scholarly journals Features of a Hybrid of Common Guinea Fowl and Rooster of Orpington Breed MAU "Yaroslavl Zoo"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.А. Сырчина ◽  
Е.Г. Скворцова
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Hybrid Individual ◽  
Unique Color ◽  
The Common

Исследованы и сопоставлены размеры и экстерьерные признаки гибридной особи цесарка обыкновенная × петух орпингтон и родительских особей, содержащихся в МАУ «Ярославский зоопарк». Исследования проводились с помощью взятия промеров птиц измерительной лентой и фотофиксации их отличительных признаков. В результате исследования размеров птиц установлено, что гибридная особь имеет большие размеры, чем цесарка обыкновенная, но меньшие, чем петух породы орпингтон, при этом обладает большей длиной шеи и ног, чем родительские особи. При исследовании экстерьерных признаков установлено, что гибридная особь обладает уникальной окраской (белая с бежевыми и серыми вкраплениями), а также полным отсутствием наростов на голове, которые характерны для родительских особей. Остальные признаки гибрида имеют общие черты с родительскими особями. The sizes and exterior features of the hybrid individual of the common guinea fowl × Orpington rooster and parental animals keeping in the Yaroslavl Zoo MAU were investigated and compared. Researches were carried out by taking measurements of birds with yard-measure and photofixing their distinctive features. As a result of a study of the size of birds it was found that the hybrid individual has larger sizes than the common guinea fowl but smaller than the rooster of Orpington breed while having a larger neck and leg length than the parental animals. When studying the exterior features it was found that the hybrid individual has a unique color (white interspersed with beige and gray) as well as the complete absence of growths on the head which are characteristic of parental animals. The remaining features of the hybrid have common features with parental animals.

scholarly journals Stages of development and types of virtual currencies

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Pavlo RUBANOV
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fiat Money ◽  
Multiplayer Online Games ◽  
Virtual Stores ◽  
The Common ◽  
Current Stage

Introduction. The emergence of cryptocurrencies was preceded by the development of other varieties of virtual currencies, including game currencies, which were purely electronic and independent of government influence. Research of virtual currencies is the basis for understanding the essence of modern cryptocurrency, determining their status, identifying major risks and threats associated with their circulation. The purpose of the article is to study the nature and evolution of virtual currencies, approaches to their classification, and to analyze common and distinctive features of gaming currencies and cryptocurrencies as the main varieties of virtual money. Results. It is determined that the predecessors of the cryptocurrencies are game currencies, which are digital means of payment for specific categories of virtual goods and services in virtual stores and relevant multiplayer online games. The main stages of the development of virtual currencies after the emergence of game currencies include the launch of a game card trading exchange, the launch of bitcoin, the creation of a cryptoexchange market, the emergence of cryptocurrencies other than bitcoin, the first regulatory issues regarding bitcoin and the current stage of growth of the cryptocurrency market. Based on the analysis of game currency and cryptocurrency, the common and distinctive features of these varieties of virtual money are identified. It is found out that the main common features of cryptocurrencies and game currencies are the absence of state influence on their issue and the anonymity of operations. The differences between cryptocurrency and game currency are the purpose of creation, the method of emission, the mechanism of monitoring the emission, the accounting of transactions with virtual money, etc. The article presents the classification of types of virtual currencies, based on the type of issuer (centralized and decentralized) and the nature of circulation or convertibility into fiat money (convertible and non-convertible). Conclusion. Virtual currencies have undergone several stages of development since the 1990s. The most developed and widespread form of virtual money nowadays is cryptocurrency.

scholarly journals Common and distinctive features in stimulus representation: A modified version of the contrast model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Navarro ◽  
Michael David Lee
Keyword(s):  
Model Complexity ◽  
Geometric Complexity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Contrast Model ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Stimulus Representation ◽  
Similarity Data ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
The Common

Featural representations of similarity data assume that people represent stimuli in terms of a set of discrete properties. We consider the differences in featural representations that arise from making four differefeant assumptions about how similarity is measured. Three of these similarity models - the common features model, the distinctive features model, and Tversky’s seminal contrast model - have been considered previously. The other model is new, and modifies the contrast model by assuming that each individual feature only ever acts as a common or distinctive feature. Each of the four models is tested on previously examined similarity data, relating to kinship terms, and on a new data set, relating to faces. In fitting the models, we use the Geometric Complexity Criterion to balance the competing demands of data-fit and model complexity. The results show that both common and distinctive features are important for stimulus representation, and we argue that the modified contrast model combines these two components in a more effective and interpretable way than Tversky’s original formulation.

