scholarly journals Current State and Ecological Problems of the Ob-Irtysh Basin

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Irtysh Basin

Results of the comprehensive water/resources and ecological researchers of the OB-Irtysh basin current state are given. Assessment of the many-year dynamics of the main indicators characterizing the Ob River ecological status has been made. The data are quoted on the basis of the analysis of materials of many-year hydrological, hydro/chemical, ecological and water/economic researchers of Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch Institute of Water and Ecological Problems. The main problems of water supply and water use special for this basin have been revealed: non-uniformity of water resources distribution, hazardous hydrological phenomena (inundation, flooding, and channel processes), as well as water pollution (of human and natural origin). The situation is aggravated by the Ob-Irtysh basin transboundary status. The anthropogenic transformation of the region has been estimated: its index is the highest in the steppe and Southern forest/steppe areas of the Ob-Urtysh basin, while it is much lower in the Northern part of the basin; in mountain areas of Altay, Salair and Kuznetsk Alatau anthropogenic transformation is not high, and in the regions of Transuralia and Kuznetsk depression the territories of environmental problems have been identified. Non-synchronism of water content changes many-year trends for different parts of the basin has been revealed. Over the past decades volumes of water use and water disposal somewhat decreased in respect of the whole basin. Bearing in mind the level of groundwater and surface water resources availability, 15% of the total population of the Ob-Irtysh basin live in the conditions of extremely low and very low potential water supply. New data obtained as a result of comprehensive expedition water/ecological researches in 2016 with the use of research fleet are quoted.

Integrated water resources management in the Ruhr River Basin, Germany

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bode ◽  
P. Evers ◽  
D.R. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The People

The Ruhr, with an average flow of 80.5 m3/s at its mouth, is a comparatively small tributary to the Rhine River that has to perform an important task: to secure the water supply of more than 5 million people and of the industry in the densely populated region north of the river. The complex water management system and network applied by the Ruhrverband in the natural Ruhr River Basin has been developed step by step, over decades since 1913. And from the beginning, its major goal has been to achieve optimal conditions for the people living in the region. For this purpose, a functional water supply and wastewater disposal infrastructure has been built up. The development of these structures required and still requires multi-dimensional planning and performance. Since the river serves as receiving water and at the same time as a source of drinking water, the above-standard efforts of Ruhrverband for cleaner water also help to conserve nature and wildlife. Ruhrverband has summed up its environmental awareness in the slogan: “For the people and for the environment”. This basic water philosophy, successfully applied to the Ruhr for more than 80 years, will be continued in accordance with the new European Water Framework Directive, enacted in 2000, which demands integrated water resources management in natural river basins, by including the good ecological status of surface waterbodies as an additional goal.

scholarly journals The problem of water resources in central Asian countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Current State ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Central Asian Countries

In the article, the authors analyzed the current state of water use in Central Asian countries, identified the main problems of water use in this region. The concepts of improving the further rational use of water resources have been developed with the introduction of digital technologies.

scholarly journals Water Supply of the Population of Ukraine: Level, Problems and Directions of its Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Viktoria Miroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
Groundwater Reserves

The article examines the level of water supply of the population of Ukraine in terms of administrative regions, considers the existing problems, and identifies ways to solve them. Regional differences in the annual water supply of the population of Ukraine per capita in terms of local and transit runoff, forecast resources and operational groundwater reserves, the size of their intake, including daily, and indicators of total water supply in the average water and low water (95 %) years. A comparison with the water supply indicators of other European countries is made. According to the indicated sources of water supply, groups of regions in which the state of water supply is critical have been identified. It is recognized as necessary when developing programs to improve water use, first of all to pay attention to areas that have not only lower indicators of total water supply, but also lower levels of operational reserves and projected groundwater resources, which should be used to meet drinking and sanitation. hygienic needs. The structure of fresh water use and pollution of water discharged together with wastewater are characterized. Particular attention is paid to the disclosure of the level of development, the dynamics of groundwater production, the structure of their use, the nature and causes of pollution. The ecological consequences and main problems caused by the natural shortage of water resources and significant regional differences in their provision, pollution of surface and groundwater and violations of the norms of their use are outlined. It is proposed, taking into account the unfavorable state of water supply in Ukraine as a whole and critical in some regions, to pay attention to the need for gradual introduction of economic methods of influence, through differentiation of prices for water supply of different quality, to water consumers and other economic entities. exploitation of water bodies, collection, preparation, transportation of water resources, which would stimulate the preservation and restoration of this valuable and unalternative natural product. JEL classіfіcatіon: Q25

