scholarly journals LEGAL STATUS OF EMPLOYEES IN THE UKRAINIAN SOVIET SOCIAL REPUBLIC (1921–1928)

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Olha Rudnytska ◽  
Nataliia Rudnytska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Legal Provisions

The aim of the work is to study the legal status of employees in the Ukrainian SSR in 1921–1928, which had its own peculiar features due to the new economic policy implementation by the Soviet government (hereinafter referred to as the NEP). The methodology involves the adherence to the principles of objectivity, scientific character, and historicism, which facilitated the coherent disclosure of the prerequisites, content and consequences of the Soviet government social policy implementation in the Ukrainian SSR, and highlighted the legal status of employees and the specifics of its codification. The combination of historical and legal methods contributed to the consistency of the research, as well as enabled us to assert the novelty of the material under consideration. The historical research of the NEP in the combination with the regulatory and legal framework analysis creates new opportunities for interdisciplinary scientific inquiries. The use of general scientific methods, such as systematization, generalization, chronological and comparative method, historical and legislative method, provides us with a tool to trace the influence of the legal component on the history of the NEP introduction and development in the Ukrainian SSR during the specified period. The scientific novelty aims at providing a detailed historical and legal analysis of the content of the Ukrainian SSR legislation system concerning the legal status of employees during the NEP period. The authors comprehensively investigate its positive aspects, downsides and prospects for practical application in the specified period.The Conclusions. The article has newly provided an article-by-article analysis of regulatory and legal framework, that codified the legal status of Ukrainian SSR employees during the new economic policy (1921–1928). The historical and legislative review of legal provisions enabled us to identify their positive aspects, drawbacks, and prospects for practical application. With the beginning of the curtailment of the NEP, the activities of social insurance authorities changed, they began to focus on the industrial development of the country.The policy implemented by the Soviet government in the late 1920s under the leadership of Josef Stalin, demonstrated an expeditious movement towards authoritarianism, which is incompatible with market relations and special care for the "cogs" (little people) of the system. A system based on the Command and Administration system methods of managing the economy is gradually being formed. The increased exploitation of peasants and workers, the use of violence and political repression changed the legal status of employees in many sectors of the economy.

Actual issues of improvement of the legal status of demonstration farms as subjects of agribusiness in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Kulynych
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Domestic Practice ◽  
Technology Marketing

Problem setting. It has been known that the use of advanced technological knowledge for running agriculture is to be one of the most effective factors to ensure the growth of agricultural production. To succeed, agribusiness entities must have legal access to the latest achievements in Economics, Management, Technology, Marketing, Accounting, Taxes, Law, Ecology, etc. Therefore, demonstration farms, as areas where modern achievements in agriculture have been displayed, play a significant role in the spread of innovative technologies and practices in agriculture. Nevertheless, the legal framework for demonstration farms activity has not been introduced in Ukraine. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The information base of the current research is not only extended to the current legislation of Ukraine, but also it includes the latest studies of scholars and scientists in the field of Agriculture and Agrarian Law. Target of research is to provide academic research underlying the issue of introduction legal provisions on legal statutes of the demonstration farm into the framework of agrarian legislation on legal statues of agribusiness subjects. Article’s main body. At present, the best international experience of managing demonstration farms as new subjects of agribusiness, which disseminate the innovative experience of agricultural management among other farms, is becoming more and more essential to introduce into the production of agriculture in Ukraine. However, in our country, there is no proper legal framework for the establishment and operation of demonstration farms, which complicates their activities. In this regard, the analysis of the world’s experience in the operation of demonstration farms as a form of application of innovative technologies in agricultural production by agribusiness entities was made. The most relevant issues of the domestic practice of demonstration farms were considered. Further recommendations to enhance the legal status of demonstration farms as special subjects of agribusiness in Ukraine were given. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The article substantiates the feasibility of adopting a law on demonstration farms, which would determine the legal status of such farms, and formulates proposals for the content of the main provisions of the legal status of demonstration farms, which should be enshrined in the proposed law.

Resolution of labor conflicts in pricing and conflict commissions in the early Soviet period

2020 ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
Alla G. Fakurdinova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
Labor Conflicts

We analyze the historical regulatory framework of the activity of pricing and conflict commissions of the early Soviet period, which existed during the period of the new economic policy. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the quasi-judicial activity of pricing and conflict commissions is poorly studied, in this regard, the study of the quasi-judicial functions of pricing and conflict commissions is of historical importance, and also has parallels with the practice of modern labor dispute commissions. The aim of the work is to study the activity of pricing and conflict commissions during the period of the new economic policy with the study of the first Soviet regulatory documents, as well as the reconstruction of their history on archival materials of the Tambov Governorate. The research methods were the formal legal analysis of historical and legal acts of the Soviet era: a comparative analysis of the powers and activities of quasi-judicial bodies and people’s courts. Conclusions are drawn about the full formal conformity of the judicial process in modern world courts and historical quasi-judicial bodies that resolved labor disputes in the 1920s, the hierarchy of these bodies and the regulatory legal framework of their activities, as well as their integration into the system of Soviet public authorities, were reconstructed. We analyze the principles of the judicial process implemented in the activities of the commissions, such as the principles of openness, transparency, equality of parties.

