scholarly journals Establishment of foundation nurseries of new grape varieties using method of green grafting in the growing conditions of the Tersko-Kuma sands

2021 ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
Т.А. Майстренко ◽  
Н.А. Дуран
Keyword(s):  
New Variety ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Grafting From ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Soil Level

Целью работы являлось создание первичных маточников интенсивного типа новых сортов винограда ускоренным методом. В работе представлены результаты закладки первичных маточников методом перепрививки корнесобственных насаждений сорта Цветочный в качестве подвоя на новые селекционные сорта столового назначения Илья, Памяти Смирнова, Барт, ИРС на песчаных землях ОАО «Винхоз «Бурунный», Чеченская республика. Зеленые прививки осуществлялись методом окулировки на зеленый побег с пробуждением глазка на высоте 20-25 см и 40-45 см над уровнем почвы, без пробуждения глазка - на высоте 20-25 см. По результатам данных за 2018 и 2019 гг. сделан вывод о перспективности создания маточников методом зеленой прививки окулировкой. Лучшие данные по приживаемости прививок и их развитию получены в варианте выполнения прививки методом окулировки на высоте 20-25 см с пробуждением глазка, приживаемость прививок в среднем по сортам составила от 74 до 94 %; в варианте с производством окулировки на высоте 40-45 см - 71-88,5%. Метод перепрививки кустов на высоте 20-25 см от поверхности почвы позволил на следующий после прививки год заготовить от 0,86 до 4,2 стандартных черенков нового сорта с одного куста. The aim of the work was to establish intensive type foundation nurseries of new grape varieties by an accelerated method. The paper presents the results of establishing foundation nurseries using sugreffage method of own-rooted plants of the ‘Tsvetochniy’ variety as a rootstock for new breeding table varieties ‘Ilya’, ‘Pamyati Smirnova’, ‘Bart’, ‘IRS’ on sandy lands of OJSC Vinkhoz Burunny of the Chechen Republic. Green grafting was carried out using method of oculation on green shoots with bud awakening at a height of 20-25 cm and 40-45 cm above the soil level, without bud awakening at a height of 20-25 cm. Based on the data results for 2018 and 2019, the prospects of establishing nurseries using method of green grafting were concluded. The best data on grafting survival ability and development was obtained in the variant of oculation with bud awakening at a height of 20-25 cm and ranged from 74% to 94%; in the variant with oculation at a height of 40-45 cm - 71% - 88.5%. The sugreffage method of bushes at a height of 20-25 cm above the soil level allowed harvesting the next year after grafting from 0.86 to 4.2 standard cuttings of new variety per one bush.

scholarly journals Effects of Natural Hail on the Growth, Physiological Characteristics, Yield, and Quality of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson Seedless under Mediterranean Growing Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina G. Petoumenou ◽  
Katerina Biniari ◽  
Efstratios Xyrafis ◽  
Dimitrios Mavronasios ◽  
Ioannis Daskalakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties

Hailstorms are typically localized events, and very little is known about their effect on crops. The objective of this study was to examine the physiological and vine performance responses to natural hail, registered four weeks after full bloom, of field-grown Thompson seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines, one of the most important table grape varieties cultivated in Greece and especially in the Corinthian region in northeastern Peloponnese. Leaf gas exchange, vegetative growth, vine balance indices, cane wood reserves, yield components, and fruit chemical composition were recorded from hail-damaged vines and compared with control vines. Visibly, the extent of the hailstorm damage was great enough to injure or remove leaves as well as cause partial stem bruising and partial injury or total cracking of berries. Our results indicated that natural hail did not affect leaf photosynthesis, berry weight, total acidity, and cane wood reserves but significantly reduced the total leaf area, yield, and the total phenolics of berries at harvest. At the same time, hail-damaged vines increased the leaf area of lateral canes and presented a higher total soluble solid (TSS) accumulation, while no effect on the next year’s fertility was registered. The present work is the first attempt to enhance our understanding of the vegetative yield, berry quality, and physiological responses of grapevines to natural hail, which is an extreme and complex natural phenomenon that is likely to increase due to climate change.

AGROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF A NEW VARIETY OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
O. B. Batakova ◽  
V. А. Korelina ◽  
I. V. Zobnina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Stability

The selection work has been carried out on the base of the Primorskiy branch of the Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIARctic) in 2005-2016, in a selection seven-field crop rotation. Various weather conditions contributed to a complete and comprehensive assessment of the selected sample. Data on agrometeorological research were provided by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Northern UGMS” of the Hydrometсenter at the post of Kurtsevo. Assessment of breeding material was carried out by the main breeding valuable traits, taking into account the length of the growing season, resistance to lodging and grain yield according to the methodology of the State Commission for the Testing of Crops (1985).  Statistical processing of the experiment results were carried out using the genetic and selection software package AGROS version 2.07. A new variety of spring fodder barley “Kotlas” with increased adaptability for variable growing conditions was developed, it intended for cultivation in extreme climatic conditions of the Far North as an early ripening, productive, adaptive to unfavorable environmental factors to obtain concentrated feed for livestock and poultry. The variety is immune to net blotch of the Arkhangelsk population. The stability index (L) of the variety is 53. The new variety usage will increase the yield of spring barley, increase the economic efficiency of using the variety to 15%, the economic effect of introducing the variety per unit volume of production is 7.85 thousand rubles.

scholarly journals The influence of growing conditions on the nutrient composition of table grape varieties in Dagestan

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
O. K. Vlasova ◽  
Z. K. Bakhmulaeva ◽  
T. I. Daudova ◽  
S. A. Magadova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties

The paper presents the results of a study on the content of free amino acids, including essential ones, vitamins C and P, biologically important macro- and microelements in table grapes of the middle ripening varieties Ag raisins, Vezne, Galan, Hamburg Muscat and Samur, cultivated on the plain in Southern Dagestan Region. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of free amino acids were determined by HPLC on an AAA-881 analyzer. Amino acids tryptophan, cystine and methionine were identified by paper chromatography due to the fact that they decompose when exposed to a temperature of 102 ° C in the amino analyzer reactor. The mass concentration of vitamin C was identified titrimetrically, vitamin P was identified colorimetrically (FEK-56M, Russia), the mineral composition of grapes was identified by flame and atomic absorption photometry using Flapho-4 (Germany) and Hitachi-208 (Japan) devices. Each of the varieties had 18 amino acids, including a full set of essential ones. The total number of detected amino acids was 368.5 (Ag raisins) - 279.9 mg / dm3 (Vezne), and irreplaceable ones - from 103.8 (Hamburg muscat) to 132.4 mg / dm3 (Ag raisins). All experimental grape samples contained vitamins C, from 2.6 (Galan) to 3.7 mg / dm3 (Ag raisins) and P - from 78.0 (Samur) to 131.3 mg / dm3 (Galan), as well as physiologically important minerals. Studies have shown that in terms of the amount of free amino acids, including essential vitamins C and P, healthy minerals, such grapes as Ag raisins, Vezne, Galan, Hamburg and Samur Muscat, grown in the south of Dagestan are natural products with functional properties. Eating it fresh contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes in the human body. Additionally, these grapes can be successfully used as a raw material for the production of multicomponent functional food.

scholarly journals Two new registered table grape varieties

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hajdu ◽  
É. Ésik
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Research Institute

Two table grape varieties — Kósa and Narancsízű — were registered of the hybrids bred in the Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology in I lungary. Both varieties ripe early and are much in demand for the attractive clusters and flavours. As they are hybrids of Vitis vinifera they require similar growing conditions. In the same time with their qualification the two varieties are included in the variety list and allowed to be propagated.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF THE REGION AND GRAPES VARIETIES FOR PRODUCTION OF DIETARY RED JUICE

Russian vine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
I. Griza ◽  
◽  
L. Vacarciuc ◽  
Е. Bogatii ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Growing Region ◽  
Selection Of

The paper presents the analysis results of the vineyard and grape varieties for the production of juice with an advanced content of biologi-cally active substances. The grape varieties were analyzed from the perspective of the op-timal growing region, the requirements of cli-matic and growing conditions. The chemical composition of grapes and must from black grapes were analyzed. The importance of using juices in the diet due to the content of biologi-cally active substances, valuable for the human body was argued.

scholarly journals Realization of cereals varieties potential as a way of solving the food problem

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
S. P. Vasylkivskyi ◽  
V. M. Gudzenko ◽  
V. S. Kochmarskyi ◽  
V. V. Kyrylenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Performance Potential ◽  
Complex Biological System ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Potential Methods

