scholarly journals Religious Radicalism and Politics in the Middle East

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-557
Author(s):  
Najib Ghadban
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Religious Radicalism ◽  
Political Radicalism

The editors of this book seek to explain to the reader the complex reasonsfor the undeniable phenomenon of religious radicalism in the contemporaryMiddle East. According to Sivan, the starting point of such an undertakingis the recognition that religious radicalism encompasses both thought andaction and that it entails the "rejection" of all other nonindigenous valuesand cultures. Faced with the challenges of modernity, the religious radicals'response has been "excessive or "extremist" (terms which are usedinterchangeably throughout the book with "radical").The editors have employed a comparative method, a six other (alsoIsraeli) scholars were asked to join them in studying specific Islamic andJewish movements which featured some form of radicalism. They chose thesetwo religion because, in their opinion, they both share a basic affinity (i.e.,the desire to shape human behavior) and, less convincingly, because theywanted to preserve the 'unity of space," meaning the Middle East. One shouldnot forget, however, that there are al o radical Christian group in the area.The major Islamic groups studied are the pro-Iranian Gaza-based Jihad theShi'i opposition in Iraq and Iranian pilgrims, whom they call "Khomeini'Me enger ." The Jewish groups studied are Gush Emunim, Neturei Karta,and the late Meir Kahane's Kach party.While the editors acknowledge the difficulty of proposing a comparativeframework for the analysis of religious extremism, they do suggest someoutlines. The main thesis is that the esential impulse shared by all movementsdescribed here might be termed, following aid A. Arjomand, 'revolutionarytraditionalism'; that is, a political radicalism born out of a religious tradition,which transcends that tradition in an attempt to preserve its authenticity inthe face of contemporary challenges." Every extremist movement has reviveda "myth' from its tradition which ha then served as a guiding principl forits struggle of preservation against the forces of modernity. For example,the attitude of the Neturei Karta and the Gush Emunim toward the stateof Israel come from their interpretation of the tradition concerning redemption ...

scholarly journals An Approach to the Analysis of Religious Reality in the Social Phenomenology of Alfred Schütz

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-327
Author(s):  
Alexey Sitnikov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Alfred Schutz ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Multiple Realities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alfred Schütz ◽  
Social Phenomenology

The article deals with the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz. Proceeding from the concept of multiple realities, the author describes religious reality, analyses its relationship with everyday, theoretical, and mythological realities, and identifies the areas where they overlap and their specifics. According to Schütz’s concept, reality is understood as something that has a meaning for a human being, and is also consistent and certain for those who are ‘inside’ of it. Realities are structurally similar to one another as they are similar to the reality that is most obvious for all human beings, i.e., the world of everyday life. Religious reality has one of the main signs of genuine reality, that of internal consistency. Religious reality has its own epoché (special ascetic practices) which has similarities with the epoché of the theoretical sphere since neither serve practical objectives, and imply freedom from the transitory issues of everyday life. Just as the theoretical sphere exists independently of the life of a scientist in the physical world and is needed to transfer results to other people, so the religious reality depends on ritual actions and material objects in its striving for the transcendent. Individual, and especially collective, religious practices are performed physically and are inextricably linked with the bodily ritual. The article notes that although Schütz’s phenomenological concept of multiple realities has repeatedly served as a starting point for the development of various social theories, its heuristic potential has not been exhausted. This allows for the further analyzing and development of topical issues such as national identity and its ties with religious tradition in the modern era, when religious reality loses credibility and has many competitors, one of which is the modern myth of the nation. Intersubjective ideas of the nation that are socially confirmed as the self-evident reality of everyday life cause complex emotions and fill human lives, thus displacing religious reality or forcing the latter to come into complex interactions with the national narrative.

(Not) Getting Religion: Has Political Science Lost Sight of Islam?