scholarly journals ДЕЙСТВИЯ ПАРТИЙНО-СОВЕТСКОГО АППАРАТА ОРЕНБУРГСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ ПО ВНЕДРЕНИЮ В ЖИЗНЬ ПРИНЦИПОВ НОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Y.O. Kurenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Orenburg Region

The article evaluates the actions of the Soviet government in the Orenburg province to implement the principles of the new economic policy. The reasons for the need to change the economic policy in the country and the region are indicated. Examples of measures and forms of work of the Soviet party apparatus and other institutions are given. The priorities of local authorities in transforming the life of peasants are indicated. The diffi culties of implementing NEP in the province at the fi rst stage are revealed. The reaction of various social groups to the introduction of NEP and attitudes towards it are described. A conclusion is made about the results of the work of the Soviet party bodies on the implementation of NEP by the mid-1920s. in the Orenburg region.

scholarly journals Sources on Social and Political Moods of Peasants of the Ishim District of the Ural Region in 1925?27: Materials of the District OGPU Department Reports

2021 ◽  
pp. 418-427
Author(s):  
Igor V. Kuryshev ◽  
◽  
Andrey A. Lyubimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Political Resources ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Rich

The article uses previously unstudied reports of the Ishim district OGPU department to describe social and political attitudes of various groups of peasantry in the palmy days of the New Economic Policy (1925–27). The study is to consider the influence of social rural stratification on peasants’ mindsets and the relationship between the authorities and the peasantry; to assess the political resources of the Ishim peasantry through the lens of the OGPU reports; and to show the intransigence in social interests of the rural poor and the kulaks. The authors assess political moods of peasant population as a whole and those of particular social groups: poor, middle peasants, and kulaks. Political moods of the peasantry differentiated with respect to the following criteria: attitude to the Soviet government and various groups and strata, attitude to agricultural tax, attitude to religion, and church, and also according to the degree of political consciousness. On the basis of this analysis, we put forward an idea of multidirectional, heterogeneous participation of peasant population in the political life of the second half of the 1920s and of its significant social differentiation. In general, in the rural areas, the Soviet government was unequivocally supported by the poor, who were to some degree influenced by the kulaks. The middle peasants were characterized by their changing attitude; they symptomatically juxtaposed Soviet government and communists. The rich peasants took an extremely negative position to the Soviet government and tried to exert pressure on the local authorities (i.e. village soviets). However, discontent with the New Economic Policy encompassed all strata of the peasantry. Persistent confrontation between peasants fighting each other in the Ishim anti-communist peasant uprising of 1921 did not weaken for quite a long time. In conclusion, it is noted that protests, social deviations, and negative stance on the New Economic Policy gradually intensified in the political behavior of the Ishim district peasantry. The OGPU reports are a representative source that permits to reconstruct the social and political attitudes of the Ishim region peasantry.

NEW ECONOMIC POLICY OF SOVIET RUSSIA: HISTORICAL REALITY OR UNREALIZED IDEA?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ирина Владимировна Малашенко
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
National Economy ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Soviet Russia

Автор поднимает проблему исторического значения новой экономической политики Советской России в 20-е гг. XX века. В данной статье рассматривается сравнительный анализ социально-экономических мероприятий советской власти, доказывается их практическаяэффективность и значение в восстановлении народного хозяйства. The author raises the problem of the historical significance of the new economic policy of Soviet Russia in the 1920-s XX century. This article considers a comparative analysis of the socio-economic measures of the Soviet government, proves their practical effectiveness and significance in restoring the national economy.

Orphans during the Civil War: from homelessness to concentration camps

2019 ◽  
pp. 260-271
Author(s):  
Pavel Shcherbinin ◽  
Aleksei Chubarov ◽  
Ylia Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Chronological Period

