence speed index, shoot length, shoot dry matter and number of leaves. The experiment was performed under completely randomized design, with four replicates. Data were submitted to analysis of variance through the F-test and the means, compared to each other by the Tukey test, at 5% probability. The most indicated sowing depths for the development of pansy seedlings were 1.5 and 2 cm while the substrate which presented the best results was the Beifort® S10.

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Dehydrated cashew apple meal in the feeding of growing rabbits

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n2p757 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 757

Author(s):

Thalles Ribeiro Gomes ◽

Ednardo Rodrigues Freitas ◽

Pedro Henrique Watanabe ◽

Maria Elizimar Felizardo Guerreiro ◽

Amanda Da Rocha Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Cashew Apple ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Two trials were conducted aiming to determine the chemical composition, the digestibility of nutrients and energy from dehydrated cashew apple meal, as well as to evaluate the effects generated by including increasing levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) of this ingredient in growing rabbit feed, on performance, carcass characteristics and economic evaluation. In the digestibility trial, were used 24 rabbits with 55 days of age, distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments and twelve repetitions, being one reference feed and the other test feed, composed by 70% of the reference feed and 30% DCAM. The coefficients of the dry matter digestibility, crude protein and gross energy of the DCAM were, respectively, 67.79; 30.03 and 48.61%. The digestible dry matter, digestible protein and digestible energy, based on dry matter, were, respectively, 59.55%; 4.76% and 2,119.66 kcal/kg. In the second trial, 120 mixed breed rabbits were used, with an average of 45 days of age and weight 1143 ± 153g. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and ten repetitions with two rabbits of the same sex per cage. It was observed that the inclusion of DCAM did not affect (P > 0.05) the feed intake, but reduced (P < 0.05) the feed conversion efficiency, as well as a linear reduction in carcass yield. A quadratic effect on daily weight gain and the ratio meat/bone was observed, with better inclusion level estimated at 25.31 and 24.65%, respectively. The inclusion of DCAM linearly improved economic viability to the level of 50%, however not to harm the weight gain and the ratio meat/bone, it is recommended to include up to 25%.

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RUMPUT RAJA (Pennisetum purpupoides) DAN TEBON JAGUNG TERHADAP PERFORMANS SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE (PO) BETINA

ZOOTEC ◽

10.35792/zot.36.1.2016.10435 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Heryanto . . ◽

K Maaruf ◽

S S Malalantang ◽

M R Waani

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

The Other ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Daily Gain

THE EFFECTS OF AFFERING KING GRASS (Pennisetum Purpupoides) AND CORN STOVER ON PERFORMANCE OF ONGOLE CROSSBREED COWS A research evaluating the effects of affering king grass (Pennisetum purpupoides) and corn stover as feed ingredients on performance of ongole crossbreed cows has been conducled. Two years old, of fifteen ongole crossbreed cows with ± 200 kg body weight were used in this experiment. Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 3 replications was used. The treatments were R1 = 100% king grass, R2 = 75% king grass + 25% corn stover, R3 = 50% king grass + 50% corn stover, R4 = 25% king grass + 75% corn stover and R5 = 100% corn stover. Variables measured were dry matter consumption (DMC), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC). The average of DMC, ADG and FC were 4,64-5,97 kg/tail/day, 0,36-0,55 kg/tail/day and 10,89-13,44 respectively. The results showed that there were significant effects (P<0,05) on DMC and ADG, however, there was no significant effect (P>0,05) on FC. Tukey test showed that DMC of cows fed R1 were significantly (P<0,05) lower compared to R5, however, there was no significant (P>0,05) difference among cows fed R3, R4 and R5. ADG of cows fed R1 was not significantly (P>0,05) different compared to R2, R3 and R4, while, cows fed R1 and R2 were Significantly (P<0,05) lower compared to R5. Based on the results on DMC, ADG and FC it can be concluded that to increase performance of crossbreed cows the portion of king grass can be affered up to 50%, on the other hand corn stover is more than 50% in the ration. Key words : Kinggrass (Pennisetum purpupoides), corn stover, performance ongole crossbreed cows.

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Effect of the inclusion of different sources of carbohydrate in the fattening ration based on Leucaena leaves on the intake, digestibility, and weight gain of Culled Bali Cows

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 888 (1) ◽

pp. 012059

Author(s):

G E M Malelak ◽

I G N Jelantik ◽

I Benu

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Different Sources

Abstract An experiment with the objective of improving the utilization of leucaena leaves by culled Bali cows by the inclusion of different sources of carbohydrate was conducted following a completely randomized design using 16 thin cull Bali cows. Four diets were allotted to each animal at any period including La: the animal was offered a diet consisting of 80% dried leucaena leaves and 20% rice straw as a control, LaLb: added with pumpkin, LaJg: added with cornmeal, and LaLbJg: added with pumpkin and cornmeal. All supplemented diets were set to have similar energy and protein level. Variables measured included intake and digestibility of nutrients, rumen environments, and daily weight gain. Results showed that the inclusion of pumpkin and especially cornmeal significantly increased (P<0,05) dry matter and nutrient intake. DM and nutrient digestibility did not differ among treatments except for crude fiber. Rumen concentration of volatile fatty acids was significantly increased but rumen ammonia concentration was reduced with the addition of carbohydrate. Daily weight gain was significantly (P<0,05) improved and the inclusion of cornmeal produced the highest daily weight gain. It can be concluded that the intake and the utilization of leucaena leaves for weight gain by culled Bali cows was improved by the inclusion of carbohydrates with cornmeal exert a better effect over pumpkin.