SPANISH AND UKRAINIAN SYNTACTIC TYPE (SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES)

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Nina Korbozerova
Keyword(s):  
Deep Level ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
National Character ◽  
Complex Character ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Syntactic Similarity

The Indo-European syntactic system is very stable. This explains the fact that the Spanish and the Ukrainian, originating from a unique linguistic base, in their syntactic structure have a considerable number of common features. The syntactic similarity of comparative languages is manifested of the group of words, sentences and their elements. According to the classification criteria in the languages above mentioned there are a lot of syntactic similarities: are distinguished similar sentence members which are expressed by similar morphological modes. In both languages the order of the words in the sentence are very similar too. Both investigated languages are characterized by the common modes of expression of syntactic relationships and by similar links in word groups. The structure of simple and compound sentences also seems in both languages. Also there are simple and compound sentences, which are subdivided into coordinated and subordinated ones. On the other hand, each of the compared languages has its own distinctive features of the formal, semantic and functional deep level, which is explained by the specific national character of each of the studied languages. In the comparative languages, the group of words, as a succession of two or more significant words linked semantically and grammatically, represents the complex denomination of the phenomena of the reality. It is one of the very important syntactic units, with which we can build the sentences. In both languages there are a lot of isomorphic characters referring to groups of words. In relation to the degree of fusion of its components, the groups of words can be free or fixed. Thus in the groups of free words the lexical meanings of their constituents are conserved. They differ from the fixed ones whose components lose their lexical dependence. The fixed groups are divided into the dependents syntactically and phraseologically. In the comparative languages, the dependent groups syntactically perform a unique syntactic function. They do not split, one of its components is relaxed lexically. The complex character of groups of words can be achieved isomorphically in a similar way: by the amplification of the simple group with a dependent word, by the unification of the nucleus by a simple dependent group, by means of two grammatically dependent elements, by the extension of the direct object.

scholarly journals Pidgin and creolian languages as a means of communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Ye. Tuyte ◽  
◽  
М. Marat ◽  
R. Saltanmurat ◽  
L. Kadyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Artificial Languages ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Creole Languages ◽  
Further Development

In a certain social environment, the need for communication is increasing. This communication is based on natural or artificial languages. The main goal of both natural and artificial languages is to satisfy the interests of the speaker, to establish feedback, that is, the implementation of language communication. The article discusses the basics of the emergence of artificial languages - pidgin and creole, for what purpose they are used, the process of converting pidgin into Creole languages. The number of Creole languages is considered, how many people speak them, in what area they are distributed. The common features and distinctive features of the pidgin and Creole languages are determined, as well as the languages that served as the basis for the creation of Creole languages, the influence of their vocabulary and grammar in the process of formation of artificial languages. The purposes of using pidgin as a language invented for temporary communication are described, as well as some linguistic uses used for communication between Russian and Chinese languages, the reasons for the emergence of these languages, the conditions for further development are explained. Examples are given regarding to the characteristics of the royal languages in some regions.

Domestic violence and bullying: features of qualification and efficiency of liability

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Roman Myronyuk ◽  
Mykola Repan
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

The article examines the problems of distinguishing bullying from domestic violence, highlights a number of similar features of these acts - physical, sexual, psychological or economic violence and the distinctive features - the place of commission, the range of subjects, methods of commission. A comparative description of the legal features of domestic violence and bullying, identified their features, in the presence of which the identification of these illegal acts, which is important for their quali-?ication in practice in order to identify and apply the most effective measures of legal responsibility for their commission. Such obligatory signs of domestic violence as: violence is always carried out with the previous intention, ie intentionally are allocated; the act of the offender must be illegal, ie contrary to the laws of Ukraine; actions prevent effective self-defense; actions violate the rights and freedoms of the individual; violent actions cause harm (physical, moral, psychological, material) to another person; Victims of domestic violence can be both family members and other persons who are related by common life, have mutual rights and responsibilities, provided they live together; systematic (repeatability) of the act (for criminal proceedings). Distinctive signs of bullying are found out: systematicity (repeatability) of action; presence of the parties - the offender (buller), the victim (victim of bullying), observers (if any); violence is always carried out with intent, ie intentionally; actions or omissions of the offender, the consequence of which is harm; the actions of the offender violate the rights and freedoms of the individual. The common features of domestic violence and bullying are identified: power and control over the victim; intent to harm, ie the offender intentionally inflicts emotional or physical pain on the victim; the threat of further aggression, ie the offender and the victim understand that this is not the first and not the last case of bullying. The common features of domestic violence and bullying are identified: power and control over the victim; intent to harm, ie the offender intentionally inflicts emotional or physical pain on the victim; the threat of further aggression, ie the offender and the victim understand that this is not the first and not the last case of bullying.

