scholarly journals Prospects of treatment grapes in Crimea with locally produced chelate microfertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Наталья Васильевна Алейникова ◽  
Нина Владимировна Цирульникова ◽  
Павел Александрович Диденко ◽  
Елена Аркадьевна Никулина ◽  
Светлана Валентиновна Левченко
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
The South ◽  
Control Chemical ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Phenological Phases

В статье представлены результаты исследований 2018-2019 гг., проведенных в почвенно-климатических условиях Южнобережной зоны виноградарства Крыма по изучению влияния внекорневых подкормок хелатными микроудобрениями Хелат В и Хелатон Экстра на винограде ценного технического сорта Каберне-Совиньон. В ходе исследований не выявлено изменений в продолжительности и сроках наступления фенологических фаз развития винограда на фоне применения изучаемых микроудобрений. Показано положительное влияние данных препаратов на вегетативное и генеративное развитие, количественные и качественные показатели урожая виноградной лозы. Экспериментально установлено, что двукратная внекорневая подкормка винограда изучаемыми микроудобрениями способствовала увеличению урожая в среднем на 11,8 % (0,7 т/га), увеличению прироста куста на 11,3 % (242,2 см3) и вызреванию однолетней лозы на 5 % в сравнении с производственным контролем. В опыте с использованием удобрения Хелатон Экстра отмечено улучшение химического состава ягод: содержание сахаров увеличилось на 8,5 %, содержание титруемых кислот снизилось на 7,1 %. The article presents the results of research of 2018-2019, conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the South Coast zone of viticulture of Crimea to study the effect of foliar dressing with chelate microfertilizers Chelate B and Chelaton Extra on grapes of valuable wine variety ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’. The study did not reveal any changes in the duration and timing of phenological phases of grape development on the back of application of the studied microfertilizers. The positive effect of these preparations on vegetative and generative development, quantitative and qualitative indicators of the grapevine yield is shown. It is experimentally established that double foliar processing of grapes with studied microfertilizers contributes to an increase in yield by 11.8% (0.7 t/ha), an increase in the bush growth by 11.3% (242.2 cm3) and ripening of an annual vine by 5% in comparison with production control. Chemical composition of berries was improved in the experiment when using Chelaton Extra fertilizer: sugar content increased by 8.5%, content of titratable acids decreased by 7.1%.

scholarly journals Southern Hemisphere anticyclonic circulation drives oceanic and climatic conditions in late Holocene southernmost Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Hahn ◽  
Enno Schefuß ◽  
Sergio Andò ◽  
Hayley C. Cawthra ◽  
Peter Frenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
The South ◽  
Anticyclonic Circulation ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Precipitation Regimes

Abstract. Due to the high sensitivity of southern Africa to climate change, a reliable understanding of its hydrological system is crucial. Recent studies of the regional climatic system have revealed a highly complex interplay of forcing factors on precipitation regimes. This includes the influence of the tropical easterlies, the strength of the southern hemispheric westerlies as well as sea surface temperatures along the coast of the subcontinent. However, very few marine records have been available in order to study the coupling of marine and atmospheric circulation systems. Here we present results from a marine sediment core, recovered in shallow waters off the Gouritz River mouth on the south coast of South Africa. Core GeoB18308-1 allows a closer view of the last  ∼  4 kyr. Climate sensitive organic proxies, like the distribution and isotopic composition of plant-wax lipids as well as indicators for sea surface temperatures and soil input, give information on oceanographic and hydrologic changes during the recorded time period. Moreover, the micropaleontology, mineralogical and elemental composition of the sediments reflect the variability of the terrigenous input to the core site. The combination of down-core sediment signatures and a catchment-wide provenance study indicate that the Little Ice Age ( ∼  300–650 cal yr BP) was characterized by climatic conditions favorable to torrential flood events. The Medieval Climate Anomaly ( ∼  950–650 cal yr BP) is expressed by lower sea surface temperatures in the Mossel Bay area and humid conditions in the Gouritz River catchment. These new results suggest that the coincidence of humid conditions and cooler sea surface temperatures along the south coast of South Africa resulted from a strengthened and more southerly anticyclonic circulation. Most probably, the transport of moisture from the Indian Ocean by strong subtropical easterlies was coupled with Agulhas Bank upwelling pulses, which were initiated by an increase in Agulhas Current strength.

