scholarly journals Use of Biopreparations in the Cultivation of Raspberry Using Organic Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
А.М. Труфанов ◽  
С.В. Щукин ◽  
П.А. Котяк ◽  
Е.В. Чебыкина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

В современных условиях популяризации производства сельскохозяйственной продукции по органическим стандартам актуальными являются исследования установления эффективности агротехнических приёмов таких технологий на продуктивность и качество продукции растениеводства, в том числе малины красной, имеющей ведущее значение среди ягодных культур региона. В 2020 году в однофакторном полевом опыте на площади 288 кв. м на дерновой среднесуглинистой почве в условиях производства одной из сельскохозяйственных организаций Ярославской области были изучены различные биопрепараты (Байкал ЭМ-1, Органик-агро, Оргавит) как элементы органической технологии возделывания ремонтантной малины сорта Поклон Казакову с точки зрения их влияния на конкурентоспособность культуры по отношению к сорным растениям, качество и продуктивность ягод малины. Было установлено, что применение биопрепаратов Органик-агро и Оргавит на ремонтантной малине способствует повышению её конкурентной способности по отношению к сорным растениям – наблюдалась тенденция снижения численности многолетних сорных растений в среднем на 12,5%, малолетних сорных растений было меньше на 23,1% при использовании препарата Оргавит, а при внесении Органик-Агро представители этой биогруппы отсутствовали. Использование биопрепаратов способствовало динамике улучшения качественных показателей продукции малины (количество сухого вещества имело тенденцию увеличения в среднем на 0,04 процентных пунктов, количество сахаров увеличилось на 0,43 п.п., титруемая кислотность – на 0,09 п.п., содержание аскорбиновой кислоты – на 9,6%). Количественные показатели продуктивности малины также возросли, особенно при использовании препарата Оргавит – прибавка урожая составила 12,4% по сравнению с контролем. In modern conditions of popularization of agricultural products production according to organic standards, researches are relevant to establish the effectiveness of cultural practices of such technologies for the productivity and quality of crop production, including red raspberries which are of leading importance among berry crops in the region. In 2020 in a single-factor field test on an area of 288 square meters on soddy middle loamy soil under the conditions of production of one of the agricultural organizations of the Yaroslavl region, various biopreparations (Baikal EM-1, Organic-agro, Orgavit) were studied as elements of the organic technology for cultivating everbearing raspberry of the Poklon Kazakov variety in terms of their impact on the competitive ability of the crop in relation to weed plants, the quality and productivity of raspberries. It was found that the use of biopreparations Organic-agro and Orgavit on everbearing raspberry contributes to increasing its competitive ability towards weed plants – there was a tendency to reduce the number of perennial weeds by an average of 12.5%, small weed plants were less by 23.1% when using the preparation Orgavit, and when applying Organic-Agro representatives of this biogroup were absent. The use of biopreparations contributed to the dynamics of improving the quality indicators of raspberry production (the amount of dry matter tended to increase by an average of 0.04 percentage points, the amount of sugars increased by 0.43 percentage points, base-titratable acidity – by 0.09 percentage points, the content of ascorbic acid – by 9.6%). Quantitative indicators of raspberry productivity also increased, especially when using the preparation Orgavit – the yield increase was 12.4% compared to the control.

Fodder legumes affecting sequential crop production and fertilizer N use efficiency

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De ◽  
M. A. Salim Khan ◽  
M. S. Katti ◽  
V. Raja
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Subsequent Crop

SUMMARYExperiments made with winter fodder crops, lucerne (Medicago sativa), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) and oats (Avena sativa) and summer fodder crops, cow pea (Vigna unguiculata), guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), sunhemp (Crotolaria juncea) and pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) showed that a sequential crop of Sudan grass yielded more after the legumes than after the cereal fodders, oats or pearl millet. The legume advantage was noted in the crop not given fertilizers but also when Sudan grass was given N fertilizer. The yield increase in Sudan grass grown after legumes was equivalent to 32–60 kg fertilizer N/ha applied to Sudan grass following pearl millet.After harvesting the legumes more available N and NO3-N was present in the soil and the apparent recovery of fertilizer N by a subsequent crop was increased by the legume.

