scholarly journals Pidgin and creolian languages as a means of communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Ye. Tuyte ◽  
◽  
М. Marat ◽  
R. Saltanmurat ◽  
L. Kadyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Artificial Languages ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Creole Languages ◽  
Further Development

In a certain social environment, the need for communication is increasing. This communication is based on natural or artificial languages. The main goal of both natural and artificial languages is to satisfy the interests of the speaker, to establish feedback, that is, the implementation of language communication. The article discusses the basics of the emergence of artificial languages - pidgin and creole, for what purpose they are used, the process of converting pidgin into Creole languages. The number of Creole languages is considered, how many people speak them, in what area they are distributed. The common features and distinctive features of the pidgin and Creole languages are determined, as well as the languages that served as the basis for the creation of Creole languages, the influence of their vocabulary and grammar in the process of formation of artificial languages. The purposes of using pidgin as a language invented for temporary communication are described, as well as some linguistic uses used for communication between Russian and Chinese languages, the reasons for the emergence of these languages, the conditions for further development are explained. Examples are given regarding to the characteristics of the royal languages in some regions.

scholarly journals THE FEMINISTIC COMPONENT IN THEFEMALE DETECTIVE NOVEL: THE COMPARATIVE ASPECT (ON THE BASIS OF WORKS BY IRENE ROZDOBUDKO “THE DOUBLE GAME IN FOUR HANDS” AND “GAUDY NIGHT”BY DOROTHY SAYERS)

2019 ◽  
pp. 470-476
Author(s):  
T. M. Huliak
Keyword(s):  
Detective Novel ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Detective Novels ◽  
Dorothy Sayers ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Female Detective ◽  
Similarity And Difference ◽  
Original Female

The article deals with the feminist component in the detective novels «The Double Game in Four Hands» by I. Rozdobudko and «Gaudy Night» by D. Sayers. Its dominant features are distinguished: original female images and women's writing which is manifested through the detailing and usage of parenthetical constructions. The common and distinctive features of the use of the feminist component in the Ukrainian and English female detective discourse are described. The similarity and difference in the images of Musya Gurchyk and Harriet Vane who are the expressions of the creative method of detective writers are analyzed. The emotional and detailing functions of the parenthetical constructions are described. It is emphasized that the feminist component plays an important role in the creation of the genre of the female detective novel.

scholarly journals Stages of development and types of virtual currencies

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Pavlo RUBANOV
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fiat Money ◽  
Multiplayer Online Games ◽  
Virtual Stores ◽  
The Common ◽  
Current Stage

Introduction. The emergence of cryptocurrencies was preceded by the development of other varieties of virtual currencies, including game currencies, which were purely electronic and independent of government influence. Research of virtual currencies is the basis for understanding the essence of modern cryptocurrency, determining their status, identifying major risks and threats associated with their circulation. The purpose of the article is to study the nature and evolution of virtual currencies, approaches to their classification, and to analyze common and distinctive features of gaming currencies and cryptocurrencies as the main varieties of virtual money. Results. It is determined that the predecessors of the cryptocurrencies are game currencies, which are digital means of payment for specific categories of virtual goods and services in virtual stores and relevant multiplayer online games. The main stages of the development of virtual currencies after the emergence of game currencies include the launch of a game card trading exchange, the launch of bitcoin, the creation of a cryptoexchange market, the emergence of cryptocurrencies other than bitcoin, the first regulatory issues regarding bitcoin and the current stage of growth of the cryptocurrency market. Based on the analysis of game currency and cryptocurrency, the common and distinctive features of these varieties of virtual money are identified. It is found out that the main common features of cryptocurrencies and game currencies are the absence of state influence on their issue and the anonymity of operations. The differences between cryptocurrency and game currency are the purpose of creation, the method of emission, the mechanism of monitoring the emission, the accounting of transactions with virtual money, etc. The article presents the classification of types of virtual currencies, based on the type of issuer (centralized and decentralized) and the nature of circulation or convertibility into fiat money (convertible and non-convertible). Conclusion. Virtual currencies have undergone several stages of development since the 1990s. The most developed and widespread form of virtual money nowadays is cryptocurrency.

scholarly journals Common and distinctive features in stimulus representation: A modified version of the contrast model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Navarro ◽  
Michael David Lee
Keyword(s):  
Model Complexity ◽  
Geometric Complexity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Contrast Model ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Stimulus Representation ◽  
Similarity Data ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
The Common

Featural representations of similarity data assume that people represent stimuli in terms of a set of discrete properties. We consider the differences in featural representations that arise from making four differefeant assumptions about how similarity is measured. Three of these similarity models - the common features model, the distinctive features model, and Tversky’s seminal contrast model - have been considered previously. The other model is new, and modifies the contrast model by assuming that each individual feature only ever acts as a common or distinctive feature. Each of the four models is tested on previously examined similarity data, relating to kinship terms, and on a new data set, relating to faces. In fitting the models, we use the Geometric Complexity Criterion to balance the competing demands of data-fit and model complexity. The results show that both common and distinctive features are important for stimulus representation, and we argue that the modified contrast model combines these two components in a more effective and interpretable way than Tversky’s original formulation.