Developing an approach to calculate the WEI for the Austrian Rhine catchment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Broer ◽  
Arnulf Schönbauer ◽  
Helga Lindinger ◽  
Heike Brielmann ◽  
Roman Neunteufel
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Supply Industry ◽  
The University ◽  
Rhine Catchment

<p>Even though Austria is a water rich country, which uses approximately 3% of its water resources, regional and seasonal challenges to ensure the water supply might occur. To facilitate a long-term, sustainable strategy for water use, detailed information on available water resources and water demand as well as possible changes due to climate change are necessary. In the “Wasserschatz” project the current available groundwater resource and the water use for the following sectors: agriculture, public water supply, industry and selected services (technical snowing and golf courses) were elaborated.</p><p>For the Austrian part of the Rhine catchment, the Water Exploitation Index was calculated for the year 2016. Where applicable the abstraction data obtained in the “Wasserschatz” project were directly used in the WEI equation. The data for the WEI equation was obtained from very different data sources (measured data, estimated data, extrapolated data) a differentiated approach was needed for each type of data and for each sector.</p><p>A very important part of the WEI are the returns, for which a different method for each sector were developed (agriculture, public water supply, selected services, industry and energy). For agriculture it was assumed that water applied as irrigation was completely transpired into the atmosphere. For cattle, the abstraction data were calculated from the amount cattle, returns were estimated according to the milk production. The abstractions for the drinking water supply were obtained from a model developed by the Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (Vienna), the returns are assumed to be a fixed factor from the abstractions.  For the Industry abstraction data were obtained from the water register(official notices) and from questionnaires (real abstraction data). The responses from the questionnaires were categorized according to company size and NACE codes and the data was extrapolated to other companies. For the returns either data from the water register was used or factors from literature were used.</p><p>To obtain the renewable resources the calculated outflow of the Rhine catchment was used. The water use in the WEI is described as the abstractions – returns, where all the water that stays in the catchment is considered a return. For a water rich catchment as the Rhine, the WEI is expected to be very low. In a future step the WEI index for the Austrian part of the Danube will also be calculated. Another planned improvement is to disaggregate the available data and calculate a seasonal WEI+.</p>

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF WATER RESOURCES AND PROBLEMS OF WATER SUPPLY OF VARIOUS SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY GUIZHOU PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Van Khao ◽  
Petr S. Lopuch
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Growing Population

The growing population of China determines the country's food security and the problem of water supply and the organization of rational water use in various sectors of the economy. The increase in irrigated land, traditional farming systems, imperfect irrigation systems, pollution of surface waters cause an increase in water use problems both in agriculture and in industry. Features of the renewal of water resources are associated with the widespread development of karst rocks in the province, the spatial and temporal features of the territory of Guizhou province, one of the densely populated regions of China. Published and official stock sources were used to write the article. Using the example of low-water 2016 and highwater 2015 with an acute shortage of information, the materials of the article are quite representative and objectively represent the features of the formation of water resources and spatial problems of water supply in a monsoon climate. The growing population of China determines the country's food security and the problem of water supply and the organization of rational water use in various sectors of the economy. The increase in irrigated land, traditional farming systems, imperfect irrigation systems, pollution of surface waters cause an increase in water use problems both in agriculture and in industry. Features of the renewal of water resources are associated with the widespread development of karst rocks in the province, the spatial and temporal features of the territory of Guizhou province, one of the densely populated regions of China. Published and official stock sources were used to write the article. Using the example of low-water 2016 and highwater 2015 with an acute shortage of information, the materials of the article are quite representative and objectively represent the features of the formation of water resources and spatial problems of water supply in a monsoon climate. It was revealed that the spatial and temporal distribution of surface water resources and their conditions for renewal are of paramount importance to ensure water supply. The role of surface water resources in providing agriculture in the province is especially significant. An imbalance has been established between the socio-economic development of the province and the use of water esources. The cities (Guiyang, Anshun and Liupanshui), located on the watersheds of the Yangtze and Zhujiang rivers, have the greatest water deficit. In addition, the mountainous relief in combination with the development of karst creates a complex picture of abnormal conditions for the replenishment of water resources due to atmospheric precipitation. The mosaic nature of natural conditions against the background of seasonal climatic conditions requires an integrated management of water resources, taking into account the spatial regional features of the province, the development of hydrological and water zoning of the province, taking into account the peculiarities of the formation of runoff in small catchments.