We investigate specifically and comprehensively the orphans situation and transformation of social protection system in the Civil War years and its ultimate phase Tambov Rebellion in the Tambov Governorate through the lens of children’s everyday life and policy of the Soviet government. On the basis of a wide complex of primary materials attraction, first of all archival documents, we representatively and specially investigate various little-known aspects of the scien-tific problem declared in study. We generalize practices of children survival in the incredibly bloody and violent clashes of rebels and parts of the Red Army in one region – Tambov Gover-norate. We reveal the conditions of children placement in concentration camps, as well as attempts of the authorities to regulate their situation, to stabilize the morbidity of children and catastrophic child mortality. We provide the specific data on the peculiarities of orphans charity in the conditions of Civil War, Tambov Rebellion, new economic policy at the regional and county level, which allows to evaluate not only the social policy of the Soviet government, but also the survival of children’s society in the chronological period under consideration. We clarify the consequences of taking rebel family members (residents of the region who joined A.S. Antonov) hostage and using children as an attractive mechanism to combat “banditry”. We specially consider the influence of “party and class” selection of children at their admission to orphanages, as well as taking into account their social origin, the position of parents. We reveal the main results of the new economic policy (NEP) impact on children’s social protection and the constriction of the existing practice of orphans charity in the conditions of the actual cessation of funding for many children’s institutions. We draw conclusions about the historical experience, traditions and features of the children survival, including orphans at the regional level (governorate and county) in the conditions of hunger strikes of the 20s of the 20th century, which allowed to successfully reconstruct the actual population situation of the Tambov Governorate in the post-revolutionary period. We give the characteristics of the local authorities’ policy, the interaction of the capital and the regions in the conditions of almost incessant cataclysms and social disasters of the first years of Soviet power.

Commercial cartography of Russia in the period of New Economic Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 942 (12) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Commercial Advertising ◽  
Social Advertising ◽  
The Relationship

The development of digital technologies in the world influences developing national cartography and especially such segment as commercial cartography greatly. Maps and atlases have taken on a new form and the economic and financial aspects have changed at the same time. If some time ago publishers of Cards earned on circulation,nowadays it is possible to use marketing and advertising technologies to recoup expenses for creation of cartographic production. In order tounderstand in which direction to move it is necessary to study the past properly. The author attempts to study the development of commercial cartography in the period of NEP (new economic policy) of the Soviet Government in 1920s to define the connection between the development of cartography and changes in social and economic conditions. We study the period when there was a need to use a geographic map as an advertising bearer, and consider in detail the cartographic works in which commercial advertising was used. The review and analysis of the issues related to the emergence of the basic advertising rules in maps and atlases as well as the relationship between the subject of cartographic works and the content of advertising modules. The application of social advertising in the early 20th century and versions of advertising texts and modules in maps and atlases are shown.

“Changing Landmarks” in Russian Berlin, 1922-1924

Slavic Review ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Russian Soil

One of the most pressing problems facing the Soviet government in the 1920s was how to recruit the technical intelligentsia and professional classes behind the new regime. Just as the officer corps of the Imperial government was a necessary adjunct to the Red Army during the Civil War, so the businessman, the doctor, and the bureaucrat were essential to the functioning of orderly social and political institutions under the New Economic Policy. The story of the economic concessions made to revive the dormant links between city and countryside is well known. But the recruitment of trained personnel involved not only economic concession but also ideological conversion. Beginning in 1921 the Soviet leaders took great pains to legitimize their rule by portraying themselves as heirs to Russian national traditions and defenders of Russian soil against foreign intervention.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS AND MEASURES FOR REFORMING UKRAINE'S ECONOMIC POLICY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4(73)) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
O.V. KUZHEL
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Logical Method

Topicality. The task of growth of the gross domestic product of the state necessitates the implementation of processes of demonopolization and deregulation of the economy, creation of conditions for free fair competition, effective functioning of strategic commodity markets, expanded reproduction of the labor potential of the country. Nowadays, the issue of development and implementation of the new economic policy of Ukraine taking into account specific factors of influence on the national economic system in the context of its stable reproduction development is of particular relevance and importance. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the strategic directions, measures and instruments of reforming the economic policy of Ukraine, as the basis of the national platform of the new economic course of the state. During the research the following methods were used: dialectical, theoretical generalization and comparison, graphical, structural-logical method. Research results. In the article the author substantiates the expediency of creation of multidisciplinary All-Ukrainian associations and their main tasks. Proposals for systematic reformation of the most important taxes have been worked out: personal income tax, single social contribution, value added tax and income tax. Attention is drawn to the need to achieve a rational level of aggregate tax burden in Ukraine. The expediency of risk insurance in business lending, the use of international principles and practices in the formulation of antitrust and monetary policy in Ukraine is substantiated. Based on the analysis of the commodity structure of domestic exports, the necessity to support the production and export of high value-added processing products has been proved. The need for educational reform, changing the paradigm of cheap labor, conducting a high-quality multidimensional analysis of the labor market and adopting an updated labor code were emphasized. Conclusion. The proposals developed in the article form the conceptual basis of the national platform of Ukraine's new economic course. The development of a step-by-step plan of action, changes to legislation and the legal framework, a system of mechanisms and measures for their practical implementation determine the prospects for further research in this area.

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