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Tepe ◽  
Betul Demirkaya
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
North Africa ◽  
American Political Science Association ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
American Political Science ◽  
Middle East Studies ◽  
Science Association

AbstractIn this analysis, we expand the debate on the place of religion in political science by using the predictions of Wald and Wilcox as our starting point. Following in their footsteps, we ask how political scientists have studied Islam since 2002 and identify the studies on Islam and Muslims at the flagship conference of the discipline, the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association. We evaluate not only the quantity but also the approaches employed by these studies. In order to gauge the balancing of roles (or lack thereof) between the discipline and area studies, we also take a closer look at the Middle East Studies Association, the largest association focused on the Middle East, North Africa and the Islamic world and its annual meetings during the same period. Our findings suggest that, unless carefully addressed, the prevailing patterns are likely to result in a crippling knowledge gap among political scientists.

The Schuman Plan 60 Years Later: A Model for the Middle East?

European View ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Hans-Gert Pöttering
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Schuman Plan ◽  
Special Responsibility ◽  
The Eu

Europe has a special responsibility towards Israel and the Palestinian Authority, not only because the EU is the largest aid donor in the region, but also because of Europe's historical legacy. Europe can provide a roadmap on how a region is able to pull itself from centuries of violent conflict to peace and stability through economic cooperation. Granted, European integration cannot be transplanted to the Middle East; however, the plan set in motion by Robert Schuman 60 years ago can provide a starting point for regional cooperation in the Middle East.

scholarly journals Islamic Political Radicalism

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Sajjad H. Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pertinent Question ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
The University ◽  
Political Radicalism

As jihadi ideology shifts from articulating a perpetual conflict against the“far enemy” (read: the United States and its allies) and the “near enemy”(read: the United States’ clients) within the Middle East and the wider Muslimworld to taking the conflict to the heart of the far enemy in NorthAmericaand Western Europe, it is time for academics to take stock of what hashappened, how it has happened, and why. The “radicalization” debate, as itis called, tries to ask the pertinent question of why some Muslim male citizensof these “western” states feel so disenchanted, dis-integrated, and alienatedfrom their immediate communities that they can perpetrate such grossacts of violence as the bombings in Madrid in March 2004 and 7/7 in London.The challenge of such violent radicalism (and it is important to qualifyit as such, since radicalism traditionally has been a political virtue of the Leftdemanding change) affects security policy as well as the integrity and dignityof Muslim communities. Tahir Abbas, a reader in sociology at the University of Birmingham anda leading expert on the sociology of Britain’s Muslim communities, hasassembled a vibrant interdisciplinary circle of specialists, comprisingMuslimand non-Muslim academics and activists, to tackle this question. The collectionbrings together studies in political science, political sociology (the primaryfocus for the debate on radicalism), anthropology, psychology, criminology,and related disciplines.The contributors concentrate on Britain, albeitwithin a European context, and thus this book might be of value for thosestudying Islamismin otherMuslim-minority contexts (particularly the UnitedStates) and even in Muslim-majority contexts as a base of comparison ...

scholarly journals THE PLURALITY OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN ISLAM PESANTREN DDI UJUNG LARE KOTA PAREPARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Herda, Abdul Rauf Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Religious Learning ◽  
Religious Radicalism ◽  
Good Learning

learning resources developed at pondok pesantren during this time oriented plurality. Good learning material PAI as well as religious tradition that held through extracurricular activities and kokurikuler are always paying attention to the teaching of the equation, the equation, the fraternity and compassion in Islam. Typology of religious learning resources that are rooted in Pesantren Putri DDI Lil Banat is an understanding of the religion institution of moderate, tolerant and inklusivisme. Pesantren as a religious educational institutions often compromised the spread understand religious radicalism. From this aspect, if the existence of boarding school instrumental more urgency in developing the views, attitudes towards the plurality of values.

scholarly journals Visegrads criminal, bloody revels – yesterday, today, tomorrow

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-286
Author(s):  
Ermin Kuka ◽  
◽  
Hamza Memišević ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Second World