Aim. Constantly growing gaps between potential and actual yields as well as its variability stress the problem of development of systematic approach to realizing the crops performance potential. Methods. The paper summarizes the results of long run research (1997–2016) in domestic and foreign selection winter wheat and barley. The varieties were registered in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine in the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat and in agricultural enterprises of various ownership. The following methods were used while conducting the research: general (abstraction, generalization, modeling, etc.), field experiment (comparative testing, evaluation of the factors on crops growth and development, performance, etc.). Results. The scheme of systematic approach for the varieties growing conditions optimizing which enhances their genetic potential implementation is suggested. Conclusions. Thus, each new variety is a complex biological system that should be use under the systematic approach recommended by a variety originator. Keywords: potential, yields, problem, winter wheat, barley.

scholarly journals Adequate timing for heart-of-palm harvesting in King palm

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilene L.A. Bovi ◽  
Luiz Alberto Saes ◽  
Roberta Pierry Uzzo ◽  
Sandra H. Spiering
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Palm Heart ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Soil Level

Heart-of-palm, palm heart, or "palmito" can be considered as a non-conventional vegetable, largely consumed in Brazil and exported to more than sixty countries. Timing of heart-of-palm harvesting is a critical issue in palmito agribusiness, since it affects yield, quality and costs. A three-year field experiment was utilized to identify the correct timing for king palm heart-of-palm harvesting, from the standpoint of maximizing yield and minimizing growing period. The experimental site was located at Pariqueraçu, Vale do Ribeira, a region where palmito agribusiness has increased recently, due to adequate climatic conditions, low costs and high industry demand. Crop was grown in 2 x 0.75 m spacing, utilizing six-month old seedlings. Growth was assessed periodically by measuring plant diameter and height (from soil level to insertion of leaf spear), as well as leaf number and size. Harvest was done, from 36 to 40 months after planting date. The results showed high plant variability, a common feature in palm. In spite of genetic variability, the adequate timing for start heart-of-palm harvesting (considering plant growth rate, yield, quality and market type), was reached when palms were 80 to 115 cm (small diameter) and 200 to 300 cm tall (large diameter). The time to attain those heights varies widely among plants and growing conditions. In this experiment, harvesting could be started at 22 months after planting.

scholarly journals Economic Hysteresis in Variety Selection

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Richards ◽  
Gareth P. Green
Keyword(s):  
Real Option ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Option Value ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Hysteretic Effect ◽  
Crop Variety ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Real Option Value

Investing in a new perennial crop variety involves an irreversible commitment of capital and generates an uncertain return stream. As a result, the decision to adopt a new variety includes a significant real option value. Waiting for returns to rise above this real option causes a delay in adoption because of economic hysteresis. This study tests for hysteresis in the adoption of wine grape varieties using a sample of district-level data from the state of California. The empirical results show a significant hysteretic effect in wine grape investment, which might be reduced by activities that smooth earnings over time.

Людмила – новый сорт чеснока озимого селекции Федерального научного центра овощеводства

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Seredin ◽  
A.F. Agafonov ◽  
V.V. Shumilina ◽  
E.V. Baranova ◽  
A.V. Soldatenko
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
State Register ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Growing Conditions

