GOVERNANÇA AMBIENTAL SOB A ÓTICA DAS INSTITUIÇÕES PÚBLICAS MUNICIPAIS: UM ENFOQUE SOBRE GESTÃO DA COSTA DO ESTADO DO CEARÁ, BRASIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1019-1037
Author(s):  
Érica Nadia Costa Sousa ◽  
Davis Pereira de Paula

A governança ambiental no Brasil tem avançado significativamente nas últimas décadas, principalmente no que concernem as políticas públicas. No contexto da descentralização do poder institucional, o município vem adquirindo papel de relevância como entidade executora das ações orientadas pela governança. No âmbito da gestão costeira, hoje há diversos meios legais que reafirmam a importância do gerenciamento do litoral em áreas densamente urbanizadas, nesse quesito, todos os níveis detêm diversos mecanismos que podem auxiliar significativamente para a gestão adequada das áreas litorais. Dessa forma, a partir das diretrizes da governança ambiental brasileira, o presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a gestão costeira dos municípios litorâneos cearenses a partir da atuação das secretarias municipais de meio ambiente dos referentes municípios. Sendo assim, foi aplicado um questionário eletrônico direcionado aos gestores públicos de órgãos e/ou secretarias de meio ambiente. Em que foram analisados aspectos da sua estrutura técnica de implementação das políticas públicas de gestão costeira, bem como as respostas municipais de gestão com base local. Levou-se em consideração para esta análise apenas os municípios que possuem orla marítima.  Com base na estrutura que orienta a boa gestão, aqui entendida como Governança, foi possível identificar a capacidade técnica de resposta dos órgãos de meio ambiente dos municípios costeiros cearenses frente as problemáticas de gestão de suas orlas.  E sobre todas essas questões, a governança assume o papel direcionador de boas práticas para melhorar a gestão costeira.Palavras-chave: Governança. Gestão Costeira. Instituições Públicas. ABSTRACTEnvironmental governance in Brazil has advanced significantly in recent decades, especially regarding public policies. In the context of the decentralization of institutional power, the municipality has been acquiring a relevant role as an executing entity of governance-oriented actions. In the context of coastal management, today there are several legal means that reaffirm the importance of coastal management in densely urbanized areas. In this regard, all levels have several mechanisms that can significantly assist in the proper management of coastal areas. Thus, based on the guidelines of the Brazilian environmental governance, this article aims to analyze the coastal management of the coastal municipalities of Ceará from the performance of the municipal environmental secretariats of the referred municipalities. Thus, an electronic questionnaire was applied to public managers of environmental agencies and / or departments. In which aspects of its technical structure for the implementation of coastal management public policies were analyzed, as well as the municipal based management responses. For this analysis, only the municipalities with seafronts were considered. Based on the structure that guides good management, understood here as Governance, it was possible to identify the technical capacity of the environmental agencies of Ceará coastal municipalities to respond to the problems of managing their borders. And on all these issues, governance assumes the guiding role of good practice for improving coastal management.Keywords: Governance. Coastal Management. Public Institutions. RESUMENLa gobernanza ambiental en Brasil ha avanzado significativamente en las últimas décadas, especialmente con respecto a las políticas públicas. En el contexto de la descentralización del poder institucional, el municipio ha adquirido un papel relevante como entidad ejecutora de acciones orientadas a la gobernanza. En el contexto del manejo costero, hoy existen varios medios legales que reafirman la importancia del manejo costero en áreas densamente urbanizadas, en este sentido, todos los niveles tienen varios mecanismos que pueden ayudar significativamente en el manejo adecuado de las áreas costeras. Por lo tanto, con base en los lineamientos de la gobernanza ambiental brasileña, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el manejo costero de los municipios costeros de Ceará a partir del desempeño de las secretarías ambientales municipales de los municipios referidos. Por lo tanto, se aplicó un cuestionario electrónico a los administradores públicos de agencias y / o departamentos ambientales. En qué aspectos de su estructura técnica para la implementación de la gestión costera se analizaron las políticas públicas, así como las respuestas de gestión con base municipal. Para este análisis, solo se consideraron los municipios con zonas marítimas. Con base en la estructura que guía la buena gestión, entendida aquí como Gobernanza, fue posible identificar la capacidad técnica de las agencias ambientales de los municipios costeros de Ceará para responder a los problemas de gestión de sus fronteras. Y en todos estos temas, la gobernanza asume el papel rector de las buenas prácticas para mejorar la gestión costera.Palabras clave: Gobernanza. Manejo costero. Instituciones públicas.