Main goal of Serbian ideology, policy, practice, starting from the late XVIII until the beginning of XIX century is creation of a clean, pure and ethnic Serbian country so called Great Serbia. In such country idealists also included the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Meanwhile that is achievable only by committing heinous crimes including the Bosnian Genocide. Because of the Visegrads Geostrategic position the city is crucial for Serbian plans, aggressors and criminals tried by any means to form ethnically clean territory, not choosing the means or tools in the attempt of achieving that goal. Highest point of those crimes happened during the second world war 1941-1945, also in the time of aggression on Republic Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995. Numerous mass and individual killings, extermination, enslavement, deportations and / or forcible transfer of the Bosniak population, imprisonment and other forms of deprivation of liberty committed in violation of basic rules of international law constitute a long and sad list of criminal and genocidal acts committed against Bosniaks in the Drina Valley, and in the name of the so-called project Great Serbia. In this cycle and history of chetnik misery and inhumanity, the culmination of human malice, evil blood and moral dishonor was against the Bosniaks of Eastern Bosnia. Thanks to the hard work of the community and people of the country this evil plan and evil intentions of Serbs ideologists did not come through. Yet they do not give up, furthermore they use new means and methods. In that contest targeting wider area of Visegrad, as a starting point for commencing Great Serbian goals and ideas. That gave birth to the idea that Visegrad is continuously in focus to the leaders and actors of the ideology of Great Serbia, therefore creation of ethnically clean Serbian areas. All this, for a consequence, had a permanent acts of numerous crimes against humanity and international human rights among Bosnians in wider area of Visegrad, from the period of World war 2 and in the time of aggression on Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this area number of heinous crimes were committed. One of the consequences of the horrific crimes committed against Bosniaks is a radical change in the ethnic structure of the population in the Visegrad area during the 1992-1995 aggression. In relation to the 1991 Census, when there were 13,471 Bosniaks, according to the 2013 census, 1,043 Bosniaks have registered residence in Visegrad. Still, the area wasn’t ethnically cleansed as in accordance to Serbian ideologists, so this shameful project that’s grounded on crime, continued by new means and methods. Analysis confirmed key marks of aggressive attempts of ideology and policy in creating ethnic clean Serbian territory within area of Visegrad. Research is focused and timely determined on three periods: First during the Second world war 1941-1945, Second, Aggression on Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, third period after signing of Dayton’s 1995. still this day. For the purpose of proving the general hypothesis of the research, the methods of analysis and synthesis, the hypothetical-deductive method and the comparative method will be used, and for the purposes of obtaining data, the method of analysis (content) of documents and the case study method. Serbian ideologist still tries to remove all Bosnians from the wider area of Visegrad and by doing so make that town the starting point for the next phases of ethical cleansing of non-Serbian population from walleyes of Drina Conclusion would be under any price secure at first economic conditions for survival of Bosnians on those areas, take a set of measures on economically strengthening Gorazde, as a center of gathering non-Serb population in the walleye of Drina.

scholarly journals Circularity Assessment using the UN 2030 Agenda Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 855 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
P Huovila ◽  
U Iyer-Raniga
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Linear Processes ◽  
Sustainable Buildings ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The One

Abstract Established in 2015, the One Planet Sustainable Buildings and Construction (SBC) Programme has studied the state of play for circular built environment in different regions: Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, North America and Oceania. One aspect of this study has been assessment for circularity using the 2030 Agenda indicators. This paper describes how nature’s resources are used in buildings to provide more comfortable and healthier spaces while generating less waste and emissions with the aim to change linear processes to circular, thereby increasing resource efficiency and reducing waste and emissions, while also providing local jobs. A set of core indicators have been selected to assess the circularity at global and regional levels. It is intended that the indicators selected for SBC become a starting point for prioritising the built environment sector to embrace circularity principles and practices.

scholarly journals Kepribadian dalam Perspektif Sigmund Freud dan Al-Qur’an : Studi Komparatif

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Helmy
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Substance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Three Components

