Implementation of Community Wetlands for the sanitation of the Cajititlan Lake, Jalisco

Wetlands are systems that promote the sustainability and development of a society. The goal of this research was the implementation of a prototype aquatic garden to assess the quality of water in Cajititlán Lake, using sewage treatment plants with the purpose of removing nutrients, phosphates and nitrates among others parameters. This was made possible by floating structures containing aquatic vegetation species like.: Typha latifolia, Lemna minor, Canna indica, Iris pseudacorus, Equisetum arvense, etc. whose basic function is to retain nutrients through phytoremediation processes. The results indicate that the implementation of community wetlands made possible to reduce BOD levels from 220 mg/lt to 12 mg/lt across a surface of 120 m², treating a flow rate of approximately 5.30 gal/min to obtain an effluent in accordance with norm NMX-AA-012-SCFI. It is concluded that community wetlands are suitable ecological alternatives for the treatment of the wastewater discharged directly into the lake.

Develop an automated monitoring system that allows the creation of an efficient hydroponic ecosystem, which increases the production of lettuce per square meter

The agricultural production methods of the last decades, have stood out for the use of the spaces, leaving aside even the land, mediating the greenhouses; in order to protect crops from climate variations, pests, raising their quality through better physicochemical characteristics and longer shelf life. The purpose of this work is to develop an automated system by means of materials such as sensors and microcontrollers capable of controlling physicochemical variables in a greenhouse, in order to provide the concentrations of nutrients, for the creation of an efficient hydroponic ecosystem, and standardized for an increase to production, in the cultivation of Romain variety lettuce. It is important to point out that within the hydroponic system, the Romain lettuce variety is harvested, obtaining larger products with an approximate weight of 1200 to 1500 g per piece, compared to those grown by the traditional method whose weights range between 1100 to 1300 g per piece, with a shelf life of 8 days in refrigeration.

Crop coefficient of pomegranate in the Comarca Lagunera

For agricultural development, water is the most important thing, so today farmers are looking for crops that have some degree of resistance to drought and high economic value such as pomegranate, however, there is poor literature on its production. The Crop Coefficient (Kc) helps us determine the water requirement during plant development, which is critical for reducing production costs and saving water. The objective of this study was to know the Kc during the phenological development of the pomegranate, in an orchard located in the municipality of Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico, using 8 Landsat satellite images and geographic information systems. The estimation of Kc based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), was performed as proposed by Calera (2016). The KC values obtained range from 0.33 to 0.65. Its evolution with satellite images is consistent according to the development stages of the crop. The relationship between the NDVI and KC may be a promising tool for farmers to estimate water use of pomegranate trees on a regional scale based on satellite imagery.

Fertilizers in the yield of chile habanero (Capsicum chínense) in Úrsulo Galván, Veracruz

Mexico is the country in the world with the greatest genetic variety of Capsicum: its richness is largely due to the diversity of climates and soils, which is why the commonly called “habanero” pepper is found throughout the peninsula. The objective of this project is to evaluate their adaptation to edaphoclimatic conditions different from those prevailing in their area of origin. As well as different mineral and organic fertilizers, which meet the nutritional needs in the cultivation of habanero pepper to obtain better yields and better profits for the producer. The experiment was carried out at the Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico Campus Úrsulo Galván. The experiment was carried out in a shade mesh cover, the experimental design was completely randomized with 5 treatments and 7 repetitions with a total of 35 experimental units. Therefore, it is expected that fertilizers and fertilizers have a greater significant response in the increase of the habanero pepper (Capsicum chínense Jacq) in Úrsulo Galván, Ver.

Technologies of savings systems that generate greater efficiency in the consumption of drinking water

This review article examines the main aspects of drinking water demand management from a technological and cultural perspective as a strategy for the efficient use of urban aqueducts. It is necessary to know the factors that affect the consumption of water in homes in order to generate management processes to solve the misuse of this resource. In the first room, a description of the demand is presented and some investigations are presented. Then some low water consumption devices are described, finally social mechanisms are mentioned to achieve a more efficient use of water.

Physical and technological characterization of the wood of candidate clones of Eucalyptus urophylla

The aim of this work was to evaluate the basic density of wood from candidate clones of Eucalyptus urophylla, in Huimanguillo, Tabasco. Eleven different genotypes of five and 12 years old were studied. Two methodologies were used, the empirical method and by water displacement. The density of wood in the genotypes ranged from 0.38 to 0.63 g cm-3 which is catalogued as light to very light. The variation in basic density between clones and the methodologies used was not significant.