scholarly journals The effect of grape ripeness degree on the quality of base wines for sparklings

2021 ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
А.С. Макаров ◽  
И.П. Лутков ◽  
Н.А. Шмигельская ◽  
В.А. Максимовская ◽  
Г.В. Сивочуб ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
The South ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Ph Indicator ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Grape Varieties

В статье представлены результаты исследований физико-химических и органолептических показателей сусла и виноматериалов для игристых вин, выработанных из винограда сорта Сары пандас и Каберне-Совиньон, собранного при различной массовой концентрации сахаров на Южном берегу Крыма (с. Морское и п.г.т. Гурзуф). Установлено, что с увеличением зрелости винограда изменяются его технологические параметры: повышается технологический запас фенольных (до 44 %) и красящих веществ (до 42 %), показатель рН (на 15-26 %), показатель технологической зрелости (на 50-109 %), глюкоацидометрический показатель (на 21-100 %), что отразилось на физико-химических и органолептических показателях полученных виноматериалов. Органолептическая оценка образцов показала, что для белых виноматериалов целесообразней использовать виноград с меньшей зрелостью с целью сохранения более свежего вкуса; для розового виноматериала - более зрелый для баланса тонкого вкуса при сохранении умеренной свежести, а для красных виноматериалов - со средней зрелостью, что позволяет получить гармоничные вина с сохранением сортовых особенностей. Полученные данные возможно использовать при планировании производства конкретной марки вина с заданными показателями и возможностью их прогнозирования в готовой продукции, а также регулирования на стадии сбора урожая винограда. The article presents the results of studies of physicochemical and organoleptic indicators of the must and base wines for preparation of sparkling wines from grape varieties ‘Sary Pandas’ and ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’, collected under the condition of different mass concentration of sugars in the South Coast of Crimea (urban localities Morskoye and Gurzuf). It was found that with an increase in grape ripeness, technological parameters of grapes also change: the technological stock of phenolic (up to 44%) and coloring (up to 42%) substances, the pH indicator (by 15-26%), the indicator of technological ripeness (by 50-109%), the glucoacidometric indicator (by 21-100%), as reflected in the physicochemical and organoleptic indicators of the obtained base wines. The organoleptic evaluation of samples showed that for white base wines it is more expedient to use grapes with lower ripeness in order to preserve more fresh flavor; for rosé base wines - more ripe to balance delicate flavor while keeping mild freshness, and for red base wines - with medium ripeness to get balanced wines with preservation of varietal characteristics. The obtained data can be used for planning the production of a specific wine brand with given parameters, predicted in the finished products, as well as for regulating at the stage of grape harvesting.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of sea-buckthorn and highbush blueberry fruits grown in the Republic of Belarus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Maria Zenkova ◽  
Julia Pinchykova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Pectin Content ◽  
The Republic

Chemical composition of sea-buckthorn and highbush blueberry fruits determines their value while using them fresh or processed. Berries have distinctive characteristics depending on a variety, soil and climatic conditions and growing techniques. The object of the researches have been Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.) of three varieties (Podarok sadu, Trofimovskaya, Botanicheskaya) and Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) of five varieties (Duke, Bluetta, Bluecrop, Northland, Coville) grown in the Republic of Belarus. Sea-buckthorn and Highbush Blueberry fruits chemical composition has been studied during a three-year cycle of monitoring using standard methods and in accordance with technical legal acts of the Republic of Belarus. Solid content (13,0-15,3%), sugar content (4,00-4,80%), organic acids (1,10-2,05%), nitrogen substances content (0,29-0,46%), lipids (3,6-6,2%), pectin content (0,40-0,50%), fiber (3,20-4,90%), minerals, vitamin С (44,7-78,7 мг/100г), β-carotene (4,4-13,2 мг/100г) have been studied in Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.). Solid content (12,2-15,1%), sugar content (2,73-3,96%), organic acids (0,59-0,95%), pectin content (0,57-0,97%), fiber (1,20-1,68%), bioflavonoids (276-368 мг/100 г), bioflavonoids complex fractional composition (anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, catechines, flavonols), vitamin С (60,5-72,2 мг/100 г) and mineral content have been studied in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Exogenous contaminants content (arsenic, heavy metals), hygienical safety indexes, caesium 137 radionuclides content have been investigated in the fruits. Specific varieties characterictics of Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.) and Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit chemical composition have been determined. The studied fruit is fully safe and can be recommended to be used both fresh and processed.