Представлены результаты работы лаборатории селекции и семеноводства луковых культур ФГБНУ Федеральный научный центр овощеводства по культуре чеснока озимого. Выделен и создан зимостойкий, лежкий, устойчивый к болезням и вредителям сорт чеснока озимого. В 2017 году под 78 передан на испытания в Госсорткомиссию, в 2019 году внесен в Госреестр РФ как сорт Людмила. Работа по созданию сорта чеснока озимого Людмила была начата в 2014 году. Был заложен коллекционный питомник (100 образцов из различных экологогеографических зон). В 2017 году был выделен перспективный образец под 78, с высокой зимостойкостью, способностью к длительному хранению, устойчивостью к болезням и вредителям. Цель исследований: выделение из коллекционного питомника чеснока озимого наиболее урожайных, зимостойких, устойчивых к болезням и вредителям сортообразцов, адаптированных к условиям выращивания. Зубки высаживали в первой декаде октября, на грядах (трехстрочная схема) 3035 растений/м2, с нормой высадки 900 кг/га. За стандарт в исследованиях был взят районирований сорт чеснока озимого Одинцовский Юбилейный. Листья чеснока озимого сорта Людмила расположены на растении со средней плотностью, длинные, средней ширины, слабо вогнутые, со средней степенью выраженности воскового налета. Стрелка длинная, без изгиба. Луковица крупная, округлоплоская. Продолжительность вегетационного периода растений составляет 98 суток, общая урожайность за три года 21,1 т/га, товарная 20,5 т/га. Средняя масса товарной луковицы 72 г. Число зубков 57 шт., масса одного зубка 12 г. Зимостойкость 97. Вкус острый. Новый сорт чеснока озимого Людмила относится к рано отрастающим, среднеспелым формам, пригодным к механизированной уборке. Общая урожайность у нового сорта в среднем на 7 больше чем у стандартного сорта Одинцовский Юбилейный, также и товарная на 6 выше, чем у последнего.The results of the work of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of onion crops of the Federal State Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Centre of Vegetable Growing on winter garlic are presented. Winterhardy, wintergarlic variety, resistant to diseases and pest is selected and bred. In 2017, under No. 78, it was given for testing to the State Commission on Cultivars in 2019, it was introduced to the State Register of the Russian Federation as a Lyudmila variety. The breeding of winter garlic cultivar Lyudmila was started in 2014. A collection nursery was laid (100 samples from various ecologicalgeographical zones). In 2017, the prospective model No. 78 was allocated, with high winter hardiness, longterm storage, resistance to diseases and pests. The purpose of the research: the selection from the winter collection of garlic nursery most productive, winterhardy, resistant to diseases and pests varietal samples adapted to growing conditions. Garlic gloves were planted in the first decade of October, on the ridges (three line) 3035 plants / m2, with a planting rate of 900 kg/ha. The standard was taken zoned winter garlic variety Odintsovsky Yubileiny. Leaves of the new cultivar are located on a plant with an average density, long, medium width, slightly concave, with an average degree of expression of a wax bloom. The spear is long, without bending. Bulb large, rounded flat. The length of the growing season is 98 days, the total yield for three years is 21.1 t/ha, and the commodity yield is 20.5 t/ha. The average mass of the commodity bulb is 72 g. The number of the cloves is 57, the mass of one clove is 12 g. Winter hardiness is 97. The taste is spicy. The new cultivar of winter garlic Lyudmila refers to the early growing, midseason forms suitable for mechanized harvesting. The overall yield of the new variety is on average 7 higher than that of the standard variety Odintsovsky Yubileiny, and the product is also 6 higher than the latter.

Results of Breeding of Confectionery Sunflower Variety

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Growing Conditions

Modernity requires the creation of hybrids, however, all genetic studies on the large-fruited sunflower lead to the conclusion that to create hybrids it is necessary to use parent lines with a large mass of 1000 seeds, but they do not produce hybrids with a larger seed size than the large-seeded paternal line. In this connection, varieties of sunflower for confectionery purposes have a greater potential for introduction into production. The greatest difficulty in creating large-fruited varieties is to reduce the growing season while maintaining seed size. Therefore, the aim of our study was to create an early ripe large-fruited variety. To create a new variety, early-ripening selections from Prometeus were used, which were resistant to four broomrape races. And selections from Zaporizhzhya confectionery. Crosses were performed using manual castration. The obtained hybrids of the first generation were isolated with individual insulators. In the second and third generation, selection was carried out on the basis of the weight of 1000 seeds and early ripening. The selections were pollinated and created the 6 best subpopulations according to a combination of signs of large-fruited and precociousness. Each of which was studied according to economically valuable traits along with the initial varieties Prometey, Zaporizhzhya Conditersky and confectionery hybrids Nasoloda, Goodwin and Smak. 2017, according to the growing conditions, was tougher and drier, which affected the yield and size of sunflower seeds. The yield did not exceed two tons per hectare, and the mass of 1000 seeds was 82 g. These indicators had the best of the selections at number five. In 2018, it showed a yield of 2.45 t / ha and a mass of 1000 seeds of 98 g. Hybrids mainly showed higher yields than varieties, but in varieties it was stable and in a dry year it was at the level with hybrids. When creating varieties, the task was to combine the sign of large-fruited with early ripening. All selections turned out to be significantly earlier than Zaporizhzhya confectionery, mainly for 10 days. The generalization of the conducted breeding studies shows that in the conditions of drought, varieties are not inferior, but even surpass hybrids in yield. With varietal selection, it is possible to achieve seed size close to the original forms, but not more. The created Camelot variety combines early ripeness with a significant seed size and can be used to obtain confectionery sunflower.

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