scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HIV INFECTION IN MODERN CONDITIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAMARA REGION)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
OV V Borisova ◽  
OV V Agafonova ◽  
EP P Eremenko ◽  
EV V Borodulina
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
High Level

High spread of HIV infection (more than 0,5% among the population) was registered in 26 regions of the Russian : Federation, where 41,5% of the country's population live. Aim - to estimate the dynamics of the spread of HIV infection in the region that used to be among the regions most affected by HIV-infection in the Russian Federation; to determine the state of HIV infection among women and children. Materials and methods. The official reporting data ; of the State Regional Clinical Hospital "Samara Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and : Infectious Diseases" were used. Results. As of 1 January 2017, Samara region is on the 13th place in terms of morbidity due to HIV (104.1 per 100 000 population). Increase in the birth rate of children born from HIV-infected mothers has been observed since 2002 (10,365 children were born in the Samara Region : since the beginning of the epidemic). The diagnosis of "HIV infection" was confirmed in 494 children. Conclusion. Characteristic features ofthe HIV epidemic in the Samara region are: the greatest prevalence of disease in the big cities of the region with further expansion into smaller towns and rural areas. There is the predominance of the sexual mode of transmission at present time. Evolution of the infection is manifested by an increase in the number of infected women, which account for about 40,0% of HIV cases. The rate of detectable HIV infection in pregnant women is growing at a consistently high level, and the proportion of births among HIV-infected pregnant women is increasing. The total cumulative percentage of perinatal HIV infection was 4,8% (0.8% - in 2016).

scholarly journals Justification of necessity and analysis of state support of agroindustrial complex in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-596
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Karavdin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
State Support ◽  
State Program ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex

Issues related to state support of the agro-industrial complex are relevant for all countries of the world, including the Russian Federation. The article deals with the key problems of the agro-industrial complex, which are mainly caused by the features of agriculture. The necessity of state support for the agro-industrial complex of Russia on the basis of the identified problems is substantiated. The article analyzes the directions and measures of state support in Russia, the differences between the stated goals in the state program for the development of the agro-industrial complex and the results in practice. The lack of a comprehensive approach to solving existing problems and proper control over the implementation of the state program, ill-considered and insufficient funding of individual programs, lobbying by large agricultural holdings of their interests and the monopolization of agricultural production do not allow to rely on the development of small agribusiness and rural areas.

SWOT Analysis as an Effective Tool for Identification of the Strengths and Weaknesses of the State's Financial Security System

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Mihail Nikolaevich Dudin ◽  
Diana Dmitrievna Burkaltseva ◽  
Oleg Georgiyevich Blazhevich ◽  
Aleksandr Viktorovich Betskov ◽  
Vladimir Fedosovich Gaponenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Domestic Capital ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Level

Subject/theme. SWOT analysis of the financial security of modern Russia is carried out herein to identify the prospects for the improvement of the financial security at the macrolevel.Purpose/objectives. The purpose of the article is to analyze the financial security of the state through the example of Russia. To achieve the purpose hereof, it is required to solve the following tasks:To provide the SWOT analysis matrix of the financial security of the Russian Federation.To determine the influence of the strengths on the opportunities and threats to the financial security of the Russian Federation.To determine the influence of the weaknesses on the opportunities and threats to the financial security of the Russian Federation.To quantify the elements of SWOT analysis.To identify the current threats to the financial security of the Russian Federation.To propose the measures to reduce the threats and to improve the level of financial security of the Russian Federation.Methods. The most common and high-quality strategic planning instrument – the SWOT analysis method – is used herein.Results.The imposition of anti-Russian sanctions made it possible to identify the problematic areas of the state, which are a threat to the financial security of the Russian Federation.The following can be identified as the current threats to the financial security of the Russian Federation: the outflow of domestic capital abroad and offshore; the quantitative restriction of money supply when issuing rubles for the growth of foreign exchange reserves; a high level of external public debt; high tax burden on business; weak investment activity and a slowdown in the rate of foreign investment; the instability of the banking system.Despite the considerable pressure from foreign countries, the Russian Federation is taking measures to neutralize the external threats to national security, reducing the possibility of external influence on its international position.Conclusion/relevance.SWOT analysis of the financial security of the state shows that the strengths prevail in the Russian Federation, but there are many weaknesses and external threats. In the aggregate, the field of strengths and opportunities prevails over the field of weaknesses and threats. Consequently, the Russian Federation has the prospects for development, but for further development the strength should be used to neutralize the threats.  