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 112069
Author(s):  
Tanya Heikkila ◽  
Christopher M. Weible ◽  
Kristin L. Olofsson ◽  
Jennifer A. Kagan ◽  
Jongeun You ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-179
Author(s):  
Armando Dias Duarte ◽  
Saulo de Tarso Marques Bezerra ◽  
Elizabeth Amaral Pastich Gonçalves

The environment, over the years, has been subjected to strong negative impacts caused by economic policies that have promoted an uncontrolled growth of urbanization in the cities and abusive exploration of the natural resources. In this context, developing socio-environmental indicators to subsidize the formulation of municipal public policies which consider, specifically, the environmental (in)salubrity of each neighborhood or locality of municipalities is imperative. The present paper presents the construction and application of an environmental health indicator for residential neighborhoods in two localities of Caruaru City, Pernambuco State. The data adopted in research were obtained from databases of City Hall institutions, from interviews with the population of the localities and water quality analyses. The results indicated that the neighborhoods analyzed presented characteristics of medium health; water supply, the disposal of solid waste, and socioeconomic aspects require attention and priority of public policies. In conclusion, the proposed indicator can be an instrument to assist in urban planning and environmental management of Brazilian municipalities, because it can guide the performance of public managers and the civil society to identify priority actions for improving the infrastructure of the most unhealthy neighborhoods. Keywords: healthiness; environmental health; environmental sanitation; environmental management; environmental health indicator.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Daniel Maxwell ◽  
Peter Hailey

Famine means destitution, increased severe malnutrition, disease, excess death and the breakdown of institutions and social norms. Politically, it means a failure of governance – a failure to provide the most basic of protections. Because of both its human and political meanings, ‘famine’ can be a shocking term. This is turn makes the analysis – and especially declaration – of famine a very sensitive subject. This paper synthesises the findings from six case studies of the analysis of extreme food insecurity and famine to identify the political constraints to data collection and analysis, the ways in which these are manifested, and emergent good practice to manage these influences. The politics of information and analysis are the most fraught where technical capacity and data quality are the weakest. Politics will not be eradicated from analysis but can and must be better managed.


2000 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 677-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Wing Hung Lo ◽  
Sai Wing Leung

Researchers on China's environmental governance have usually maintained that the inferior bureaucratic status of the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) (formerly the National Environmental Protection Agency) and its local agencies have accounted for the limited enforcement of environmental regulations in China. Environmental agencies at all levels have found it difficult to obtain active support and co-operation from other bureaucratic authorities in charge of economic development to take a tough stand on tackling environmental problems. Strong and influential government agencies such as planning commissions (jiwei), economic commissions (jingwei), construction commissions (jianwei), and industrial and commercial authorities are known to be reluctant to endorse and enforce stringent environmental measures for fear that they might slow down economic growth. With a strong pro-growth orientation, both central and local governments have usually sided with these economic bureaus and have subordinated environmental protection to economic interests when the two have been in conflict.


2011 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-wai Li ◽  
Bo Miao ◽  
Graeme Lang

AbstractLocal administration in China remains a contested territory of environmental governance. Economic growth often comes with high environmental cost; the central government's environmental regulations are implemented unevenly. This article examines the experience of policy uptake and adoption of the National Model City of Environmental Protection programme in the county-level cities of the Suzhou Municipality. It analyses the rationales for these cities' adoption of the policy, and implications for the emergence of the “environmental state” in local China. It suggests that while economic development remains an important priority of local officials, this preference is not immutable and is now complemented in some areas by substantial local commitments to environmental good practice, often under the influence of local leaders as well as provincial authorities.


2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 417-435
Author(s):  
Yu Hongyuan

In December 2018, the 24th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held in Katowice, Poland, and reached a package of agreements. It provided a new opportunity for the promotion of global climate negotiations and new momentum for the transformation of global climate governance as well. The Katowice conference continued the tradition of the previous conferences in enhancing policy coordination and contribution among various actors. The success of the conference depends on scientific reports of climate disasters, coordinated efforts by major countries, and the contribution of various non-state actors. However, as an ongoing process, global climate governance is still faced by many difficulties, such as weak synergy, staggering development of global environmental governance, daunting challenges to least developed countries (LDCs) in climate actions, and lack of fairness, which need to be tackled through joint endeavor by both developed and developing countries. As the second largest economy and biggest greenhouse gas emitter, China’s future engagement in global climate governance will be focused on promoting green competitiveness, enhancing its institutional power in the governance process, and strengthening pragmatic multi-stakeholder climate diplomacy, so as to promote common understanding among countries and help with their policy coordination for climate actions.