scholarly journals Patterns of Water Use in California

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Helly ◽  
◽  
Daniel Cayan ◽  
Thomas Corringham ◽  
Jennifer Stricklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Scale Data

Recent patterns of water use and supply in California are presented based on a new data set compiled from the California Department of Water Resources water balance data for 2002 through 2016. The water use and supply include surface water and groundwater, although groundwater reporting has been incomplete. These data are used to support the Water Plan released every 3 to 5 years and are the most comprehensive and finest spatial- and temporal-scale data set for California water resources. First, using the Bay–Delta watershed as a case example, we show that recent fluctuations in water use are highly correlated with variations in precipitation. Developed water supplies and use show these fluctuations, but they are modified by reservoir inflows and releases, groundwater supplies, and Delta outflows. Second, although the annually precipitated water supply in the Bay–Delta varies by about 30%, the developed water supply damps this considerably. The water management system maintained nearly constant agricultural water use even in periods of intense drought, with year-to-year variation of about 7%. Variability in urban water use is higher (∼20%), largely from conservation during periods of drought. Finally, this information can help improve water resource management because it connects regional-scale data to meaningful policy decision-making at county and sub-county levels. At a time when water policy and management are being re-evaluated across the American West in the light of changing climate, decision-making informed by science and data is urgently needed. The statewide water balance data provide the means to establish a consistent, quantitative framework for water resource analysis throughout the state.

scholarly journals Evaluating integrated water management strategies to inform hydrological drought mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3113-3139
Author(s):  
Doris E. Wendt ◽  
John P. Bloomfield ◽  
Anne F. Van Loon ◽  
Margaret Garcia ◽  
Benedikt Heudorfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Drought Management ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrological Droughts

Abstract. Managing water–human systems during water shortages or droughts is key to avoid the overexploitation of water resources and, in particular, groundwater. Groundwater is a crucial water resource during droughts as it sustains both environmental and anthropogenic water demand. Drought management is often guided by drought policies, to avoid crisis management, and actively introduced management strategies. However, the impact of drought management strategies on hydrological droughts is rarely assessed. In this study, we present a newly developed socio-hydrological model, simulating the relation between water availability and managed water use over 3 decades. Thereby, we aim to assess the impact of drought policies on both baseflow and groundwater droughts. We tested this model in an idealised virtual catchment based on climate data, water resource management practices and drought policies in England. The model includes surface water storage (reservoir), groundwater storage for a range of hydrogeological conditions and optional imported surface water or groundwater. These modelled water sources can all be used to satisfy anthropogenic and environmental water demand. We tested the following four aspects of drought management strategies: (1) increased water supply, (2) restricted water demand, (3) conjunctive water use and (4) maintained environmental flow requirements by restricting groundwater abstractions. These four strategies were evaluated in separate and combined scenarios. Results show mitigated droughts for both baseflow and groundwater droughts in scenarios applying conjunctive use, particularly in systems with small groundwater storage. In systems with large groundwater storage, maintaining environmental flows reduces hydrological droughts most. Scenarios increasing water supply or restricting water demand have an opposing effect on hydrological droughts, although these scenarios are in balance when combined at the same time. Most combined scenarios reduce the severity and occurrence of hydrological droughts, given an incremental dependency on imported water that satisfies up to a third of the total anthropogenic water demand. The necessity for importing water shows the considerable pressure on water resources, and the delicate balance of water–human systems during droughts calls for short-term and long-term sustainability targets within drought policies.

Water resources – an analysis of trends, weak signals and wild cards with implications for Russia

foresight ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozcan Saritas ◽  
Liliana N. Proskuryakova
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Russian Water ◽  
The Future ◽  
Wild Cards