scholarly journals Economic Crimes as an Evaluation Indicator of the State of Economic Security of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Yuri Naydenyshev ◽  
Anna Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Economic security is an important system-forming element of the country of laws and the well-being of the population. The negative phenomenon of crime has a significant impact on all processes taking place in the socioeconomic sphere. The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of influence of criminal activity in the economic sphere of society on the state of economic security of the Russian Federation and the southern regions of the country in particular. The study is devoted to the search of ways to prevent crimes in the economic sphere, as well as ways to improve the investigation methodology. The methodological basis of the study is presented by the methods of formal logic (analysis, synthesis and analogy), general scientific (comparison), and specific methods of cognition (statistical method, typology method). As a result of the structural analysis of the state of economic and corruption crime in the Russian Federation and Krasnodar Krai in particular, the specific vectors of its influence on the living standards of the population and accordingly on the economic situation in the country have been determined. The trend in recent years, on the one hand, is characterized by positive dynamics in the form of a decrease in the total number of committed crimes. On the other hand, the proportion of economic and corruption crimes in the structure of the total number of officially registered crimes in Russia is characterized by growth. In addition, the damage caused by crime types under analysis also grows annually. This negative trend of illegal acts in the economic sphere damages the entire organizational and managerial activity of the government and negatively affects the state of national business. On the basis of the results of the study, specific measures which prevent economic and corruption crimes are proposed, the use of which will help to achieve the necessary level of economic security of Russia as a country with a well-developed infrastructure and an attractive socio-economic climate. Besides, the use of these measures will contribute to the normal functioning of the government machine and achievement of a high level and standard of living of the population.

scholarly journals ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS OF INTELLIGENT VEHICLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (53) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Denis V. ENDACHEV ◽  
◽  
Sergey V. BAKHMUTOV ◽  
Vladimir V. EVGRAFOV ◽  
Nikolay P. MEZENTCEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
The State ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
State Research ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Level

Modern automotive engineering is closely related to the implementation of information systems. In automobile transport, the range of such developments is considerably wide: from driver assistance systems (ADAS — Advanced Driver Assistance System) to full autopilot systems. The article provides a brief overview of the state of the problem and presents the main directions of development of the State Research Center of the Russian Federation FSUE “NAMI” in the field of ADAS and highly automated (unmanned) vehicles. Descriptions of on-board vehicle systems of a high level of automation are given developed by the State Research Center of the Russian Federation FSUE “NAMI” with the participation of manufacturers. The article also describes the key technologies of machine vision systems, test sites for highly automated vehicles.

Historical and Legal Research of the Bases of Organization and Functioning of Judicial Authority in Crimea in the Composition of the Russian Empire (late XVIII – Beginning of XX Centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
M. S. Kiyan ◽  
◽  
T. V. Khutko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
High Level