2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550009 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO MONTAÑO ◽  
MARCELO PEREIRA DE SOUZA

This paper provides an overview of current IA research in Brazil, considering its extension, lessons learned and the quality of its practice, as well as barriers to research, current gaps and future research endeavours. Despite the big effort devoted to IA research in the country, there is a small number of groups dedicated to the systematic research of IA instruments, its procedures and methods, the assessment of its effectiveness and the evidence to support good practice, the study of the organization of IA systems and their influence on decision-making. In our opinion, the lack of a well structured and distinct field of training and research is one of the major barriers to IA research. Similar to other countries, IA research is not recognised by scientific agencies/committees as a proper field of research, which means the majority of IA research grants is being evaluated/approved by committees with a small or no background in IA. There is, however, a significant contribution to be offered by research to foster IA development in Brazil. Besides the systematic assessment of IA effectiveness and the definition of procedures, methods and approaches to fill the currently well-described gaps, future research efforts should include the study of learning processes through IA practice and their influence in decision-making, the connections between IA and planning, and the benchmarks to environmental governance coming from IA practice.


2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN KOPNINA

SUMMARYThrough the commodification of nature, the framing of the environment as a ‘natural resource’ or ‘ecosystem service’ has become increasingly prominent in international environmental governance. The economic capture approach is promoted by international organizations such as the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) through Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB). This paper will inquire as to how forest protection is related to issues of social and ecological justice, exploring whether forest exploitation based on the top-down managerial model fosters an unequitable distribution of resources. Both top-down and community-based approaches to forest protection will be critically examined and a more inclusive ethical framework to forest protection will be offered. The findings of this examination indicate the need for a renewed focus on existing examples of good practice in addressing both social and ecological need, as well as the necessity to address the less comfortable problem of where compromise appears less possible. The conclusion argues for the need to consider ecological justice as an important aspect of more socially orientated environmental justice for forest protection.


2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Gabriel De Pinna Mendez ◽  
Ricardo Abranches Felix Cardoso Júnior

Environmental licensing is one of the main instruments of the National Environmental Policy, mainly due to its nature of prevention of the significance of environmental damages. After the enactment of complementary law no. 140/11, municipalities were given the explicit competence to license enterprises and activities whose environmental impact is classified as local, provided they have a qualified technical body and a municipal environmental council. After almost six years of enforcement of the aforementioned complementary law, it is verified that most municipalities have not yet been able to implement an efficient and effective environmental licensing system, configuring themselves as mere emitters of environmental licenses. The main problems encountered in municipal environmental licensing are addressed in this paper, such as inconsistencies in the definition of competence of the licensing body, deficiencies in the normative framework, mainly regarding legislation on land use and occupation (zoning), low technical capacity and Lack of independence of municipal environmental agencies, excessive bureaucracy and high processing time, as well as lack of transparency and social control. The analysis of these obstacles points to the need for improvements and effective changes in municipal environmental systems, making environmental licensing play the role of collective protection.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10921
Author(s):  
Shirley Suellen Thesari ◽  
Mauro Lizot ◽  
Flavio Trojan

Government planning has a relevant role in the human development of cities, and the local public sector acts on legal regulations and budget planning to reach high levels of sustainability and human development. However, there is a gap in local governments related to the integration of decision-making preferences considering sustainability and human development in their budget planning. This work explores how the preferences of decision-makers have been considered in published research found in high-impact journals, and how they have been used in practice or not, especially in the public budget planning for the improvement of the governance of municipalities and human quality of life. The methodology integrated a literature review (by Methodi Ordinatio) with a sorting procedure (by the ELECTRE-TRI method) to categorize the selected papers, considering the level of adherence to the theme and the most relevant contributions, and also a systematic procedure organized by lenses analysis, and Simos’ procedure to define the weights for these lenses. The results that were found can help scholars to access discussions about budget planning distribution, mainly considering the aspects related to sustainable and social goals. The research also helps local public managers to make evidence-based decisions developing the city and local governance.


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