scholarly journals Trends of development of agricultural enterprises specializing in plant production in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Maryna POLENKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

The paper defines the structural distribution of sown area of crops. The dynamics of production of cereals and legumes, sugar beets, sunflowers, potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries. The clustering of regions of Ukraine under similar conditions of development of the enterprises of the agricultural sector specializing in crop production is carried out. According to the results of the analysis, 3 clusters were identified, which gave rise to the possibility of forming (developing) joint effective organizational and economic mechanisms to enhance the development of crop enterprises, favorable for implementation within the cluster. In the course of this study, we focus on the development trends of enterprises specializing in crop products. The lion's share (54.7 %) of sown areas falls on cereals and legumes. Technical crops occupy, which is 32.6 %, and potatoes, vegetables and melons – 6.5 %. It is important to note the long-term positive dynamics of production of cereals and legumes and the growth of production can be traced to all categories of farms – in farms and households. The production of sunflower and vegetable crops was also marked by positive dynamics. The decrease was observed in the production of sugar beets, potatoes, fruit and berry crops. In the context of the study, it is important to identify similar conditions (environment, resources, etc.) for the development of agricultural enterprises between the regions of Ukraine. For this purpose, multifactor statistical analysis (cluster analysis) of key factors of their development was used on the basis of a matrix of 25 selected indicators of development of enterprises specializing in crop production in all regions (600 indicators). To enhance the objectivity of the results, the analysis was conducted in 2010, 2015 and 2019. According to the results of the analysis, taxonomic groups (clusters) were singled out, which made it possible to single out similar regional conditions within each group. Since 2010, there have been significant changes in the regional distribution of Ukraine's agricultural potential. However, during 2015–2019 there is a relative stability in terms of resource provision and use within specific clusters. According to the results of the analysis, three clusters are distinguished: I. Volyn, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Chernivtsi, as well as Donetsk and Luhansk regions. II. Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr, Zaporizhia, Kyiv, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Ternopil, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytsky regions. III. Vinnytsia, Kirovohrad, Poltava, Sumy, Cherkasy and Chernihiv regions.

scholarly journals Small Fruit Production in High Tunnels

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Demchak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Berry Crops

High tunnels are a relatively economical form of protected culture, and offer cultural advantages such as protection from the elements and an extended production season. Interest in high tunnels for small fruit production has been increasing in North America. Growers in the United States and Canada are using multi-bay and single-bay high tunnels for production of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus), strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa), and blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). Research trials using high tunnels are being conducted in numerous places across the United States. In most instances, high tunnels increased yields of berry crops, improved quality, and decreased the incidence of most diseases compared with field production, powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis) being a notable exception. The insect and mite complex encountered in tunnels when growing berry crops has changed markedly, often becoming similar to that which might have been expected in greenhouses, with numbers of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), whitefly (Aleyrodidae), and thrips (Frankliniella spp.) reaching high levels without control measures. In studies at The Pennsylvania State University, primocane-bearing cultivars of red raspberry plants produced at least two to three times as much marketable fruit in tunnels as in a previous field study, with substantial summer and fall crops obtained. ‘Triple Crown’ thornless blackberry produced very high marketable yields in the tunnels, even though winter injury historically resulted in a lack of blackberry production in the field. Strawberry production in a plasticulture system using short-day or day-neutral cultivars was found to be viable; however, the primary benefit of high tunnels for strawberry may have been reliability of production rather than a yield increase. Potential reasons for improvements in productivity and quality are numerous and warrant further attention.