In the Russian Federation, one of the priority vectors of the development of the state is to improve the quality of justice, the guarantee of which is the effective judicial system. For the most optimal mode of functioning of the judicial system, an understanding of the main trends in its development is necessary, which requires a high level of generalization and scientific potentiation of the foundations of the organization and functioning of the judiciary, and is possible only if all previous stages of its development are analyzed. The main objective of the study: 1) determine the features of the development of the judicial policy of the Russian Empire in the regions, in particular in the Crimea; 2) to trace the evolution of the judicial system in the Crimea during its stay in the Russian Empire. When writing the work, methods of scientific research were used: dialectical, historical-legal, formal-legal, systemic, comparative-legal, historical periodization, diachronous, institutional-legal. The main results and conclusions of the study can be defined as: 1) judicial reform was a priority in the state legal policy of the Russian Empire at the end of the XVIII – early XX centuries; 2) the author's periodization of the reform of the judicial system in the Crimea. Such a consistent consideration of the organization and functioning of the judiciary allows for its comprehensive study as a historical phenomenon with its own genesis of organization and activity The article is of high scientific value, since it is the first generalizing study in the historical and legal literature devoted to the problems of the formation, development and modernization of the judiciary in Crimea as part of the Russian Empire (1783–1917), in which it was first used that were not previously included in the scientific circulation Sources of the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Problems of low living standards of population in rural areas of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Vladimir Victorovich Kurchenkov ◽  
Daria Aleksandrovna Koneva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article gives an assessment of reducing the living standard of the population in rural areas of Russia (a case of the Volgograd region). The analysis of the current state of rural areas was carried out and problems and trends of a decreasing standard of living of the population were identified. The dynamics of the urban and rural population of the Volgograd region has been illustrated in accordance with the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The conclusions are drawn about the depopulation in the rural areas, natural loss, migration outflows, and the change in the category of settlements. There have been systematized the factors influencing the living standards of the population in rural areas in modern conditions, such as: legal, socio-economic, political, technological, etc. With the help of the Ishikawa diagram, the potential causes of the declining standard of living of the rural population are ordered and aggregated, and the most important factors are identified. The effectiveness and efficiency of the state policy aimed at the long term development of rural areas is assessed. It has been noted that the volume of financing the state program Comprehensive development of rural areas for 2020–2025 will amount to about 2.3 trillion rubles, which is 12 times more than funding of the previous program. Lack of activities and insignificant amount of funding aimed at the development of social infrastructure of modern villages, the development of education and health care were identified by the authors. A set of measures to improve the existing policy for the long term development of rural areas in Russia has been substantiated. The necessity of including the problems of the development of Russian villages into the system of national projects in the Russian Federation has been emphasized.

scholarly journals Socio-economic conditions for the development of human capital in rural areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 199 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Svetlana Golovina ◽  
I. Mikolaychik ◽  
L. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

Abstract. Agricultural regions of the Russian Federation, whose strategic economic sector is agriculture, have significant opportunities for economic growth and development. They are highly important for ensuring the country's food security and depend significantly on the state of human capital of their rural territories. In this regard, the research objective of this study is to analyze the socio-economic conditions for the formation and development of human capital in rural areas of the Kurgan region (as a traditional agricultural region of the Ural Federal District and one of the ten depressed regions of the Russian Federation identified as such by the Government of the Russian Federation). Results. The article presents the results of assessing the level of development of the agricultural sector of the economy and the state of the social infrastructure of the region as the most important conditions for the formation of human capital accumulated within its territory. On the basis of theoretical generalizations, a rigorous analysis of statistical data, results of the surveys it was offered summarized information, indicating that (1) the economic conditions for the development of rural areas favor the formation and development of human capital of the required quality due to the current positive trends in the field of specialization of production, its technical equipment, technological innovation, stimulating state policy, (2) in the village there is a low level of development of social infrastructure, leading in turn low attractiveness of rural areas for highly professional, educated, creative professionals who are the basis of human capital in any field of activity. Scientific novelty. The results obtained in this research have theoretical novelty and practical value, including: 1) justification of the importance of creating a decent socio-economic environment for the development of remote territories; 2) conclusions confirming the need to provide special conditions for attracting unique specialists to rural areas; 3) arguments for stimulating convergence processes necessity in the levels of socio-economic development of all rural territories.

