744 THE USE OF IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TO EVALUATE THE PERFUSION OF THE GASTRIC PLASTY DURING OESOPHAGECTOMY.

Anastomotic leakage in oesophageal cancer surgery is one of the most serious complications and occurs mainly at the cervical level between 10–30% according to series. The use of immunofluorescence could help to select a better vascularized area in which to perform the anastomosis more safely. We present the initial experience (between July and December 2020) of our group. Methods Prospective and descriptive study of patients with oesophageal neoplasia who underwent a 3 stage oesophagectomy with cervical anastomosis using immunofluorescence with indocyanine green (dose: 7,5 mg) for quick evaluation of vascularization in the theoretical anastomosis zone in gastric plasty. Intravenous injection of the indocyanine green dilution was performed intraoperatively in a peripheral line, once the plasty was positioned in place to perform the anastomosis. The route of ascent was transmediastinal in all cases. 9 patients with a mean age of 61 ± 7.6 years were included in the study. Results The mean heart rate was 83 ± 16 bpm, the mean systolic blood pressure was 111 ± 17 mmHg. The time and mean speed it took for the fluorescence to reach the marked area to perform the anastomosis was 30 ± 28 seconds and 1.83 cm/sec; and at the apex of the plasty it was 93 ± 79 seconds and 0.75 cm/sec. In all patients in whom the anastomosis was performed in the area where ICG arrived between 30 and 90 seconds, there was no leakage. In two patients, due to anatomical needs, the anastomosis was performed in areas where ICG took more than 100 seconds and in the postoperative period leaked. Conclusion Immunofluorescence is a technique that allows an immediate visual image to evaluate the vascularization of the gastric plasty during an esophagectomy. It allows characterizing the adequate vascularization of the future anastomotic area, being able to help decide the best place to carry out the anastomosis. Studies with a larger number of cases are needed to be able to define the range in which to establish the anastomosis or change the surgical strategy.

Automatic Wheels and Camera Calibration for Monocular and Differential Mobile Robots

Mobile robotic systems are highly relevant today in various fields, both in an industrial environment and in terms of their applications in medicine. After assembling the robot, components such as the camera and wheels need to be calibrated. This requires human participation and depends on human factors. The article describes the approach to fully automatic calibration of a robot’s camera and wheels with a subsequent calibration refinement during the operation. It consists of placing the robot in an inaccurate position, but in a pre-marked area, and using data from the camera, information about the environment configuration, as well as the ability to move, in order to perform calibration without external observers or human participation. There are two stages in this process: the camera and the wheel calibrations. The camera calibration collects the necessary set of images by automatically moving the robot in front of the fiducial markers template, and then moving it on the marked floor, assessing its trajectory curvature. Upon calibration completion, the robot automatically moves to the area of its normal operation and it is proposed to refine the calibration during its operation without blocking its work. The suggested approach was experimentally tested on the Duckietown project base. Based on test results, the approach proved to be comparable to manual calibrations and is capable of replacing a human for this task.

Apparel Recommendation Engine Using Inverse Document Frequency and Weighted Average Word2vec

The rapid development of e-commerce shopping marketplaces necessitates the use of recommendation engines and quick, precise, and efficient algorithms in order for the company's business models to generate a massive amount of profit. A computer vision software programme enables a computer to learn a great deal from digital images or movies. Machine learning methods are used in computer vision, and several machine learning techniques have been developed specifically for this purpose. Information retrieval is the process of extracting useful information from a dataset, and computer vision is the most commonly used tool for this purpose nowadays. This project consists of a series of modules that run sequentially to retrieve information from a marked area on a receipt. A receipt image is used as an input for the model, and the model first uses various image processing algorithms to clean the data, after which the pre-processed data is applied to machine learning algorithms to produce better results, and the result is a string of numerical digits including the decimal point. The program's accuracy is primarily determined by the image quality or pixel density, and it is necessary to ensure that an input receipt is not damaged and content is not blurred.

