scholarly journals Millennia of continuity in the votive behaviour of Europeans The testimony of tools for determining the value of metal Tisíciletá kontinuita votivního chování Evropanů Svědectví nástrojů k určení jakosti kovu

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-348
Author(s):  
Martin Ježek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
False Image ◽  
Hallstatt Period

Archaeology has a great deal of experience with how the misinterpretation of finds creates a false image of the past. The main reason for this is down to ideologically-conditioned stereotypes. The paper describes one such case involving hundreds of thousands of finds of one type of artefact, commonly classified as whetstones, pendants, amulets, etc., from the Chalcolithic up to the Early Middle Ages. The article emphasises that although touchstones from ancient burials had already been identified using an electron microscopy half a century ago, the interpretation of these finds corresponding to the paradigm from the early 19th century remains popular to this day. For the chemical microanalysis of metal traces preserved on the surface of these stone artefacts, samples were selected from Russian, Slovakian, Swedish and Ukrainian sites, from the Hallstatt period up to the Early Middle Ages, with special regard for their previous interpretation history. However, the main aim is to point out the symbolic role of tools used to test the value of precious metals outside the grave context. Finds from wet environments in particular reveal the continuity of the behaviour of European over the millennia, regardless of the current ideology or cult, and the diversity of artefacts that were, and still are, chosen as a medium for votive behaviour.

scholarly journals Different Approach to Horses—The Use of Equid Remains in the Early Middle Ages on the Example of Ostrów Tumski in Wroclaw

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2294
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jaworski ◽  
Aleksandra Pankiewicz ◽  
Aleksander Chrószcz ◽  
Dominik Poradowski
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Special Role ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Horse Meat ◽  
The Past

The following article concerns the functional use of horse bones in the early Middle Ages (mainly in the period from the mid of the 10th to the 12th/13th century). The authors try to explain how such remains were used and how common it was. It is also discussed whether the special role of the horse in medieval societies somehow restricted its post-mortem usage, or perhaps there was no difference between the skeletal remains of horses and other species in this regard. For this purpose, statistical calculations on the use of the bones of various mammals were made. Only the remains of the species determined during the archaeozoological analysis were taken into account. The specific use of individual parts of a horse skeleton was also noted. In addition, the analysis also encompasses all other types of horse remains that could be used by humans (hide, hair, etc.). The consumption of horse meat was discussed separately: on the basis of the preserved traces, an attempt was made to determine whether it had happened, and if so, how popular it had been. Overall, such comprehensive analysis aims to show the various roles of the horse. It was not only a mount, but also a beast of burden, a source of food and raw material as well. The main purpose of this study is to describe the role of horses in human medieval societies of Ostrów Tumski on the basis of accessible equid remains. The highlighting of the human–horse relationship in the past allows us to understand the importance and value of the horse both as a life companion and the source of food or leather and bone tools.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

Real or Imagined Confusion in Ethnohistorical Research? A Rejoinder to Thurman

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326
Author(s):  
Charles E. Orser
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Narrow View

Recently, Melburn D. Thurman has argued that my handling of the James Mackay manuscript, an early 19th-century account of Plains native groups, is unsound. Many of Thurman's criticisms, specifically those concerning the date of the document, the details of Mackay's experience on the Missouri River, and the intent of my original article, stem from misrepresentation and misunderstanding. Thurman has refused, for example, to accept that my essay was a test of the document using archaeological data associated with the Arikara. In addition, Thurman portrays a narrow view of the past and a rather unique understanding of ethnohistorical methods. In this response to Thurman, I restate many of the points in my original article and provide an alternative perspective for studying the past.