SPANISH AND UKRAINIAN SYNTACTIC TYPE (SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES)

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Nina Korbozerova
Keyword(s):  
Deep Level ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
National Character ◽  
Complex Character ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Syntactic Similarity

The Indo-European syntactic system is very stable. This explains the fact that the Spanish and the Ukrainian, originating from a unique linguistic base, in their syntactic structure have a considerable number of common features. The syntactic similarity of comparative languages is manifested of the group of words, sentences and their elements. According to the classification criteria in the languages above mentioned there are a lot of syntactic similarities: are distinguished similar sentence members which are expressed by similar morphological modes. In both languages the order of the words in the sentence are very similar too. Both investigated languages are characterized by the common modes of expression of syntactic relationships and by similar links in word groups. The structure of simple and compound sentences also seems in both languages. Also there are simple and compound sentences, which are subdivided into coordinated and subordinated ones. On the other hand, each of the compared languages has its own distinctive features of the formal, semantic and functional deep level, which is explained by the specific national character of each of the studied languages. In the comparative languages, the group of words, as a succession of two or more significant words linked semantically and grammatically, represents the complex denomination of the phenomena of the reality. It is one of the very important syntactic units, with which we can build the sentences. In both languages there are a lot of isomorphic characters referring to groups of words. In relation to the degree of fusion of its components, the groups of words can be free or fixed. Thus in the groups of free words the lexical meanings of their constituents are conserved. They differ from the fixed ones whose components lose their lexical dependence. The fixed groups are divided into the dependents syntactically and phraseologically. In the comparative languages, the dependent groups syntactically perform a unique syntactic function. They do not split, one of its components is relaxed lexically. The complex character of groups of words can be achieved isomorphically in a similar way: by the amplification of the simple group with a dependent word, by the unification of the nucleus by a simple dependent group, by means of two grammatically dependent elements, by the extension of the direct object.

scholarly journals The codex-images and captions of the Barlaam-romance (cod. Athon. Iviron 463 [Lambros 4583])

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-147
Author(s):  
Emese Egedi-Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
French Text ◽  
Old French ◽  
French Translation ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

The study examines the relations between different aspects (Ancient Greek main text, miniatures, Old French translation on the margins, Old French headlines) of the manuscript Iviron ? 463, which is a bilingual (Ancient Greek-Old French) Byzantine manuscript kept on Mount Athos, from a new perspective by including formerly not investigated viewpoints: by exploring the relationship between the miniatures and the headlines that are highlighted by red ink in the Old French text. The study also mentions the explanatory inscriptions in codices that preserved the Greek versions of the Barlaam-romance and are relevant in connection with the Iviron manuscript, furthermore, it investigates the common features of the manuscripts. The analysis reveals new important relations regarding the circumstances of the creation of codex Iviron.

scholarly journals Features of a Hybrid of Common Guinea Fowl and Rooster of Orpington Breed MAU "Yaroslavl Zoo"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.А. Сырчина ◽  
Е.Г. Скворцова
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Hybrid Individual ◽  
Unique Color ◽  
The Common

Исследованы и сопоставлены размеры и экстерьерные признаки гибридной особи цесарка обыкновенная × петух орпингтон и родительских особей, содержащихся в МАУ «Ярославский зоопарк». Исследования проводились с помощью взятия промеров птиц измерительной лентой и фотофиксации их отличительных признаков. В результате исследования размеров птиц установлено, что гибридная особь имеет большие размеры, чем цесарка обыкновенная, но меньшие, чем петух породы орпингтон, при этом обладает большей длиной шеи и ног, чем родительские особи. При исследовании экстерьерных признаков установлено, что гибридная особь обладает уникальной окраской (белая с бежевыми и серыми вкраплениями), а также полным отсутствием наростов на голове, которые характерны для родительских особей. Остальные признаки гибрида имеют общие черты с родительскими особями. The sizes and exterior features of the hybrid individual of the common guinea fowl × Orpington rooster and parental animals keeping in the Yaroslavl Zoo MAU were investigated and compared. Researches were carried out by taking measurements of birds with yard-measure and photofixing their distinctive features. As a result of a study of the size of birds it was found that the hybrid individual has larger sizes than the common guinea fowl but smaller than the rooster of Orpington breed while having a larger neck and leg length than the parental animals. When studying the exterior features it was found that the hybrid individual has a unique color (white interspersed with beige and gray) as well as the complete absence of growths on the head which are characteristic of parental animals. The remaining features of the hybrid have common features with parental animals.

scholarly journals TOWARDS NEW TRADITIONAL URBAN FABRICS Learning from London

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Gallarati
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Model ◽  
The Common ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Web

Today’s towns, as often represented on the web and media, seem almost the same, flattened out on the American model. But European towns still preserve their individuality: if we look at aerial views, for instance, we can see that just little sections are enough to make it impossible to confuse them. And it is not because of some single building or monument. Each of these towns has its own character due to the very nature of its urban fabric. Furthermore, every town is made of several different urban fabrics, each one with its own specific character, which distinguishes it from the others: nevertheless all of them appear as different aspects of the same reality. Which are the common features connecting such apparently different realities? And how can we learn from the past in order to obtain a more liveable built environment, in coherence with the traditional town and without interrupting but even promoting its further development?