Awareness of Polish consumers as the basis of development from the sharing economy in the context of own research

Purpose – The aim of the article is an attempt to assess the approach of market participants to the sharing economy in the context of own empirical research against the background of surveys of agen-cies and other research centres. Research method – The implementation of the aim required the use of the direct method – question-naires. The research results from 2016-2020 are presented.Result – The obtained results of own research and the data taken from reports of other research centres do not give a clear answer to the question of how the sharing economy will develop in Poland. However, it seems that the growth will be inevitable. The only question is how dynamic the new eco-nomic model and the development of companies based on it will be. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The publication describes the essence of the sharing economy, and also changes in consumption trends, which are more and more frequently encountered also in Poland. Fragments of own survey research from 2016-2020 involving the issue were presented. In the future, it is necessary to continue research in the marked area.

A REVIEW ON COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF APASTAMBHA MARMA AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The word Marma denotes the vital spots of the body. Marma Shareera is widely discussed in Ayurveda. The structural entity of these spots is not clearly explained in the classical texts so we cannot rule out the exact structural components involved. Apastambha Marma is one among 107 Marma explained in Classical textbooks. According to Sushruta, it is classified under Sira variety and it is an Urogata Kalantara Pranahara Marma. But Vagbhata has mentioned it as a type of Dhamani Marma on the basis of its structural entity. It measures about 1/2 Angula Pramana. Acharya Sushruta mentions its location as Uras, bilaterally where two Vatavaha Sira (tubular structures carrying air) are seen. Vagbhata says that it is situated in the Uras on both sides of the Parshwa. The Viddha Lakshana of this Marma as per Sushruta is Vatapoornakoshtataya, Kasa, Shwasa and Marana. However, there is a difference of opinion with Vagbhata; he has explained Raktena Poornakoshta instead of Vatapoornakoshtataya. Result: The marked area for the Apastambha Marma is at the level of 3rd costal cartilage on both the sides of the chest just lateral to the midline. As the measurement in Angula (1 cm) is not apparent so it is taken as the lengthwise, breadth wise and depth-wise. Conclusion: The area of about 2 cm lateral to carina which is the common site of injury in the bronchus can be taken as the site of Apastambha Marma as rupture of the bronchus leads to pneumothorax and the individual will show symptoms of breathing difficulty such as Kasa, Shwasa and in severe cases it may lead to the death. This explanation holds true for the Viddha Lakshana mentioned by Sushruta. Taking Shonitapoornakoshta this into consideration, pulmonary and bronchial vessels can be taken as the structures involved in Apastambha Marma which also holds good for the explanation of structural composition as per Vagbhata also i.e., it is a Dhamani Marma. Thus, we can conclude that the two Principal Bronchus along with the pulmonary vessels and bronchial vessels should be considered as the site of Apastambha Marma.

Determination of Effect on Cutaneous Wound Healing of Ozonated Hazelnut Oil

In this study, the wound healing effect of ozonated hazelnut oil was investigated on 54 male Sprague-Dawley rats. 7 experimental groups were designed. A circular area with a diameter of approximately 2 cm on dorsal surface was drawn using a coin and full thickness of the marked area was cut approximately 3 cm away from the ears by sterile scissors and forceps. All oils were daily applied on wound surface of experimental animals in volume of 0.2 mLduring 15 days. In this study, statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS 22.0 package program. Wounds of all experimental animals were photographed by a digital camera on days 0, 3, 6, 12 and 15 after wounding. Ozonated oil treated wounds had significantly higher than the other groups on the day 3 after wounding. There is a quantitatively healing is determined on 3 day on rats. It has been observed in the stability period that ozonated oils must be stored at a temperature below 4 °C. Vitamin E should be added as an additive in the medical use of ozonated hazelnut oil in wound healing.

