scholarly journals The Influence Of Temperature and Contact Time On Waste Cooking Oil’s Adsorption Using Bagasse Adsorbent

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Rantiana Sera ◽  
Donny Lesmana ◽  
Atika Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Adsorption Temperature

Cooking oil is one of basic needs that very often used by public. Cooking oil that has been used it will occur characteristic’s change and if consderated from chemical composition it has carcinogen content. One way of doing things for used cooking oil is adsorption method. Goal of this research for reduce Free Fatty Acid content and color changes on used cooking oil used bagasse adsorbent, with  variant adsorption temperature 32, 40, and 50oC, also contact time as 45, 90, and 180 minutes. Best results of this research are FFA 85.10% reduction occur at 40-50oC with 180 minutes contact time and the biggest color change occur at 50oC with 180 contact time is 14.925%.

scholarly journals Alternative Raw Materials to Produce Biodiesel through Alkaline Heterogeneous Catalysis

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar M. Sánchez Faba ◽  
Gabriel O. Ferrero ◽  
Joana M. Dias ◽  
Griselda A. Eimer
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Absolute Methanol ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

Recent research focuses on new biodiesel production and purification technologies that seek a carbon-neutral footprint, as well as cheap, renewable and abundant raw materials that do not compete with the demand for food. Then, many attractive alternatives arise due to their availability or low-cost, such as used cooking oil, Jatropha oil (non-edible) or byproducts of vegetable oil refineries. Due to their composition and the presence of moisture, these oils may need a pretreatment to reach the established conditions to be used in the biodiesel production process so that the final product complies with the international quality standards. In this work, a solid catalyst based on 10 wt % sodium oxide supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15, was employed in the transesterification of different feedstocks (commercial sunflower and soybean oil, used cooking oil, acid oil from soapstock and Jatropha hieronymi oil) with absolute methanol in the following reaction conditions—2–8 wt % catalyst, 14:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 60 °C, vigorous magnetic stirring and 5 h of reaction. In this way, first- and second-generation biodiesel was obtained through heterogeneous catalysis with methyl ester yields between 52 and 97 wt %, depending on the free fatty acid content and the moisture content of the oils.

Experimental Investigation on Variation of FFA in Used Cooking Oil and Optimization of Conversion to Biodiesel

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriraam Ramanathan Chandrasekaran ◽  
Sumant Avasarala ◽  
Fathima Jalal ◽  
Lima Rose Miranda ◽  
Selva Ilavarasi Paneerselvam
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid And Base

The world is currently dependant on fossil fuels as a fuel source for transportation and fuelling the industrial sector. The increasing awareness of the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the environmental benefits of bio-diesel has made it more attractive in recent times. Many researches are being made to commercialize the production. However the cost of bio-diesel is the major obstacle to its commercialization in comparison to conventional diesel fuels. The objective of this paper is to produce biodiesel from Used cooking oil using a two stage process of acid and base catalyzed Transesterification reaction and optimizing the process variable such as Methanol to oil ratio, Catalyst to oil ratio, Reaction temperature and Reaction time as these process variable has adverse effect on the Transesterification reaction. The optimized parameters gave an yield of about 96%. Also an attempt had been made to examine the effect of temperature, moisture and storage time on the accumulation of free fatty acids in Used cooking oil. The results showed that the triacylglycerides was hydrolysed and the free fatty acid content was raised.

scholarly journals DECREASE IN FREE FATTY ACID CONTENT AND COLOR AT USED COOKING OIL WITH ACTIVATED CARBON OF REEDS (Imperata cylindrica L. Raeusch)

1970 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Samsuar Samsuar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

