scholarly journals Assessment of environmental risks to the Voronezh Oblast public health resulted from contamination of drinking water sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
The Body ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Voronezh Oblast

The relevance of research is particularly high for the Central Black Earth Region due to the high population density and the presence of numerous dispersed sources of environmental risk with a chemical type of impact on natural waters. People are forced to use water that does not meet health standards for drinking purposes, which poses a serious threat to their health. The article presents the results of calculating the non-carcinogenic risk from exposure of the body to priority chemicals (iron, manganese, nitrates) contained in the drinking water supply sources of the region, based on average annual concentrations at 174 monitoring points of control (m.t.c.) of the distribution network in settlements Voronezh Oblast. Methods. As a methodological basis for assessing environmental risks, the regulatory document R.2.1.10.1920–04 “Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment” was used. Results. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that nitrates remain the dominant indicator of drinking water pollution in the region. Calculations showed that in 9 settlements of 7 districts of the Oblast and the city of Voronezh (19 m.t.s. out of 174), the quantitative value of the non-carcinogenic risk poses an objective threat to the health of both children and adults living in these territories. The practical significance of the work is determined by the possibility of using the results of the study to improve regional water policy and increase the environmental safety and comfort of water use in the region.

THE VALUE OF ORGANOLEPTIC INDICATORS OF DRINKING WATER THE ROSTOV REGION, AS FACTORS OF THE EPIDEMIC SAFETY OF POPULATION HEALTH

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Timur Khetsuriani ◽  
Elena Chaplygina ◽  
Tatyana Zhukova ◽  
Elgudzha Khetsuriani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Mass Development

The article presents an overview of the mass development of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in the don river of the Rostov region, which leads to the phenomenon, received in the literature the name of harmful “flowering” of water. The harmfulness of the mass development of cyanobacteria is changes in organoleptic characteristics of drinking water, which lead to the production of a large number of dangerous to human health and animal toxins, to reduce water quality, violation of the aesthetic appearance of the reservoir, the loss of useful human properties of the aquatic ecosystem and are factors of epidemic safety of public health. Experimental studies of the properties of cyanobacteria and toxins produced by blue-green algae are pre-sented. The first studies were carried out at the pilot plant on the technology of purification of flowering don water to ensure environmental safety of drinking water and public health.

scholarly journals RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN’S HEALTH DUE TO THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING WATER SOURCES OF THE NON-CENTRALIZED WATER SUPPLY OF THE CITY OF EKATERINBURG

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 997-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia G. Konshina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Traditional Assessment ◽  
The City

Introduction. In recent years, the risk assessment methodology has become the leading tool for assessing the health of various groups of the population, allowing identifying priority negative environmental factors. Material and methods. There were explored 212 wells, including 150 in collective gardens and 62 in cottage settlements. The priority oral route of chemical intake into the body was studied. Results. Nitrates and arsenic compounds create the main non-carcinogenic risk in the sources of non-centralized water supply in the territory of the Municipal Settlement of the city of ekaterinburg. When using water from wells in cottage settlements levels of non-carcinogenic risks are significantly lower than non-carcinogenic risks in horticultural partnerships. Acceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk for children under 6 years are related with 17.4% of water sources in collective gardens and 25% of wells in cottage settlements; for adults - 60.8% and 93.8% respectively. The detected nitrate concentrations in individual wells of horticultural associations can create a high non-carcinogenic risk. The total individual lifetime carcinogenic risk, both in the water of collective gardens and in the water wells of cottage settlements ranges from 10-5 to 10-4 and, therefore, is at a low level, the greatest contribution is made by arsenic compounds. Discussion. In contrast to the earlier traditional assessment of drinking water quality, when the main substances for which the discrepancy was found to hygienic standards were manganese, nitrates, iron and silicon, in the assessment of water danger using the methodology of risk assessment, nitrates and arsenic come to the first place, with a much smaller role of manganese. The calculation of carcinogenic risks using age correction factors (ADAF) has increased the risk values calculated by the traditional method by almost 2 times. Summary Levels of non-carcinogenic risks when using water from wells in cottage settlements are significantly lower than non-carcinogenic risks in horticultural partnerships.