Introduction of a Protected Species Hungarian Lilac (Syringa josikaea Jacg.) in the South Ural

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
The South ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Phenological Phases

The results of a long-term introduction study of Hungarian lilac, an endemic of the Carpathians and Transylvania, cultivated in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the UFIC RAS, are presented. The study used phenological data from 2005-2020. The beginning of the growing season for Hungarian lilacs falls on the period from April 14 to 30, flowering is observed annually in late May and early June. The duration of flowering over the last 5 years (2015-2020) averaged 16 days, which is 6 days shorter than the flowering period of this type of lilac in 2005-2009. The likely reason for the shortened flowering period is climate change. Complete lignification of the shoots of Hungarian lilac occurs in the second half of July. In Ufa, Hungarian lilacs have fruiting (seeds begin to ripen from September 18 to 27), as well as the presence of self-seeding. The beginning of leaf fall (the end of the growing season) coincides in timing with the beginning of seed ripening. All phenological phases of Hungarian lilac retain their sequence every year. Winter hardiness is usually I point (plants are absolutely winter hardy). The phenological atypicality index is -0.250 or 4 points according to Zaitsev, which means that the phenology of the species is fully consistent with the climatic conditions of Ufa. Thus, the introduction of Hungarian lilac in the South Ural can be characterized as successful and promising.

scholarly journals Influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the development of sour rot of grape berries

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Евгения Спиридоновна Галкина ◽  
Елена Александровна Болотянская ◽  
Владимир Владимирович Андреев ◽  
Сергей Юрьевич Белаш ◽  
Евгения Георгиевна Юрченко
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
The South ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Sour Rot ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

В последние годы на виноградниках Южного берега Крыма участились случаи потери весомой доли урожая такого ценного технического сорта винограда, как Мускат белый из-за интенсивного поражения кислой гнилью гроздей в период их созревания. С целью определения факторов биотической и абиотической природы, способствующих развитию данного заболевания и поиска наиболее эффективных способов ее контроля, в 2016-2019 годах на участке сорта Мускат белый (филиал «Ливадия» ГУП РК «ПАО «Массандра», ЮБК) была выполнена серия полевых опытов. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что основными факторами, способствующими развитию кислой гнили, являются температура воздуха, количество осадков, интенсивность поражения ягод оидиумом и повреждения их растительноядными трипсами, скорость сахаронакопления. За четыре года наблюдений в условиях Южного берега Крыма установлена сильная зависимость степени поражения ягод винограда сорта Мускат белый кислой гнилью от количества осадков за июль-сентябрь (r=0,7-0,8), степени развития оидиума (r=0,8-0,9) и повреждения кожицы ягод трипсами (r=0,6-0,7), а также от содержания сахара в соке ягод винограда (r=0,8-0,9). In recent years cases of loss of a significant share of the yield of such a valuable wine grape variety as ‘Muscat Blanc’ due to intense sour rot of bunches in the ripening period have become more frequent in vineyards of the South Coast of Crimea. In order to determine factors of biotic and abiotic nature contributing to the development of this disease, and for finding the most effective ways to control it, series of field experiments were carried out on the close of ‘Muscat Blanc’ grape variety in 2016-2019 (Livadiya branch of FSUE PJSC Massandra, South Coast of Crimea) . As a result of the studies, it was found that the main factors contributing to the development of sour rot are air temperature, depth of rainfall, the intensity of damage to berries by oidium and affection by phytivorous thrips, and the speed of sugar accumulation. For four years of observations in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea, a strong dependence of the degree of affection of ‘Muscat Blanc’ grape variety with sour rot on the depth of rainfall in July - September (r = 0.7-0.8), the degree of development of oidium (r = 0.8- 0.9) and damage to the skin of berries by thrips (r = 0.6-0.7), as well as on the sugar content in the juice of grape berries (r = 0.8-0.9).

scholarly journals Vine architecture and production control measures to improve the quality of the wine from Shiraz variety (Vitis vinifera L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. e0908-e0908
Author(s):  
Domingo M. Salazar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Color Intensity