Cooking oil is one of the foods that are needed by the community in daily life. The use of cooking oil continuously at high temperatures, produces cooking oil that is no longer feasible to use. Therefore, it’s necessary to purify used cooking oil so that it can be reused for non-foood purposes such as making soap or biodiesel fuel. This purification process is utilie the activated carbon of reeds (Imperata cylindrica L. Raeusch) as an adsorbent to reduce the levels of free fatty acids and colors in used cooking oil. Free fatty acid content test using acid base titration method and color change using Uv-Vis spectrofotometry method. This study aims to determine the optimum concentration of reeds activated carbon as an adsorbent in reducing the levels of free fatty acids and colors in used cooking oil, which consists of the concentration of reeds activated carbon which is a consentration of 2,5; 5; 7,5; 10; dan 12,5%. The results of variance analysis showed the optimum concentration of reeds activated carbon to reduce the levels of free fatty acids and colors absorbance in used cooking oil at a concentration of 7,5%. The percentage of decreasing levels of free fatty acids gorengan and pecel lele are 78.57% and 78.85%. Decrease in absorbance of gorengan color from 1,792% to 0,384% and the pecel lele color absorbance from 2,521 to 0,515. Keywords : Activated Carbon,Color, Free Fatty Acid, Reeds, and Used Cooking Oil.

Value-Added Utilization of Banana Peel (Musa acuminata): Adsorption Fatty Acid and Extending the Life of Activated Carbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Wara Dyah Pita Rengga ◽  
Bayu Triwibowo ◽  
Jovian Triyana Putra ◽  
Ardi Nugroho ◽  
Sri Kadarwati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

Cooking oil saturation due to frequent use for frying will result in a higher fatty acid content. Activated carbon made from the banana peel (Musa acuminata) with micro-mesoporous specifications can absorb free fatty acids. Banana peels are pyrolyzed into charcoal then activated alkaline at a temperature of 650°C. Then the activated carbon is washed and mashed to obtain activated carbon powder as an adsorbent by batch. FTIR carried out adsorption analysis on cooking oil to reduce carboxylic acid in used cooking oil. The regeneration process is carried out using surfactants to save on the use of necessary materials so that they need to be recycled. The experimental results based on isothermic equilibrium show that the Freundlich model can describe the adsorption process well at 28°C with a maximum adsorption capacity of 10 mg/g. The lifespan of activated carbon can only be extended once regeneration, reaching an adsorption capacity of 65% of fresh activated carbon's ability.

scholarly journals ARANG AMPAS TEBU UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR ASAM LEMAK BEBAS MINYAK GORENG BEKAS

2018 ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
P Purwati ◽  
Tri Harningsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Lower Free Fatty Acid

ABSTRAK Minyak digunakan secara berulangkali mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas minyak. Salah satunya adalah peningkatan asam lemak bebasnya. Limbah ampas tebu yang diubah ke dalam bentuk arang digunakan menurunkan asam lemak bebas pada minyak goreng bekas. Penambahan arang ampas tebu dengan variasi massa dapat menurunkan asam lemak bebas. Asam lemak bebas minyak bekas sebelum ditambah dengan arang ampas tebu adalah 0,62 %. Angka tersebut mengalami penurunan setelah penambahan variasi massa ampas tebu dimulai dengan 2,5 gram; 5,0 gram; 7,5 gram; 10,0 gram dan 12,5 gram. Hasil asam lemak bebas berturut-turut 0,61%; 0,55%; 0,48%; 0,45%; 0,43%. Kondisi optimum dari massa arang ampas tebu sebesar 12,5 gram. Prosentase penurunan asam lemak bebas sebesar 30,41 % dengan kadar asam lemak bebas dari sebelum dilakukan adsorbsi sebanyak 0,61% menjadi 0,43%.   Kata kunci: arang ampas tebu, asam lemak bebas, minyak goreng bekas       ABSTRACT Oils used repeatedly will result in a decrease in the quality of oil. One of which is the increase in free fatty acids. The waste bagasse which is converted into charcoal form used to lower free fatty acid in used oil casting. The addition of charcoal of bagasse with variation of mass can decrease free fatty acid. The fatty acid free of used oil before it is added with sugarcane bagasse is 0,62%. The number decreases after the addition of variation of bagasse mass begins with 2,5 grams; 5,0 grams; 7,5 grams; 10,0 grams and 12; 5 grams. Free fatty acids result are 0,61%; 0,55%; 0,48%; 0,45%; 0; 43% respectively. The optimum condition from the mass of charcoal of bagasse is 12,5 grams. Percentage of free fatty acid decrease of 30,41% with free fatty acid content from before adsorbs 0,61% to 0,43%.   Keywords: charcoal of bagasse, free fatty acids, used cooking oil