Effect of Potassium Iodide and Salicylic Acid in the Cultivation of Hydroponic Strawberries (Fragaria L)

The fortification of essential foods that the majority of the population consumes has a very great advantage in nutrition; Since it is one of the most effective ways to fill some deficiencies, the objective of this work is to increase the nutritional value of strawberry cultivation under hydroponic conditions, the methodology started with the disinfection with 10% chlorine of the hydroponic system, it was located In the basket, to place the seedlings, the nutrition was implemented with the initial Steiner's solution at 50% and later at 100%, three salicylic acid (AS) treatments were carried out: 0.0012 g / L, 0.0030 g / L, 0.0070 g / L and control (0 salicylic acid) and Potassium Iodide (KI) with treatments of 0.0014g / L, 0.0016g / L and 0.0018g / L and control (0 iodine). In soluble solids, a total of three fruits were selected per treatment, it was shown that (T3), repetition 1 (0.0014 g / L) with KI, obtained an average of 8 fruits, the (T1), repetition 2 (0.0030 g / L) with AS (Salicylic Acid) with an average of 23.3 g of fruit weight, repetition 1 (0.0014 g / L) with IK, obtained an average of 8.8000 ºBrix, the ANOVA analysis shows in AS a P value of 0.034, in the control has a P value of 0.054 and in IK a P value of 0.040, which tells us that there is a positive significance in relation to the control towards the weight of the fruits, for which treatment number three is suggested for subsequent work . Keywords: Salicylic acid, potassium iodide, strawberry, NFT system and refractometer.

Biocontrol activity of microoganisms on Botrytis isolates from vineyards

Botrytis cinerea causes postharvest fruit rot of an infinity of crops, the infective capacity is due to its physiological diversity that shown, even inside the same crop. For its control, the use of antagonistic microoganisms is emerging as a sustainable option. In the present work, 40 Botrytis isolates from three vineyards were characterized by their ability to infect grape fruit (Thomson Seedless), the results showed that all produced lesions diameters from 6.5 to 22.2 mm. Ten of these isolates that presented differences in terms of their virulence, were subject to in vitro antagonism test, using the yeasts Metschnikowia sp. NB9 and FLL17 (Kodamaea sp. FLL17 and the bacteria FR4B12 Bacillus sp. R4B12 from must and flower and fruit, respectively. The results showed that, on average, FRB412 had the highest inhibitory activity on the growth of Botrytis strains, exhibiting mycelial growth inhibition percentages from 51 to 81 %, followed by FLL17 (21 to 53 %) and NB9 (15 to 51 %). In conclusion, the three study strains have different ranges of biocontrol on Botrytis, whose application could reduce gray rot in grapes.

Varietal descriptors of sorghum varieties (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) for registration and breeder's rights

The registration and breeder's rights of varieties and hybrids in our country is very low compared to developed countries, however, the generation of this technology is frequent and they are marketed without an official registration. That is why the objective of this work is to characterize two precommercial varieties of sorghum, one with white grain and another with red grain in order to obtain the breeder's right. The characterization was carried out in the experimental fields of the University Center for Biological and Agricultural Sciences of the University of Guadalajara in the spring summer cycle of 2019 on two sowing dates. The methodology that was considered was the technical guide for varietal characterization approved by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants UPOV. Central tendency analyzes were performed, the variation within materials was statistically analyzed using dispersion measures for grouped data such as range, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and mean. Which provided the information for the decision of compliance with the main characteristics that allow each variety to be differentiated and to comply with the precepts that it is a new, homogeneous and stable variety.

Safflower seed (Carthamus tinctorius L.) invigoration by pre-hydration

For seed storage, a low moisture content index is recommended, while in sowing, a rapid and homogeneous hydrolysis is important to reactivate its metabolism during germination and seedling development. The goal of the study was to establish the effect of pre-conditioning treatments on safflower seed, through the germination and emergence of seedlings. The pre-imbibition treatments were: distilled water, gibberellic acid and a biostimulant based on humic and fulvic acids, in periods of 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. The seed was produced in spring-summer 2019 and 2020. The results indicate that imbibition of seeds in water by a period of 4 hours was the most effective treatment, showing the highest germination percentages, in addition to presenting a faster and more uniform emergence of seedlings. The pre-conditioning with Gibberellic acid even reduced the germination values and the biostimulant generated homogeneity in the emergence of seedlings