Aim of study: Ssix thinning treatments were studied to improve the chemical composition and quality of grapes of cv. ‘Shiraz’ under two vine architectures (vase and trellis). Area of study: Spain (from 2015 to 2016). Material and methods: The following thinning treatments were applied during four consecutive crop seasons: T0, control; T1, removal of 33% of the clusters (75 BBCH stage); T2, removal of 33% of the clusters (85 BBCH stage); T3, removal of the leaves at the base of the branches; T4, removal of the leaves at base of the branches together with removal of 33% of the clusters; T5, grouping of green branches; and T6, grouping of green branches and removal of 33% of the clusters. Main results: All the treatments increased the luminosity and degree of polymerization, improving the color intensity and stability in the wines. In the musts, the levels of phenolic compounds (from 48.0 and 46.7 mg L-1 in T0 trellis and vase, respectively, to 66.8 and 68.9 mg L-1 in T6 trellis and vase, respectively), anthocyanins and sugars (from 22.0 and 22.1 mg L-1 in T0 trellis and vase, respectively, to 24.3 mg L-1 in T6 trellis and vase), were considerably improved. Research highlights: Treatments T6 and T4 reported the best results. Branch grouping was more efficient than leaf removal regarding the contents of phenolic compounds. With respect to vine architecture, the results point out small differences, but we recommend the application of the treatments, mainly T4 and T6, under vase architecture. The season effect was mainly observed in the fourth year, probably due to the climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Control of non-infectious chlorosis of grapes in Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Наталья Васильевна Алейникова ◽  
Павел Александрович Диденко ◽  
Владимир Владимирович Андреев ◽  
Лиана Владимировна Диденко ◽  
Елена Александровна Болотянская
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The South ◽  
West Part ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
High Level ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Micronutrient Fertilizer

В статье приводятся результаты исследований 2017-2019 гг., проведенных в почвенно-климатических условиях Крыма, по контролю неинфекционного хлороза винограда на технических сортах путем применения железосодержащих минеральных удобрений. Экспериментально доказано, что использование препаратов Омекс Микромакс, Секвестрен Турбо и Хелат Fe при внекорневых подкормках виноградной лозы сортов Пино нуар и Алиготе привели к существенному снижению распространения и развития хлороза, в среднем на 10,5 и 5% соответственно. В ходе настоящих исследований при высоком уровне развития неинфекционного хлороза доказано положительное влияние минеральных удобрений на продуктивность виноградных растений: четырехкратное использование препарата Омекс Микромакс (сорт Пино нуар) позволило увеличить урожайность винограда на 10,9%; двукратное применение удобрения Секвестрен Турбо (сорт Алиготе) - на 12,9% в условиях Юго-западного Крыма. В условиях Южного берега Крыма внекорневые обработки микроудобрением Хелат Fe в фенологические фазы «после цветения» и «мелкая горошина» способствовали повышению урожайности винограда сорта Алиготе на 7,4%. The article presents the results of studies, conducted in soil-climatic conditions of the Crimea in 2017-2019, on the control of non-infectious chlorosis of wine grape varieties by using iron-containing mineral fertilizers. The use of Omex Micromax, Sequestrene Turbo and Chelate Fe preparations for foliar dressing of ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Aligote’ vines led to a significant decrease in the expansion and progression of chlorosis, on average by 10.5 and 5%, respectively. During the studies and considering the high level of development of non-infectious chlorosis, the positive effect of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of grape plants was proved: four-time use of preparation Omex Micromax (‘Pinot Noir’ variety) increased the crop yield of grapes by 10.9%; two-time application of Sequestrene Turbo fertilizer (‘Aligote’ variety) - by 12.9% in the conditions of the south-west part of Crimea. In the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea foliar treatments with micronutrient fertilizer Chelate Fe in phenological phases “after flowering” and “berries pea-size” contributed to an increase in the yield of ‘Aligote’ grape variety by 7.4%.

Behavior of Some Varieties in the Kernel Group to the Attack of the Main Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sînziana Venera Morărița
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Complex Chemical Composition ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Special Quality

Abstract Although relatively recent, peach culture has grown great in our country due to the special quality of the fruit, its very complex chemical composition and the large production that can be obtained without much effort. Peach is a species slightly adapted to our climatic conditions, suffers from winter frost, but can provide productive and long productions of 10-15 years.

Composition and properties of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), as one of the representatives of the essential oil culture in Siberia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Demidenko G.A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
The South ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana

The article presents an analysis of the chemical composition and properties of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), as one of the representatives of the essential oil culture in the Siberian conditions in the South of the Krasnoyarsk territory.

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