scholarly journals Effect Of The Contact Time Of Candlenut Shell Charcoal And H3PO4 Activator As On The Purification Process Of Used Cooking Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Yustina Bapa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Peroxide Number ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Hazelnut Shell ◽  
Oil Purification

Research on Comparison of the Contact Time of Candlenut Charcoal with H3PO4 Activator in the Process of Purifying Used Cooking Oil has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of candlenut shells activated with H3PO4 against purifying used cooking oil. The variation of the number of candlenut shells used is 1 gram, 2 grams, and 3 grams and the variation of contact time is 10 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes. The results showed that the activation of hazelnut shell using H3PO4 fulfills SNI 16-3730-1995, while the results of used cooking oil purification with 2 grams of activated charcoal in 60 minutes resulted in a decrease in peroxide number of 64.58% and free fatty acids of 54, 84%.

scholarly journals Effects of Hygrothermal Environment in Cooling Towers on the Chemical Composition of Bamboo Grid Packing

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Sheng Chen ◽  
Ben-Hua Fei ◽  
Xin-Xin Ma ◽  
Ji-Ping Lu ◽  
Chang-Hua Fang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Outer Skin ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Hygrothermal Environment

Bamboo grid packing (BGP) is a new kind of cooling packing, used in some Chinese hyperbolic cooling towers, which has excellent potential to complement or replace cooling packing made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cement, and glass fiber-reinforced plastic. For bamboo applications, mechanical properties and service life are matters of concern; this is strongly associated with bamboo’s chemical composition and mass loss. To better understand the mechanics of mechanical property deterioration and service life reduction, this study investigated the effects of hygrothermal environments in cooling towers on the chemical and elemental composition, mass loss, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, and color changes of BGP. The results showed that BGP that had been in service for nine years in cooling towers exhibited major decreases in content of hemicellulose and benzene-ethanol extractives, as well as a significant increases in the content of α-cellulose and lignin. Exposure to the hygrothermal environment led to a decrease of oxygen content and around 8% mass loss, as well as an increase in carbon content compared to control samples. The hot water flow in cooling towers not only hydrolyzed hemicellulose, but also degraded some functional groups in cellulose and lignin. The lightness (L*) and chromaticity (a* and b*) parameters of the used BGP all decreased, except for the a* value of the outer skin. The total color change (ΔE*) of the inner skin of used BGP exceeded that of the outer skin.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS PENAMBAHAN SERBUK KUNYIT TERHADAP BILANGAN PEROKSIDA DAN BILANGAN ASAM MINYAK GORENG BEKAS PAKAI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Siti Mardiyah
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
The One

Used cooking oil is leftover cooking oil from food frying processes that have been used repeatedly. This resulted in increased high free radical and fatty acid content which can be harmful to health. One attempt to reduce oil damage is with the addition of antioxidants. Curcumin is an antioxidant contained in turmeric. Curcumin is an antioxidant phenol which have many double bonds that can capture free radicals, which can slow down the increase in the peroxide and acid number of used cooking oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of turmeric powder on levels of acid number. This type of research is experimental by the number of samples in each treatment and as many as 16 samples. Formulation of the problem of this study is whether there is the effect of turmeric powder on levels of acid value on used cooking oil. The examination results on the levels of acid number of used cooking oil shows the average levels of the acid number of used cooking oil which without the provision of turmeric powder is as high as 0,641, while the one with the provision of turmeric powder is as high as 0,349. Statistical analysis by t test showed the effect of turmeric powder on levels of acid value on used cooking oil with value of p (sig) = 0.000 which is less than 0.05. Therefore, the turmeric powder can inhibit the decrease of acid number on used cooking oil so that the oil quality is maintained.