Domestic violence and bullying: features of qualification and efficiency of liability

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Roman Myronyuk ◽  
Mykola Repan
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

The article examines the problems of distinguishing bullying from domestic violence, highlights a number of similar features of these acts - physical, sexual, psychological or economic violence and the distinctive features - the place of commission, the range of subjects, methods of commission. A comparative description of the legal features of domestic violence and bullying, identified their features, in the presence of which the identification of these illegal acts, which is important for their quali-?ication in practice in order to identify and apply the most effective measures of legal responsibility for their commission. Such obligatory signs of domestic violence as: violence is always carried out with the previous intention, ie intentionally are allocated; the act of the offender must be illegal, ie contrary to the laws of Ukraine; actions prevent effective self-defense; actions violate the rights and freedoms of the individual; violent actions cause harm (physical, moral, psychological, material) to another person; Victims of domestic violence can be both family members and other persons who are related by common life, have mutual rights and responsibilities, provided they live together; systematic (repeatability) of the act (for criminal proceedings). Distinctive signs of bullying are found out: systematicity (repeatability) of action; presence of the parties - the offender (buller), the victim (victim of bullying), observers (if any); violence is always carried out with intent, ie intentionally; actions or omissions of the offender, the consequence of which is harm; the actions of the offender violate the rights and freedoms of the individual. The common features of domestic violence and bullying are identified: power and control over the victim; intent to harm, ie the offender intentionally inflicts emotional or physical pain on the victim; the threat of further aggression, ie the offender and the victim understand that this is not the first and not the last case of bullying. The common features of domestic violence and bullying are identified: power and control over the victim; intent to harm, ie the offender intentionally inflicts emotional or physical pain on the victim; the threat of further aggression, ie the offender and the victim understand that this is not the first and not the last case of bullying.

scholarly journals A Barlám-Regény Kódexképei És Címsorai (Cod. Athon. Iviron 463)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-226
Author(s):  
Egedi-Kovács Emese
Keyword(s):  
French Text ◽  
Old French ◽  
French Translation ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

A tanulmány az Athós-hegyi Iviron 463-as jelzetű kétnyelvű (ógörög-ófrancia) bizánci kézirat különféle rétegeinek (ógörög főszöveg, miniatúrák, lapszélen szereplő ófrancia fordítás, ófrancia címsorok) összefüggéseit vizsgálja újabb megközelítésből, korábban nem vizsgált szempontok bevonásával: a miniatúrák és az ófrancia szövegben szereplő piros tintával kiemelt címsorok közötti kapcsolat feltárásával. A tanulmány a Barlám-regény görög változatait megőrző kódexek – ivironi kézirat szempontjából fontos – magyarázó címeit is áttekinti, a kéziratok közötti közös elemeket vizsgálja. Az elemzés az ivironi kódex készítésének körülményeivel kapcsolatban újabb fontos összefüggésekre világít rá.The study examines the relations between different aspects (Ancient Greek main text, miniatures, Old French translation on the margins, Old French headlines) of the manuscript Iviron № 463, which is a bilingual (Ancient Greek-Old French) Byzantine manuscript kept on Mount Athos, from a new perspective by including formerly not investigated viewpoints: by exploring the relationship between the miniatures and the headlines that are highlighted by red ink in the Old French text. The study also mentions the explanatory inscriptions in codices that preserved the Greek versions of the Barlaam-romance and are relevant in connection with the Iviron manuscript, furthermore, it investigates the common features of the manuscripts. The analysis reveals new important relations regarding the circumstances of the creation of codex Iviron.

Interrelation of Architectural Concepts and Principles of Artificial Lighting in the Moscow Concert Hall Zaryadye

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Maria M. Ilyevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Concert Hall ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Concert Halls ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Formal Features

The article is focused on the analysis of the Zaryadye Concert Hall building in Moscow in terms of the significance of artificial lighting for the creation of the imagery and perception of this facility within the typology of entertainment music-oriented buildings. Through the example of modern places of entertainment, the author reveals a number of formal features (typological attributes), which, being common to buildings of this function, constitute the basis of their image and become obvious due to the realized lighting concept. The interpretation of these attributes in the interaction of architectural planning and lighting concepts in the Zaryadye Concert Hall is traced. In conclusion, the distinctive features of the building under consideration are determined. At the same time, they reflect a new understanding of concert halls as a building type, the changes related to the overall development of architecture, as well as the elements of the individual architectural language.

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