About some measures of prevention of criminal violation of labor protection requirements

2021 ◽  
pp. 710-716
Author(s):  
I.A. Sementsova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Proper Condition

The number of crimes in the field of labor protection (Article 143 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) still remains at a high level in our country. In the article the author suggests some measures to prevent this act. The author considers measures to optimize the management of labor protection, which have proven themselves well in a number of foreign countries. These include: training employees in labor protection rules, investing money to maintain equipment in proper condition, etc. However, there is a difficulty, the essence of which is that employers are not enough when they consciously and purposefully allocate funds for these activities. The state should develop a mechanism that encourages employers to conduct them.

THE QUESTION OF LEGAL STIMULATION THE OF TREATMENT BY HIV-INFECTED PRISONERS IN THE PLACES OF LIBERTY DEPRIVATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Михайлович Адылин
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation

В настоящее время эпидемиологическая ситуация распространения ВИЧ-инфекции остается осложненной за счет постоянного роста числа новых случаев заражения и высокого риска смерти от заболеваний, ассоциированных с ВИЧ-инфекцией, и СПИДа. Также остается напряженной обстановка распространения ВИЧ-инфекции среди особо уязвимых к заражению групп населения, к которым в соответствии со стратегией противодействия распространению ВИЧ-инфекции в Российской Федерации на период до 2020 г. относятся осужденные и лица, содержащиеся в местах принудительной изоляции от общества. При этом положения данной стратегии указывают на несоответствие современным требованиям обеспечения населения мерами по профилактике, оказанию медицинской помощи, социальной адаптации и реабилитации, а также социальной поддержке при ВИЧ-инфекции. Поэтому существует необходимость решения данных проблем путем внесения изменений в законодательство Российской Федерации для реализации прав и законных интересов ВИЧ-инфицированных, а также защиты человека, общества и государства от распространения данного заболевания. Одной из задач государства в сфере профилактики распространения ВИЧ-инфекции, в том числе в местах лишения свободы, является увеличение охвата ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц антиретровирусной терапией. Согласно результатам нашего исследования лишь около 30 % осужденных ВИЧ-инфицированных осужденных доверительно относятся к применению антиретровирусной терапии. При этом в уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве отсутствуют диспозитивные нормы, стимулирующие прохождение лечения, что в рамках государственной политики в сфере противодействия распространения ВИЧ-инфекции является упущением. С целью решения обозначенных проблемных вопросов автором предложены меры по стимулированию прохождения лечения осужденными к лишению свободы как в период отбывания наказания, так и после освобождения. Currently, the epidemiological situation of the spread of HIV infection remains complicated due to the constant increase in the number of new infections and the high risk of death from diseases associated with HIV infection and AIDS. The situation of the spread of HIV infection among particularly vulnerable groups of the population remains tense, which, in accordance with the strategy for counteracting the spread of HIV infection in the Russian Federation for the period until 2020, include convicts and people held in places of forced isolation from society. At the same time, the provisions of this strategy indicate that the modern requirements for providing the population with measures for prevention, medical care, social adaptation and rehabilitation, as well as social support for HIV infection are not in line. Therefore, there is a need to solve these problems by amending the legislation of the Russian Federation in order to realize the rights and legitimate interests of both HIV-infected people and protect people, society and the state from the spread of this disease. One of the tasks of the state in the field of preventing the spread of HIV infection, including in prisons, is to increase the coverage of HIV-infected people with antiretroviral therapy. Considering the attitude of HIV-infected prisoners to treatment, the results of our study allow us to conclude that only about 30 % of prisoners in this category trust the use of antiretroviral therapy. At the same time, there are no dispositive norms in the penal legislation that stimulate the passage of treatment, which is an omission in the framework of state policy in the field of combating the spread of HIV infection. Therefore, this article proposes measures to stimulate the passage of treatment by prisoners sentenced to imprisonment both during the period of serving the sentence and after release.

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