INVOLVEMENT OF CATECHOLAMINES IN THE MYOCARDIUM OF RATS SUBMITTED TO EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION

ABSTRACT Background: The role of autonomic nervous system in the development and maintenance of portal hypertension is not fully elucidated. It is known that the gene expression of norepinephrine in the superior mesenteric artery varies with time, and it may contribute for splanchnic vasodilation and its consequent hemodynamic repercussions. It is still not known exactly how the adrenergic expression behaves at the heart level in the initial stages of this process. Aim: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase), involved in the synthesis of norepinephrine, in the myocardium of rats submitted to partial ligation of the portal vein. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Sham Operated and Portal Hypertension. The partial ligation was performed in the Portal Hypertension group, and after 1/6/24 h and 3/5/14 days the animals were euthanized. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to quantify the expression of the stained enzyme using the ImageJ program. Results: The Portal Hypertension group expressed percentages between 4.6-6% of the marked area, while the Sham Operated group varied between 4-5%. Although there was no statistical significance, the percentage stained in the Portal Hypertension group followed an increasing pattern in the first 6 h and a decreasing pattern after 24 h, which was not observed in the Sham Operated group. Conclusion: The expression of noradrenaline in rat myocardium during the first two weeks after partial ligation of the portal vein, with tyrosine hydroxylase as marker, did not show differences between groups over time.

A Computer Vision Approach for Balancing of Rotating Machines

Unbalance is one of the most common mechanical faults in rotating machines. Different balancing methods to stabilize the unbalanced rotor are investigated in this paper. One approach of using solely the accelerometers data and intricate vibration theories is discussed. Although the method can eliminate the need of balancing equipment, and the amplitude and phase of the machine’s vibrations can be identified, it needs numerous measurements, and in some cases is impossible to be implemented. Therefore, a novel approach with reduced number of required measurements is proposed. Our method only requires two measurements, one from the original unbalanced condition, and the other from modified situation after adding an arbitrary trial mass to a marked location on the rotor. The rotating rotor is being video recorded during this process. The goal is to identify the position of the marked area whenever the amplitude of the sinusoidal vibration response reaches the maximum. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, an experiment is setup. Vibration of healthy and unbalanced flywheel attached on a three-phase induction motor is analyzed in both time and frequency domains. The rotation of the motor is video recorded under original unbalanced and modified situations. The correction mass and its adding location are calculated using proposed method. The vibration analysis of balancing result demonstrated that the system got dynamically balanced by adding right value and location of a mass. The method proposed and developed in this paper is more cost effective with the same accuracy as the other contested balancing techniques.

DRAWING FOR TRAFFIC MARKING USING BIDIRECTIONAL GRADIENT-BASED DETECTION WITH MMS LIDAR INTENSITY

Recently, the development of autonomous cars is accelerating on the integration of highly advanced artificial intelligence, which increases demand for a digital map with high accuracy. In particular, traffic markings are required to be precisely digitized since automatic driving utilizes them for position detection. To draw traffic markings, we benefit from Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) equipped with high-density Laser imaging Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanners, which produces large amount of data efficiently with XYZ coordination along with reflectance intensity. Digitizing this data, on the other hand, conventionally has been dependent on human operation, which thus suffers from human errors, subjectivity errors, and low reproductivity. We have tackled this problem by means of automatic extraction of traffic marking, which partially accomplished to draw several traffic markings (G. Takahashi et al., 2014). The key idea of the method was extracting lines using the Hough transform strategically focused on changes in local reflection intensity along scan lines. However, it failed to extract traffic markings properly in a densely marked area, especially when local changing points are close each other. <br><br> In this paper, we propose a bidirectional gradient-based detection method where local changing points are labelled with plus or minus group. Given that each label corresponds to the boundary between traffic markings and background, we can identify traffic markings explicitly, meaning traffic lines are differentiated correctly by the proposed method. As such, our automated method, a highly accurate and non-human-operator-dependent method using bidirectional gradient-based algorithm, can successfully extract traffic lines composed of complex shapes such as a cross walk, resulting in minimizing cost and obtaining highly accurate results.