Purpose This paper focuses on the long-term situation with water resources, and water sector in particular, analyzed through a Foresight study. The authors attribute particular attention to implication for Russia, which is relatively better positioned regarding the availability of water resources. However, the country still faces challenges related to the protection of water resources, drinking water supply, water networks, consumption patterns, water discharge, treatment and re-use. The present study aims at identification and analysis of trends, factors and uncertainties in water supply, demand, use and re-use with a particular focus on sustainability of water systems; water use by households and industry; and new water services and products. Design/methodology/approach Research methodology in this paper involves a horizon scanning exercise for the identification of the key trends, factors and uncertainties along with the identification of weak signals of future emerging trends and wild cards in the form of future surprises, shocks and other unexpected events that may disrupt the preservation of water resources and the future of the water sector. Trends characterize broad parameters for shifts in attitudes, climate, policies and business focus over periods of several years that usually have global reach. These are usually experienced by everyone and often in similar contexts. Trends may represent threats, opportunities or a mixture of them, identified through underlying processes, possible events and other future developments. Findings A key systemic restriction of water use for the next decades both globally and in Russia relates to competition between agriculture, energy, manufacturing and household water use. Given that the amount of renewable water resources is almost fixed and even decreases because of pollution, circular economy solutions for water use will be required. Implications of the global trends identified in the study for Russia are dependent on the overall situation with water resources in the country. Russia has sufficient water supply: the overall intake of water for drinking and economic purposes in Russia amounts to 3 per cent of the total water resources, two-thirds of which are discarded back to water bodies. At the same time, there are substantial problems associated with the extremely uneven distribution of water resources across the country, as well as high “water intensity” of the Russian GDP. The Russian water sector is currently not very attractive for investors. Moreover, it has significantly less lobbying opportunities than other infrastructure sectors, and this complicates its institutional and financial positions. Meanwhile, there have been some positive changes with regard to activities with a short pay-off period. Originality/value The paper offers one of the first studies on the future of Russian water resources with a focus on the water supply and sanitation sector. A comprehensive approach to trends identification (not found in other studies on Russian water resources) allowed authors to identify social, technological, environmental, economic, policy and value-related global trends and uncertainties. Moreover, implications of these trends and uncertainties, as well as Russia-specific trends, were outlined.

scholarly journals Analysis of regional features of water use structure in the North Caucasus. Part 1. Water availability and water consumption

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Е.А. Rybak ◽  
◽  
О.О. Rybak ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Impact

The key task of the societal development is to ensure effective management of water resources. As a consequence of aggravation of water problems in the world, the issues of sustainable and guaranteed access to water are considered as one of the components of ensuring food security, conservation and restoration recovery of natural resources, which are the basis of life support for the population. To date, the regulation of water resources in the North Caucasus experiences difficulties resulting from fragmented water use, unequal access to water, and contradictory legislation in the field of water use regulation. These problems are compounded by two factors: climate change and demographic situation. The main problem of water consumption in Russia is the irrational and ineffective use of water resources and, as a result, high specific water consumption. In the North Caucasus, water consumption is currently one of the highest in Russia. The characteristics of the impact on water resources are directly related to the use of water, the main elements of which are the water withdrawal from natural sources, the use of water and the discharge of wastewater. Based on open statistical sources, we analyzed the current situation in the use of water resources in the North Caucasus. The North Caucasus is characterized by problems similar to those of many regions of the country, in particular, large losses during transportation due to the emergency state of water supply networks and treatment facilities. Water supply problems in the North Caucasus are expected to worsen in the future. If urgent measures are not taken, the complex of problems will only accumulate. To overcome their negative consequences, it is necessary to revise the water use strategy and change the water consumption structure.

Improving Public Water Resources Policy in Ukraine: Municipal and Environmental Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Oleg A. DIEGTIAR ◽  
Volodymyr H. HORNYK ◽  
Sergii O. KRAVCHENKO ◽  
Valentyna V. KARLOVA ◽  
Tatyana V. SHTAL
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management System ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Effective Water

The article focuses on the current topic of public water resources management. Globalization presents new challenges and demands for sustainable development for society. The current problem of modern humanity is the rational use of limited water resources. Water management is closely linked to the harmonization of social, economic and environmental requirements. The domestic water use system cannot meet European requirements for effective water supply due to moral and physical wear. An inadequate regulatory framework reduces the effectiveness of management processes and requires finding ways to attract investment to the industry, including in public-private cooperation. The analysis of the main problems of water management development, including non-compliance with European standards, moral and physical wear, lack of effective systems of water resources planning, monitoring and control of use of water resources, showed that these problems are primarily the result of an imperfect system of public water management. Based on commercialization processes, the water supply system through the implementation of public-private partnership mechanisms, provided that private entities are clearly monitored by public authorities, can produce significant socio-economic and environmental results. The research developed an algorithm for implementing an effective water management system at the state level by developing and implementing public-private partnership projects in accordance with the requirements of an effective water management system. The mathematical model of information and analytical support of processes of monitoring of rational water use in conditions of implementation of public-private partnership projects is defined.

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