Coinage and the Tributary Mode of Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Manzano Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Role ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Mode Of Production

This chapter addresses a very simple question: is it possible to frame coinage in the Early Middle Ages? The answer will be certainly yes, but will also acknowledge that we lack considerable amounts of relevant data potentially available through state-of-the-art methodologies. One problem is, though, that many times we do not really know the relevant questions we can pose on coins; another is that we still have not figured out the social role of coinage in the aftermath of the Roman Empire. This chapter shows a number of things that could only be known thanks to the analysis of coins. And as its title suggests it will also include some reflections on greed and generosity.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF STUDYING OF THE APPLIED ART OF ARTSAKH OF THE 19TH CENTURY ON THE PAGES OF THE EASTERN ARMENIAN ERIODICAL PRESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (10(74)) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
M. Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Color Structure ◽  
Applied Art ◽  
Technical Mastery ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

Thus, our scientific research led to the conclusion that the applied art which originated in the previous centuries continued to develop along with other branches of the culture of Artsakh in the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century.  In this scientific article, we have presented mainly the following branches of the applied arts of Artsakh: carpet weaving, handicrafts, embroidery, silversmithing, pottery. We have mainly presented interesting information about the branches of the applied art which were covered in the periodicals of the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century. Noting about the carpet weaving of Artsakh, we emphasized that the carpets of that region of Artsakh stood out with their color structure, richness of ornaments, technical mastery. We highlighted the role of handicrafts in the life of Armenian women, emphasizing that this form of the applied art was developed in Artsakh in the Middle Ages. In this article, we also presented a number of pottery samples found during excavations by foreign archaeologists. 

scholarly journals Mother Behavior to Their Daughters As Seen in ''Pride and Prejudice" and "Little Women"

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-625
Author(s):  
Fitri Arniati ◽  
Muhammad Darwis ◽  
Nurhayati Rahman ◽  
Fathu Rahman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pride And Prejudice ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Little Women ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
The Right

This research is to study about the mother behavior to their daughters as seen in "Pride and Prejudice" and "Little Women". The mother behavior to their daughters show the different way of women as a mother in bringing up their children according to their social and condition at the time. The data were taken from two novels entitled "pride and prejudice" and "little women" is the topic of the study. The  women held in the early 19th century and the late 19th century was described as one that belonged in the home as a wife and mother, and that should marry a man who can support their family. Also throughout the novel women's role in society was described as one that is to be accomplished in household  chore and those of entertainment, such as singing  and playing music. The role of women in society was a major theme throughout the novel "Pride and Prejudice" and "Little Women" The method used in this research  is a study of comparative literature to analyze mother behavior especially for Mrs. Bennet, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, These women have similarities and different behavior in find the right mate for their daughters. This study shows that every woman has characteristics in caring for their children and paying attention to the survival of their children.

Regional Trade and 19th-Century Mosul: Revising the Role of Europe in the Middle East Economy

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Shields
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Middle East ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The Past ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
The 19Th Century

During the past two decades, historians of the last Ottoman centuries have produced ground-breaking research documenting the increasing economic interaction between Europe and the Middle East. Relying on information about the empire's trade with Europe, scholars have concluded that the 19th century was a time of transformation–in culture, in politics, and in economics. By thus calling our attention to changing circumstances, these historians, economists, art historians, and sociologists have outlined a general landscape of upheaval and change.1 Monographs on Ottoman cities, focusing on the effects of international trade on coastal areas, have begun to sketch in the epicenters of massive economic dislocation.2

Electron Microscope Characterization of Pulse Annealed Semiconductors

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CULLIS
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semiconductor Structures ◽  
Pulse Processing ◽  
Processing Techniques

ABSTRACTThe pulse processing techniques that have assumed prominence over the past few years offer various important advantages for device fabrication technology. However, the usefulness of each individual method depends substantially upon the specific annealing mechanism involved. This article demonstrates the role of electron microscopy in elucidating such mechanisms and in analysing annealed semiconductor structures of importance to both research workers and semiconductor technologists. The range of laser and electron beam pulse annealing methods is covered and defect structure transitions observed are related to the solid and liquid phase processes occurring. Characteristic impurity trapping and segregation phenomena are described.

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