scholarly journals Penjernihan Minyak Jelantah menggunakan Adsorben Kulit Durian (Durio zibethinus) Teraktivasi Kalium Hidroksida

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Dinda Prihatini Fitri Amne ◽  
Hery Gunawan Togatorop ◽  
Putri Sintiani ◽  
Lisnawaty Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Peak ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Minyak jelantah merupakan sisa penggunaan bahan pangan, jika di konsumsi akan berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Kegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjernihkan minyak jelantah menggunakan adsorben kitozenus yaitu dari limbah kulit durian. Metode penelitian secara laboratorium dengan metode fisika dan kimia. Hasil penelitian dilihat dari kualitas minyak jelantah setelah dijernihkan, yaitu dengan mengetahui bilangan iod dan perubahan warna. Proses pembuatan adsorben kitozenus menggunakan limbah kulit durian dengan diaktivasi KOH variasi konsentrasi 25%, 27% dan 30%. Yang sebelumnya adsorben melalui tahap karbonisasi dan setelahnya dilanjutkan dengan tahap kalsinasi pada suhu 900oC. Adsorben kitozenus yang telah diperoleh kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan uji FTIR, SEM dan XRD. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan pada sampel adsorben Kitozenus dapat diketahui bahwa pada adsorben Kitozenus tampak pola yang hampir sama, diperoleh dengan variasi konsentrasi 30% puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 1033,85 cm-1 yang merupakan vibrasi ulur asimetri dari gugus  Si-O pada gugus siloksan (Si-O-Si). Variasi konsentrasi alkalis (KOH) 25%, 27%, dan 30% untuk aktivasi adsorben kitozenus menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi KOH (Alkalis) maka puncak serapan untuk Si-O pada adsorben semakin rendah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak silaka yang lepas dari adsorben (proses desilikalisasi). Hasil uji SEM menunjukkan dengan konsentrasi 30% lebih baik diantara semua variasi yaitu terlihat bahwa adsorben kitozenus memiliki rongga-rongga pori yang banyak dan tampak lebih jelas. Hasil bilangan iod yang diperoleh dari ketiga variasi yaitu 6,143 (25%), 5,314 (27%) dan 7,906 (30%). dan menunjukkan perubahan warna setelah penjernihan menggunakan adsorben kitozenus.Kata Kunci: adsorben, bilangan iod, minyak jelantah.Used cooking oil is the rest of the use of food, if consumed will be harmful to health. The purpose of this research is to purify used cooking oil using adsorbent kitozenus, which is from durian skin waste. Laboratory research methods using physical and chemical methods. The results of the study are seen from the quality of used cooking oil after being cleared, namely by knowing iodine numbers and color changes. The process of making kitozenus adsorbent uses durian skin waste by activating KOH variations in concentrations of 25%, 27% and 30%. The previous one was adsorbed through the carbonization stage and after that it was continued with the calcination stage at 900oC. The obtained kitozenus adsorbent was then characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD tests. FTIR results showed that in the Kitozenus adsorbent sample it can be seen that on the Kitozenus adsorbent there was a similar pattern, obtained by varying the concentration of 30% absorption peak at wave number 1033.85 cm-1 which is the asymmetric stretching vibration of the Si-O group in the siloxane group ( Si-O-Si). The variations in alkaline concentration (KOH) of 25%, 27%, and 30% for activation of the kitozenus adsorbent showed that the higher the concentration of KOH (Alkalis), the higher the absorption peak for Si-O on the adsorbent. This shows that more and more silaka are separated from the adsorbent (desilicalization process). The SEM test results showed that with a concentration of 30% better among all variations, it was seen that the adsorbent kitozenus had many pores. The iodine numbers obtained from the three variations were 6,143 (25%), 5,314 (27%) and 7,906 (30%) and showed color changes after purification using the kitozenus adsorbent.Keywords: adsorbent, iodine number, used cooking oil 

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