Aposematism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D. Ruxton ◽  
William L. Allen ◽  
Thomas N. Sherratt ◽  
Michael P. Speed
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Warning Coloration ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Initial Evolution ◽  
The Common ◽  
Aposematic Signals

Aposematism is the pairing of two kinds of defensive phenotype: an often repellent secondary defence that typically renders prey unprofitable to predators if they attack them and some evolved signal that indicates the presence of that defence. Aposematic signals often work to modify the behaviours of predators both before and during attacks. Warning coloration, for example, may increase wariness and hence improve the chances that a chemically defended prey is released unharmed after an attack. An aposematic signal may therefore first tend to reduce the probability that a predator commences attack (a primary defence) and then (as a component of secondary defence) reduce the probability that the prey is injured or killed during any subsequent attack. In this chapter we will consider both the primary and the secondary effects of aposematic signals on prey protection. We begin first by describing the common features of aposematic signals and attempting to show the wide use to which aposematic signalling is deployed across animals (and perhaps plants too). We then review the interesting evolutionary issues aposematic signals raise, including their initial evolution and their integration with sexual and other signals. We also discuss important ecological, co-evolutionary, and macroevolutionary consequences of aposematism.

A comparison of the changes in the patterns of the usage and categorization of the classifier ‘ben 本’ in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Jeong-A Jo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Korean Chinese ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the common features and differences in how the Chinese-character classifier ‘ ben 本’ is used in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese, and will explore the factors that have affected the categorization processes and patterns of the classifier ‘ ben 本.’ Consideration of the differences in the patterns of usage and categorization of the same Chinese classifier in different languages enables us to look into the perception of the world and the socio cultural differences inherent in each language, the differences in the perception of Chinese characters, and the relationship between classifiers.

Addressing common errors and misconceptions in integral calculus with clickers and classroom voting

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Kelly Cline ◽  
Holly Zullo ◽  
David A Huckaby
Keyword(s):  
Correct Answer ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Small Group Discussion ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Integral Calculus ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Incorrect Answer ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Common student errors and misconceptions can be addressed through the method of classroom voting, in which the instructor presents a multiple-choice question to the class, and after a few minutes for consideration and small-group discussion, each student votes on the correct answer, using a clicker or a phone. If a large number of students have voted for one particular incorrect answer, the instructor can recognize and address the issue. In order to identify multiple-choice questions that are especially effective at provoking common errors and misconceptions, we recorded the percentages of students voting for each option on each question used in 25 sections of integral calculus, taught by 7 instructors, at 4 institutions, over the course of 12 years, on a collection of 172 questions. We restricted our analysis to the 115 questions which were voted on by at least 5 different classes. We present the six questions that caused the largest percentages of students to vote for a particular incorrect answer, discuss how we used these questions in the classroom, and examine the common features of these questions. Further, we look for correlations between question characteristics and the mean percentage of students voting for common errors on these questions, and we find that questions based on general cases have higher percentages of students voting for common errors.

scholarly journals Crystal structure of a new monoclinic polymorph ofN-(4-methylphenyl)-3-nitropyridin-2-amine

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Aina Mardia Akhmad Aznan ◽  
Zanariah Abdullah ◽  
Vannajan Sanghiran Lee ◽  
Edward R. T. Tiekink
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Dihedral Angles ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Compound C ◽  
B3lyp Level ◽  
The Common ◽  
Independent Molecules

The title compound, C12H11N3O2, is a second monoclinic polymorph (P21, withZ′ = 4) of the previously reported monoclinic (P21/c, withZ′ = 2) form [Akhmad Aznanet al.(2010).Acta Cryst.E66, o2400]. Four independent molecules comprise the asymmetric unit, which have the common features of asyndisposition of the pyridine N atom and the toluene ring, and an intramolecular amine–nitro N—H...O hydrogen bond. The differences between molecules relate to the dihedral angles between the rings which range from 2.92 (19) to 26.24 (19)°. The geometry-optimized structure [B3LYP level of theory and 6–311 g+(d,p) basis set] has the same features except that the entire molecule is planar. In the crystal, the three-dimensional architecture is consolidated by a combination of C—H...O, C—H...π, nitro-N—O...π and π–π interactions [inter-centroid distances = 3.649 (2)–3.916 (2) Å].

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