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Harina De Ají De Ratón (Capsicum Mínimum) Como Anticoccidial Natural En Pollos De Engorde, Manabí-Ecuador

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n12p15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Francisco Javier Oñate ◽

Luis Fiallos ◽

Nelson Duchi ◽

Alex Villafuerte ◽

Isabel Peñafiel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Hot Pepper ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Present Test ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Anticoccidial Activity ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The use of natural plants for the control and treatment of diseases is an alternative to drugs and antibiotics. In the present test the hot pepper (Capsicum Minimum) was used as an anticoccidial in broiler chickens, it was taken as a reference to salinomycin (control) including 350g / ton, faced with three increasing levels of hot pepper flour (350, 500 and 1000g / ton). For the effect, 160 newborn chicks of the Cobb 500 line were used, distributed in four treatments and four repetitions under a completely randomized design, for the comparison of means the discrete Tukey test (0,05) was used, the data were analysed in the free version of InfoStat 2014 program. The variables analysed were weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality and counting of Eimeria oocysts in faeces. Regarding the weight, the treatments presented statistical equality (p> 0.05), numerically T3 registered the highest (2405.13 ± 43.33); and food conversion T1 and T2 (1.69), T3 and T4 (1.80) did not present differences between their means. Regarding mortality, T3 did not present deaths, not so, T4 (2.5%); T2 (5%) and T1 (10%); for oocyte count of E. Tenella and Acervulina T3 and T4 do not register eggs, T1 (3000 and 4500) and T2 (2500 and 1500, respectively). The hot pepper flour has anticoccidial activity in broiler chickens, its inclusion did not alter the productive parameters of the flock, which is recommended to be used during the fattening stage of the chickens or fowls.

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Performance, digestibility and carcass characteristics of feedlot dairy steers fed diets with different urea levels

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352006000500023 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 860-867 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K.A. Magalhães ◽

S.C. Valadares Filho ◽

P.V.R. Paulino ◽

M.F. Paulino ◽

R.F.D. Valadares

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Urea Level ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Degradable Protein

The effects of urea levels on feed intake, digestibility and carcass traits of 27 confined cross bred steers weighing 303.25 ± 60.8kg, were evaluated. After weighing, castrating, vaccinating and a period of seven days, three steers were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment and the remaining 24 were allotted in a completely randomized design to four isonitogenous experimental diets (12% of crude protein) and increasing level of urea on the dry matter-basis (0.0; 0.65; 1.30 and 1.65%) to replace soybean meal, so that the final content of the experimental diets were approximately 22, 37, 50 and 63% of crude protein in the form of NPN. Corn and elephant grass silages were supplied at a 70:30 ratio and the total diet had a 65:35, forage: concentrate ratio on a DM-basis. The urea level did not affect nutrient intake, except for rumen degradable protein (RDP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) linearly increased in function of diet urea level. The nutrient digestibilities linearly increased except for ether extract and non fiber carbohydrate (NFC). A quadratic effect of diet urea level on daily weight gain and no effect of urea level on carcass traits were observed. Urea can totally replace soybean meal in diets for confined crossed dairy steers allowing gains of 1kg/day. Urea can enhance nutrient digestibility of diets.

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PENGARUH PEMBATASAN PAKAN DAN SUMBER SERAT KASAR BERBEDA TERHADAP BOBOT HIDUP, BOBOT KARKAS DAN POTONGAN KOMERSIAL KARKAS AYAM BROILER STRAIN LOHMAN

ZOOTEC ◽

10.35792/zot.39.1.2019.23810 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Yolanda S. Mait ◽

J.E.G. Rompis ◽

B. Tulung ◽

J. Laihad ◽

J.J.M.R. Londok

Keyword(s):

Live Weight ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Restricted Feeding ◽

Factor B ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Commercial Feed ◽

Completely Randomized Design

THE EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION AND DIFFERENCE SOURCE OF CRUDE FIBER ON LIVE WEIGT, CARCASS WEIGHT AND COMMERCIAL PIECES OF BROILER WITH LOHMAN STRAIN. The objective of research was to determine the effect of feed restriction and source of different crude fiber on live weight, carcass weigth and commercial pieces of broiler with Lohman strain. The material used was 24 broilers. This research was using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in Factorial pattern of 2x4 with 3 replications. Feed restrictions were carried out at the age of 21 to 28 days old, after restrictions on broilers were fed commercial ration ad libitum feed until a time periode of 42 days. As a factor A was restricted feeding consisted of without restrictions (A0), and 20 percents restricted ration (A1). A factor B was source of crude fiber consisted of commercial feed (B0), commercial feed with coffee hull meal (B1), commercial feed with rice bran (B2), and commercial feed with coconut pulp (B3). The data analyzed used variance analysis and Tukey test to determine which one of treatment was significantly different from each other. The variables measured were live weight, carcass weight and percentage of commercial pieces consist of breast, thigh, drumstick, wing and brisket. The results showed that the combination treatment of feed restriction and source of crude fiber in feed gave a very significant different effect (P <0.05) on live weigth, carcass weight and commercial pieces of broiler with Lohman strain. The 20 percents restriction feeding with coconut pulp as a source of crude fiber gave best results on live weight, carcass weight, and commercial pieces of broiler with Lohman strain.Keywords: Feed restriction, crude fiber source, broiler commercial pieces

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