scholarly journals Hygienic assessment of public health risks caused by food contamination with organochlorine pesticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Gorbachev ◽  
OV Sazonova ◽  
MYu Gavryushin ◽  
LM Borodina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Human economic activity leads to the accumulation of anthropogenic contaminants in food. The aim of the study was to analyze the public health risk associated with the oral intake of organochlorine pesticides (HCH, DDT), which are widely used in agriculture. The risk assessment was carried out taking into account data on the actual nutrition of 1798 people (823 men and 975 women) aged 18 to 65 years using the Nutri-prof software package. To assess the contamination of food with organochlorine pesticides, 16510 samples of various food groups were analyzed. The greatest non-carcinogenic risk due to the intake of HCH into the body with food is due to the consumption of bread and bread products, vegetables and melons, potatoes, milk and dairy products; meat and meat products, milk and dairy products. The highest level of total individual carcinogenic risk for DDT and HCH, taking into account the median concentration, corresponds to the third range and is acceptable for professional groups. The excess of the background risk values for the endocrine system in the consumption of bread and bakery products occurs at the age of 45, the transition from a negligible level of risk to a level of moderate risk occurs at the age of 65. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of the system of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance over food safety, the methodological approach to risk assessment under consideration allows making timely management decisions, taking into account the nature of work and nutritional characteristics.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE CARCINOGENIC RISK FOR THE POPULATION OF ULAN-UDE

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Efimova ◽  
S. S. Khankharev ◽  
Vladimir R. Motorov ◽  
E. V. Madeeva
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Oncological pathology has a high medical and social significance, so it is important to study the conditions of its formation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cumulative carcinogenic risk for the population of the administrative center of the Republic of Buryatia (Ulan-Ude). Material and methods. The identification of the carcinogenic hazard caused by the entry of chemical ingredients into the ambient air was carried out in 2005-2015. The exposure assessment is based on long-term average annual concentrations of carcinogens in the air, drinking water, food. Indices of comparative carcinogenic hazard (HCR) and individual carcinogenic risk (ICR) are calculated. Results. The huge engineering enterprises are sources of several substances with carcinogenic effects (formaldehyde, chrome VI, cadmium, niсkel, epichlorohydrin, etc.).The individual carcinogenic risk for residents of Ulan-Ude is included in the range unacceptable for the general population. The main pathway for chemical agents to enter the body is inhalation (79%). The greatest contribution to the total individual carcinogenic risk on admission from the air was made by formaldehyde, chromium VI and Benz(a)pyrene. Priority carcinogens coming from drinking water and food are arsenic, cadmium, lead. Conclusion. Results of the assessment of individual carcinogenic risk in Ulan-Ude indicate an unacceptable level of the impact on the population. The assessment has a number of uncertainties, which determines the need to further improve the monitoring system for carcinogenic hazards.

scholarly journals GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AS A MECHANISM FOR ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS TO PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC AIR POLLUTION IN CITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
S.A. Yeprintsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Geoinformation Technologies ◽  
The City

ic health requires processing large amounts of data from long-term research, which necessitates the use of modern geoinformation technologies. Geoinformation technologies are a mechanism for assessing environmental risks to public health in conditions of man-made air pollution in cities. The results obtained in the course of long-term monitoring studies are summarized in the GIS environment “Environmental and socio-economic conditions of cities in Central Russia”. The collection of information to characterize the functional and planning structure and landscape and environmental conditions for the model regions was carried out on the basis of special field research, processing of stock, including cartographic, material of regional integrated and sectoral environmental agencies. Currently, Russia and the world have different approaches to assessing the environmental risk for the population living in industrial cities. In Russia, the methodology of the center for hygiene is most widely used. Erisman, as well as the methodology for assessing environmental risk developed by Professor V. Prevalence. Of studies environmental and social conditions in the city of Voronezh, conducted by researchers of Voronezh state University under the direction of Professor S.A. Kurolap collected in electronic health-environmental GIS-Atlas of the city of Voronezh. The Atlas contains maps showing the state of the environment, public health, and environmental risks in various parts of the city of Voronezh. Currently, various researchers have proposed a number of methodologies for geoinformation assessment of environmental safety of the population of large cities. At the same time, there is no unified approach to assessing environmental comfort that covers its various components, which makes it advisable to develop an integrated methodology based on the data available to us.