Exploring agronomic strategies to improve oat productivity and control weeds: leaf type, row spacing, and planting density

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1084-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pufang Li ◽  
Fei Mo ◽  
Defeng Li ◽  
Bao-Luo Ma ◽  
Weikai Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
High Density ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Intermediate Density ◽  
Erect Leaf

The trade-off between crop production and weed control is a fundamental scientific issue, as it is frequently influenced by individual crop competitive ability, population density, and planting pattern. A 2 yr field study was conducted to examine the relationship between planting density and row spacing, using two contrasting oat varieties. On average, high planting density (480 plants m−2) reduced weed biomass at oat maturity by 59% in 2012 and by 56% in 2013, when compared with a low density (120 plants m−2). The droopy-leaf variety suppressed weed biomass by up to 69% and weed density up to 72%, compared with the erect-leaf variety. In a drier year, the greatest grain yield was achieved with the droopy-leaf variety under the intermediate density, while in 2013, the erect-leaf variety under the high density had similar yield to the droopy-leaf variety at the intermediate density. A general trend was that increasing plant density suppressed weed infestation, and promoted crop biomass and yield. The droopy-leaf variety exhibited a strong competitive ability under the intermediate planting density, while the erect-leaf variety had a strong competitive ability under the high density. Taken together, there was a complex variety-by-environment interaction to achieve the balance between crop production and weed suppression, which was mediated by growing-season conditions.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION SALINITY ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF MELON CULTIVATED IN COCONUT FIBER

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRÍCIA LÍGIA DANTAS DE MORAIS ◽  
NILDO DA SILVA DIAS ◽  
ANDRÉ MOREIRA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
OSVALDO NOGUEIRA DE SOUSA NETO ◽  
JOSÉ DARCIO ABRANTES SARMENTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Brackish waters represent great potential for profitable agricultural production; however, productive usage depends on the adoption of proper cultural practices as well as a culture tolerant of salinity, which can require some restrictions related to soil and crop production. Given the lack of information pertaining to hydroponic melon culture, the objective of this study was to investigate physiological changes promoted by the use of brackish water in the preparation of the nutrient solution for melon (Cucumis melo L., cv. AF 015) growth in coconut fiber substrate under greenhouse conditions in Mossoró-RN, a semiarid region of Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 12 treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with 4 salt concentration levels (1.1 - control, 2.5, 4.0 and 5.5 dS m-1) and 3 exposition times (vegetative growth: 10-30 days after transplanting, DAT; flowering: 31 to 50 DAT; and fruiting and ripening: 51-70 DAT, which are the assessment phases of physiological maturation). Increasing salt concentrations in the nutrient solution reduced photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance and transpiration, but increased the intercellular CO2 concentration in melon plants. A salt concentration in the low to intermediate range (2.5 dS m-1) resulted in the best water use efficiency by melon crops.

Research Priority Dynamics in Weed Science

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Abernathy ◽  
David C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Training

For this presentation we would like to discuss some history of weeds and their control, the evolution of weed science, the development of herbicides and the changing dynamics of weed science research. As mentioned by previous speakers, weeds cause great loss to almost every crop production enterprise in the United States and around the world. Man has sought to control weeds by various methods including cultural practices, cultivation, hoeing, and with herbicides. Pioneer weed scientists were individuals trained in the areas of physiology, botany, and agronomy. They applied their knowledge and training to the understanding of growth, development, and control of weeds in the late 1800's and early 1900's.

COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH ORGANIC FARMS WITH DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS OF PRODUCTION IN THE LIGHT OF FADN DATA

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (5) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Maria Jolanta Orłowska
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Grazing Livestock

The purpose of the work was to assess the effectiveness and competitiveness of Polish organic farms with different production directions. Their production potential, intensity and production costs were also presented. The information from holdings conducting Polish FADN accounting was used. It was included in the publications: Technical and economic parameters by groups of agricultural holdings participating in the Polish FADN in 2013-2015. The following methods were used: descriptive, using tabular, and comparative tables. The research covered the years 2013-2015. In the analyzed period, the direction of production influenced the efficiency and competitiveness of Polish organic farms. Farms running only crop production were characterized by higher labor productivity than farms keeping animals. From among the surveyed organic farms, only permanent crops showed full competitive ability. Farms specialized in field crops showed ability to compete. And lack of competitive ability was showed by farms keeping animals: with dairy cows, other grazing livestock and mixed.