Human personality depicts an individual’s behavior and it is a formal object of psychology. Understanding human behavior is a vital and fundamental subject to understand human’s essence. The typology of behavioral concept is multifaceted and varied. In fact, various definitions of personality arrive at a single substance. This paper analyses Sigmund Freud’s concept on personality through the eye of Qur’an. The Qur’an made a personality concept as part of its focus. Through a comparative method, this study concludes that both Freud and the Qur’an argue that human personality consists of three components or potentials with different characteristics, yet integrated, to create human behavior and its personality. Freud calls them consecutively as Id, Ego and Superego; while the Quran calls them as Nafs, Akal and Kalbu. The difference between Freud and Quran on personality concept lies on the source where these three potentials came from. In Freud’s view, they came from the human being themselves internally or being influenced by their surroundings. Freud did not count God’s influence in his theory. According to Quran, however, the third potentials (Kalbu)depicts God’s values embedded in human being. Kalbu is called as a God’s disposition (tendency). Thus, Quranic concept on personality is theocentric while Freud’s is anthropocentric which is much dependent on rationality and morality of human being.  

“Your Son Will Be the Scourge of Islam”

Numen ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 562-588
Author(s):  
Eszter Spät
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Religious Group ◽  
The Way

Abstract Using analyses of myths and fieldwork material, the article studies the way Yezidis, a small ethno-religious group of the Middle East, appropriated the Muslim figure of Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya, the second Umayyad caliph. In his Yezidi myth, he appears as a divine being who was incarnated on earth in order to subvert sharia and replace it with a more spiritual form of Islam, equated with the Yezidi religion at the time the myth was composed. The myth is constructed around the historical reputation of Yazīd as an antinomian figure, but interprets it in a way that mocks orthodox Islam and echoes the ethos of Yezidi religion. In their turn, the Prophet Muhammad and Caliph Muʿāwiya appear as inferior figures, representing a religious tradition that is superseded by Yazīd’s arrival. The myth throws light on the historical development of Yezidi religion, as it reflects an earlier stage, when Yezidis considered orthodox Islam a related, albeit rival and inferior, form of religion. However, today, as Yezidis emphasize their distance from anything related with Islam and Arabic culture, the myth may come to be rejected despite its profoundly Yezidi nature.

scholarly journals FAKTA PERJANJIAN DAMAI DAN HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK NEGARA TIMUR TENGAH DALAM PROSES PERDAMAIAN KONFLIK ISRAEL-PALESTINA PASCA KEMERDEKAAN PALESTINA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masyrofah Masyrofah
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Nations ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
State Solution ◽  
Full Membership ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract: Peace Agreement Phenomena and Diplomatic Ties between Middle East Countries in Implementing Peace Process Regarding to Israeli-Palestinian Conflict after Palestine’s Independence. The full membership of Palestine in United Nations becomes a starting point of international recognition of Palestine’s Statehood. .Palestine has perceived its independence as “second round of independence” since its independence has been declared in 1988. Despite of Israeli’s settlement in West Bank and Jerusalem, Peace Process Agreement has been continuing. Middle East countries’ contribution has been so significant in terms of facilitating the agreement process. The recognition of Palestine’s statehood is hoped to put pressure on Israel to continue the talk on the agreement process and eventually stop the se settlement. At the end, the “two state solution” can be implemented.Key Words: Israeli-Palestinian Peace Agreement, the Role of Middle East, Two State Solutions Abstrak: Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina. Peningkatan status Palestina menjadi anggota penuh PBB menjadi titik penentu adanya dukungan internasional akan pengakuan Palestina sebagai negara berdaulat. Rakyat Palestina memaknai sebagai kemerdekaan Palestina jilid 2, karena kemerdekaannya telah dideklarasikan pada tahun 1988. Perundingan damai masih terus diupayakan oleh kedua belah pihak di tengah kemelut pembangunan pemukiman Yahudi di Tepi Barat dan Yerusalem. Peran negara Timur Tengah sangat besar dalam memfasilitasi proses perundingan. Harapan dari peningkatan status ini dapat menekan Israel agar melanjutkan perundingan dan menghentikan pembangunan pemukiman. Sehingga akhirnya dapat mewujudkan “two-states solution” (dua negara Palestina-Israel secara berdampingan). Kata Kunci : Perundingan damai Israel-Palestina, Peran Timur Tengah, Two States Solutions DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2243 

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