scholarly journals Assessment of carcinogenic risk caused by the impact of the environmental factors on urban population health

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
Valery N. Rakitskii ◽  
Yuriy I. Stepkin ◽  
Oleg V. Klepikov ◽  
Semyon A. Kurolap
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Laboratory Control ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The high level of environmental pollution in industrial cities, including carcinogens, causes an unacceptable risk to public health. In this regard, a quantitative risk assessment is required to develop preventive measures to reduce it. The aim of the study was to assess the carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of an industrialized city, caused by the probable presence of carcinogens in the ambient air, drinking water of the centralized water supply system, and the soil of the residential area. Material and research methods. The laboratory control of the content of carcinogens in environmental objects of the city of Voronezh for 2017-2020 was used as the reference data. The carcinogenic risk was assessed under the provisions of Guideline R. 2.1.10.1920-04 “Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment.” Results. Taking into account the regional peculiarities of the composition of pollutant emissions into the atmospheric air, 1,3-butadiene (source - production of synthetic rubber) should be classified as priority carcinogens requiring systematic monitoring and measures to reduce emissions and, accordingly, concentrations in the surface layer of atmospheric air and chromium6+ compounds (the main source is an aircraft plant), which contribute 69.9-75.7% and 21.7-26.9%, respectively, to the total values of the individual carcinogenic risk, which exceeds the maximum permissible level (1 • 10-4). The carcinogenic risk from exposure to drinking water pollutants (halogenated organic substances) and soil (under the scenario of accidental ingestion by preschool children) is below the maximum permissible risk (1 • 10-4). Conclusion. It is necessary to pay attention to increasing the sensitivity of the applied laboratory control methods, expanding the list of controlled carcinogenic pollutants, improving the monitoring system of carcinogens, and implementing measures to reduce the carcinogenic risk associated with atmospheric air pollution.

scholarly journals White Teeth and Healthy Skeletons for All: The Path to Universal Fluoride-Free Drinking Water in Tanzania

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Ndé-Tchoupé ◽  
Raoul Tepong-Tsindé ◽  
Mesia Lufingo ◽  
Zuleikha Pembe-Ali ◽  
Innocent Lugodisha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Clean Drinking Water ◽  
And Storage

Fluorosis has been prevalent in the great East African Rift Valley (EARV) since before this region was given a name. In the Tanganyika days, Germans reported elevated fluoride concentrations in natural waters. In the 1930s, the clear relationship between high fluoride level and mottling of teeth was established. Since then, the global research community has engaged in the battle to provide fluoride-free drinking water, and the battle is not yet won for low-income communities. An applicable concept for fluoride-free drinking water in the EARV was recently presented, using the Kilimanjaro as a rainwater harvesting park. The Kilimanjaro concept implies that rainwater is harvested, stored on the Kilimanjaro mountains, gravity-transported to the point of use, eventually blended with natural water and treated for distribution. This article provides a roadmap for the implementation of the Kilimanjaro concept in Tanzania. Specifically, the current paper addresses the following: (i) presents updated nationwide information on fluoride contaminated areas, (ii) discusses the quality and quantity of rainwater, and current rainwater harvesting practices in Tanzania, (iii) highlights how low-cost water filters based on Fe0/biochar can be integrating into rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems to provide clean drinking water, and (iv) discusses the need for strict regulation of RWH practices to optimize water collection and storage, while simplifying the water treatment chain, and recommends strict analytical monitoring of water quality and public education to sustain public health in the EARV. In summary, it is demonstrated that, by combining rainwater harvesting and low-cots water treatment methods, the Kilimanjaro concept has the potential to provide clean drinking water, and overcome fluorosis on a long-term basis. However, a detailed design process is required to determine: (i) institutional roles, and community contributions and participation, (ii) optimal location and sizing of conveyance and storage facilities to avoid excessive pumping costs, and (iii) project funding mechanisms, including prospects for government subsidy. By drawing attention to the Kilimanjaro concept, the article calls for African engineers and scientists to take the lead in translating this concept into reality for the benefit of public health, while simultaneously increasing their self-confidence to address other developmental challenges pervasive in Africa.

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