scholarly journals Seedling Emergence and Establishment of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Turfgrasses of Traditional and Creeping Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Masin ◽  
Stefano Macolino
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Traditional Cultivars ◽  
Marked Area ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Annual bluegrass is a cosmopolitan, cool-season grass that adapts to different environmental conditions. It is one of the main weeds of turfgrass, and its control is mainly achieved through chemical and cultural practices, although little importance is given to the competitive ability of turfgrass species or cultivars. A field study was performed in northeastern Italy from October 2012 to June 2014 to evaluate the competitive ability of selected perennial ryegrass cultivars to suppress emergence and establishment of annual bluegrass seedlings. Two creeping perennial ryegrasses (‘CSI' and ‘PPG-PR171’) and two traditional cultivars (‘Azimuth' and ‘Presidio') were compared. In late autumn in both years, annual bluegrass was sown in a marked area (30 cm by 30 cm) in the turfgrass. Emerged seedlings were counted weekly, and emergence dynamics were modeled. In the second year, final density of annual bluegrass allowed to grow in turfgrass was also evaluated in summer. Results showed that both seedling emergence and density of annual bluegrass were significantly reduced by creeping perennial cultivars, supporting the hypothesis that these cultivars may reduce annual bluegrass establishment in turfgrass. Seedling emergence pattern of annual bluegrass did not differ in creeping and traditional cultivars of perennial ryegrass, suggesting the possibility of creating a general emergence model suitable in any turfgrass to help turfgrass managers in the control of this weed species.

scholarly journals Large Scale Demo Plot Trial Project of Potash Fertilization for Increased Yield and Profitability for Smallholder Soybean Fields in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Joachim B. Nachmansohn ◽  
Patricia Imas ◽  
Surinder K. Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
K Fertilization

Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy, in spite of concerned efforts towards industrialization in the last three decades. Therefore, the soil quality and fertility are the major factors in crop production. Declining soil fertility is one of the primary factors that directly affect crop productivity, and fertilizer-use is a key factor in order to keep soil fertility and productivity. A major factor in declining soil fertility is potassium (K) depletion, especially on smallholder farms where fertilization decisions are not based on regular soil testing. Most of the smallholder soybean producers do not have access and investment capacity to soil testing services. Therefore, there is a need to create K fertilizer recommendations based on empirically verified knowledge at India-specific scale. Such large-scale studies, in local filed conditions, are currently lacking. In order to bridge this gap, and generate proven set of directly applicable recommendations, a large-scale plot trial was launched; the Potash for Life (PFL) project. The study evaluated the K response in soybean when fertilizing with potash on K depleted soils in local variable field conditions. The aim was to (1) evaluate the effect and response consistency of K application on soybean yield, (2) to demonstrate to farmers the increased yield and profitability from K-inclusive fertilization regimes for this crop and give recommendations for transient yield increase, and (3) to raise the awareness among smallholder farmers about the importance of K fertilization. A comprehensive experiment was carried out in Madhya Pradesh (M.P.) and Maharashtra. The methodology was straight-forward; two identical plots side by side, with the only difference that one of them was fertilized with additional potash. The results showed a significant yield increase response from the potash application; the average yield increase was 244 kg ha-1 or 26 % in M.P., and 105 kg ha-1 or 36 % in Maharashtra. This entailed an average additional net profit of ₹ 6,681 INR ha-1 and ₹ 2,544 INR ha-1, in M.P. and Maharashtra respectively. It was concluded that the soil status of plant available K is significantly lower than the plant demand for soybean production in the two states, Consequently, K fertilization is necessary in order to improve agricultural practices and optimizing yields. Ultimately, following recommendations given in this study would allow farmers to generate additional profit, which could further allow them to invest in fine-tuning fertilizer practices through the means of soil testing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document